1. Liturgy and Unity, Worship and Beauty Ch. 6

2. Essential Elements “eucharist” is greek for thanksgiving Presider—priest saying mass Mass is both public and communal

3. Essential Elements 1. proclamation of the Word of God 2. Body and Blood of Christ are offered in a prayer of thanksgiving to God for sending us the ultimate sacrifice, His Son 3. consecration of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ 4. participation in Holy Communion

4. Essential Elements (cont’d) Four essential elements make up one single act of worship Non-essential elements include: Formal procession, singing of hymns, sprinkling of holy water, use of incense

5. Sacrificial Meal Every mass is both a memorial and a sacrifice We are fed physically by the host (sacred meal) We are fed spiritually by the holy sacrifice

6. Transubstantiation The mystery and process of turning the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ Jesus Christ’s “Real Presence” is in the host under the appearance of bread and wine Jesus Christ is truly and wholly present in the Eucharist

7. Holy Communion The priest is obligated to receive Communion Each Catholic is obligated to receive Communion once during the Easter Season Each Catholic is urged to receive communion each time they participate in mass

8. Essential Signs Use of unlevened bread and wine Use of words: “This is the cup of my blood” “This is my body which will be given up for you”

9. Early Eucharist Celebrations Paschal Mystery--The suffering, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ Celebrated throughout each liturgical year as well as each mass St. Justin Martyr—second century saint Took many years to develop the need for a formal space of worship and to establish Sunday as the Lord’s Day

10. Quiz 1. Emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to this city in modern-day Turkey. Answer “Eastern Church” or “Western Church” 2. This church relied heavily on the senses. 3. This church emphasized the altar and actions of the priest. 4. This church decorated using colorful mosaics representing biblical scenes. 5. This church hid the Eucharist behind a screen. *Bonus: Basilicas were originally this type of building.

11. The Church in the East Emperor Constantine moved his capital from Rome to Constantinople Expression of the Kingdom of God Appealed to the senses of the people Church-goers were passive participants Ritualistic movements The Eucharist was hid behind an ornate screen

12. The Church in the East (cont’d) Central space was covered by a dome that appeared to be floating Dome represented heaven Use of gold, silver, colorful mosaics of biblical scenes in decorations

13. The Church in the West Dramatic celebration of Jesus’ Sacrifice Emphasis on the altar and clear view of priest Basilicas were originally government buildings Relic of a martyr in the altar Bishop’s chair raised behind the altar Lecterns on either side of altar Lay people separated from the clergy and altar

14. The Church in the West (cont’d) Churches were solid and Romanesque reflecting the powerful influence of the church in the world Great emphasis on the clergy with a railing to separate lay people form the altar Gothic Churches in the Middle Ages with high arches and spires to symbolize God’s order and perfection

15. Liturgy Adapts to Culture Prayers and rituals changed as the faith spread throughout the world 4 Essential Elements remained the same over time

16. Universal Catholic Church As the Apostles spread the message of Jesus Christ throughout the land around the Mediterranean Sea, different Catholic churches were established 24 different Catholic Churches follow the leadership of the pope All “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic” 8 different rites divide these churches

17. The Catholic Church Latin Rite: Roman Catholic Church Armenian Rite Alexandrian Rite Ge’ez Rite West Syrian Maronite Rite East Syrian Rite West Syrian Rite Byzantine Rite

18. Eucharist and Sins Must be free of mortal sins and in a state of grace to receive the Eucharist Can receive Penance to receive absolution and be in a state of grace Receiving the Eucharist forgives the faithful of venial sins

19. Parts of the Church (see handout for details) Words to know: Nave Apse Narthex Sacristy Altar Pulpit Lectern Sanctuary

20. Building a Cathedral During the Middle Ages, many cathedrals were build over several centuries Thousands of workers were needed under the direction of a master builder Unskilled laborers did the heavy lifting and digging Skilled laborers sculpted statues of kings, bishops, saints, angels, and gargoyles Arches rose 150 feet, spires rose 400 feet Stained-glass windows depicted biblical stories Faithful learned about their faith through the buildings’ art

21. Test Test is Tuesday, January 11 Covers chapter 6 and pages 409, 410 Use your notes and this powerpointto study