31. 10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
Paddy field soil during farming
Boiled-and-stored rain water during drinking
Stored well water during bathing
Stored rain water during hygiene practices
Devices of eating during eating
Garden soil during gardening
Pond water during fishing
Irrigation water during irrigation
River water during fishing in a river
Pond water during swimming in a pond
Total
糞便汚染に由来する下痢症リスク要因
Infectious risk (event/cap/year)
0.59 – 2.7 感染回数/人/年 (95%tile, Med.=1.4)
• 感染リスクは大きいが,その大部分は環境水由来
• ドライトイレは,水環境に汚水を出さない点で大きな
利点あり
図. 様々な日常生活を経由した糞便曝露に由来する下痢症感染リスク
下痢症リスクを構成する
各種リスク要因
31/14
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
Paddy field soil during farming
Boiled-and-stored rain water during drinking
Stored well water during bathing
Stored rain water during hygiene practices
Devices of eating during eating
Garden soil during gardening
Pond water during fishing
Infectious risk (event/cap/year)
33. エコサンの受容(単純利用,39か月後)
Check item
During Month 0-4 At Month 39
(%)
(n=80)
(%)
(n=50)
Offensive fecal smell inside a toilet 1.3 14.0
Maggots inside a toilet vault 0 12.0
Many flies inside a toilet vault (>10 flies) 0 0.0
表 39か月後のトイレ便槽の状況
33/14
34. エコサンの受容(農業利用,39か月後)
Check item
At Month 39
% of toilets n
Feces never taken out from vaults 63.3 30
Feces taken out of vaults before a proper
retention period
33.3 12
Feces never used for agriculture 58.8 17
Urine not used for agriculture properly 65.4 26
表 大便と尿の利用状況
トイレの単純利用は広く受容されたものの,
し尿の農業利用は限定的
34/14
貯留された尿 灰とともに貯留された大便
36. 包括的な地域開発プログラム
- Moringa and Jatropha
planted
- Fruit trees planted
- Organic farming
- Distribution of
local seeds
- Measures of pests
and insects
- Distribution of
mosquito nets
- Health education
- Toilet construction
- Feces&urine as organic
fertilizer
- Hand Pumps
- Workshop for village level
operation & maintenance
- Fostering local leaders
- Committee development
for agriculture, women,
and health
Reforestation
Human Resource
Development
Water Supply Ecosan toilet
-
Measures for
infection
Grain storage
Agriculture
Comprehensive
Rural
Development
36/14