Our assignment for British Studies. Mostly copy paste from many sources. Sorry for the unmentioned credit.

1. History of Britain
Presented by :
Adit Diska Ridho
Bintar Hilga Sery

2. Normandy
Plantagenet
Tudor
Stuart
Hanover
Windsor
Lancaster & York

3. Monarch Born and Reign Married
William I
the Conqueror
1028, son of
Robert, Duke of Normandy
& Arlette of
Falaise 1066-1887
Matilda of Flanders
William II
Rufus
circa 1056
son of William I
and Matilda of Flanders 1087-1100
Henry I
circa 1068,
son of William I
& Matilda of Flanders 1100-1135
(1)Edith of Scotland
(2)Adelicia of Louvain
King Stephen
circa 1096
son of
Stephen, Count of Blois
and Adela of Normandy 1135-54
Matilda of Boulogne
Matilda
1102
daughter of
Henry I
& Edith of Scotland 1141
Geoffrey Plantagenet
Count of Anjou
The Norman Kings of England

4. At 1085, William the Conqueror
decided to conduct a far ranging
survey of his kingdom with a
book named Domesday Book.
 William defeated the Saxon
king (Harold) at the Battle of
Hastings. Hastings is a town
on the south coast of England.
The story of the invasion is
told in pictures in the Bayeux
Tapestry. This was the last
time that England was
successfully invaded by a
foreign army.

5. • The dynasty lasted for three generations,
through the reigns of William's two sons, William
II (1087-1100) and Henry I (1100-1135), both of
whom were strong and efficient rulers, until
civil war engulfed England as two of his
grandchildren, Stephen (1135-54) (the son of the
Conqueror's youngest daughter Adela) and
Matilda (only legitimate daughter of his youngest
son Henry I) became locked in a bitter struggle
for the English crown. ". The dynasty of Norman
kings ended on the death of King Stephen in
1154.
Back to the dynasties

6. Monarch Birth and Reign Married
Henry II
b.1133
son of-
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou
& Matilda of Normandy
r.1154-89
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Richard I
b. 1157
son of-
Henry II
&Eleanor of Aquitaine
r. 1189-99
Berengaria of Navarre
King John
b. 1167
son of-
Henry II
&Eleanor of Aquitaine
r. 1199-1216
(1)Isabel of Gloucester
(2)Isabella of Angouleme
Henry III
b.1207
son of-
King John
& Isabella of Angouleme r. 1216-
72
Eleanor of Provence
Edward I
b.1239
son of -
Henry III
&Eleanor of Provence
r. 1272-1307
(1)Eleanor of Castille
(2)Margaret of France
Edward II
b. 1284
son of-
Edward I
&Eleanor of Castille
r.1307-27
Isabella of France
Edward III
b1312
son of-
Edward II
&Isabella of France
r. 1327 -77
Philipa of Hainault
Richard II
b.1367
son of-
Edward, the Black Prince
& Joan of Kent
r.1377- 99
(1Anne of Bohemia
(2)Isabel of France
Henry IV
b.1366
son of
John of Gaunt
& Blanche of Lancaster
r.1399-1413
(1)Mary de Bohun
(2)Joan of Navarre
Henry V
b.1387
son of-
Henry IV
& Mary de Bohun
r. 1413- 22
Catherine of Valois
Henry VI
b.1421
son of-
Henry V
&Catherine of Valois
r 1422- 61 & 1470-71
Margaret of Anjou
Edward IV
b.1442
son of
Richard Duke of York
&Cecily Neville
r. 1461 -70 & 1471-83
Elizabeth Woodville
Edward V
b. 1470
son of-
Edward IV
&Elizabeth Woodville
r. 1483
Richard III
b. 1452
son of-
Richard Duke of York
& Cecily Neville
r. 1483-85
Anne Neville
The Plantagenet (Lancaster & York) Kings of England

7. The system of government at that time was known as the
feudal system. The king owned all the land, but divided this
between barons and the Church.
The House of
Plantagenet
The barons had their own private armies, and
agreed to pay taxes and fight for the king. They
lived in manors. The private armies which
they controlled were led by trained soldiers
known as knights, who would ride horses and
wear metal suits of armour to protect
themselves in battle. Yeomen were farmers, who were free but had to do some
work for the baron. And Serfs (peasants) were owned by the
baron and had to provide food in exchange for their security.
This created a class system: upper class, middle class and
working class.

8.  The Christian church became rich and powerful in England
and Wales under the Normans. Many churches and cathedrals
were built, including those at Chichester and Durham. The
headquarters of the Church in England was at Canterbury in
Kent. It made Geoffrey Chaucer wrote a famous long poem
about the stories of people travelling to the town with title The
Canterbury Tales.
The Pope (based in Rome) was the leader of the Christian church
in Europe. The lands around Jerusalem were regarded as holy by
Christians. This area was controlled by Arabs during the time of the
Dark Ages. The Pope ordered Christians to go there to attack the
Turks, and there were a number of wars known as the Crusades.
The dynasty produced such varied characters as the energetic
Henry II, and his legendary son, Richard the Lionheart, who
lead the Third Crusade against Saladin into the Holy Land

9. The legend of Robin Hood is
based on this period of history,
during the time when Richard
the First was away from England
fighting the Third Crusade
In this era the power of the king was
limited by an agreement known as the
Magna Carta in about 1200: this was the
starting point of the system of
democracy and of the legal system in
Britain
A parliament was later established. The early kings used to call
meetings of barons and bishops (this became the House of
Lords), but a second assembly was also created which included
local representatives (this became the House of Commons).

10. England and France spent many years fighting each other,
especially in the period known as the Hundred Years War. At
one time England ruled almost all of France, helped by victories at
the battles of Crécy in the time of Edward the Third and
Agincourt in the time of Henry the Fifth
France rebellion against the
English was led by Joan of
Arc, and by the end of the
middle Ages the English had
lost nearly all of the land in
France.
Peasant's Revolt happened when the king tried to increase
taxes to pay for the war against France, then peasants attacked their
lords and marched to London, asking for higher wages and their
freedom. Although the king promised to help them, the leaders of
the revolt were killed after they returned home.

11. • The Black Death was a
disease carried by rats which
spread through much of
Europe. About a third of the
population of Britain were
killed by this, with England
being affected particularly
badly. This meant there were
fewer serfs (peasants) to farm
the land, and those who
survived had to work harder
for no extra benefit.
Back to Dynasties

12.  The later Plantagenets became divided into the House of Lancaster
and House of York which descended through different sons of King
Edward III.
 There were a series of battles between the House of York (whose
family symbol was a white rose) and the House of Lancaster (whose
family symbol was a red rose), the leaders of which both wanted to
rule England. These fights were known as the Wars of the Roses.
 The final result was a victory for Lancaster's Henry Tudor (Henry the
Seventh) at Bosworth Field. He ended the fighting between the
families by marrying a member of the House of York. This was the start
of the Tudor period.
Lancaster & York
Back to Dynasties

13. Monarch Reign Married
Henry VII
b. 1457
son of Edmund Tudor
Earl of Richmond
&Margaret Beaufort
r. 1485-1509
Elizabeth of York
Henry VIII
b. 1491
son of-
Henry VII
& Elizabeth of York
r. 1509 -1547
(I)Catherine of Aragon
(2)Anne Boleyn
(3)Jane Semour
(4)Anne of Cleves
(5)Catherine Howard
(2)Catherine Parr
Edward VI
b.1537
son of-
Henry VIII
& Jane Seymour
r. 1547-1553
Jane Grey
b.1537
daughter of-
Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk
& Frances Brandon
r. 1553
Guildford Dudley
Mary I
b.1516
daughter of-
Henry VIII
& Catherine of Aragon
r. 1553 - 1558
Phillip II of Spain
Elizabeth I
b.1533
daughter of -
Henry VIII
& Anne Boleyn
r. 1558-1603
The Tudor Kings of England

14. Henry the Eighth was married to Catherine of Aragon, but
only had one daughter (Mary) in 18 years of marriage. Henry wanted
to divorce Catherine so that he could have a son, but the Pope
refused to allow this. He therefore created a separate Church
which did not regard the Pope as its leader. He married Anne
Boleyn, but she produced another daughter (Elizabeth). He
accused her of having a love affair and she was killed (beheaded).
He married Jane Seymour and had a son (Edward), but she died.
He married a German princess called Anne of Cleaves, but didn't
like her and had the marriage cancelled. Next he married
Catherine Howard, but she had a love affair and was killed
(beheaded). His sixth wife Catherine Parr managed to live longer
than Henry.
The male line of the Plantagenets became extinct with the
execution in 1499 of Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of George,
Duke of Clarence, in the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor.
Henry VIII’ wives :
"Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived”

15. 1. After Henry the Eighth
died and Edward the
Sixth became king, the
Protestant faith began to
become established in
England.
2. When Edward died, Mary the
First became Queen and tried to
convert the country back to the
Catholic Church, killing many
people who refused: for this
reason she is often known as
Bloody Mary. She was married
to the Spanish King Philip the
Second.
3. Elizabeth the First
became queen after Mary
died. She restored the
Protestant religion and
the Church of England
became established.
4. Sir Walter Raleigh went
to America and established
a new colony there called
Virginia (named after
Elizabeth, who was called
the Virgin Queen
because she never
married)
Back to Dynasties

16. Monarch Reign Married
James I & VI
b.1566
son of-
Henry Stuart
Lord Darnley
& Mary Queen of
Scots
r.1603-1625
Anne of Denmark
Charles I
b.1600
son of-
James I
& Anne of Denmark
r.1625-49
Henrietta Maria of France
Charles II
b.1630
son of-
Charles I
&Henrietta Maria
of France
r.1660-1685
Catherine of Braganza
James II & VII
b.1633
son of-
Charles I
&Henrietta Maria
of France
r.1685-1701
(1)Anne Hyde (2)Mary of Modena
William III
b.1650
son of-
William II of Orange
&Mary of Gt Britain
r.1688-1702
Mary II
Mary II
b.1662
daughter of
James II
& Anne Hyde
r.1688-94
William III
Queen Anne
b.1664
daughter of
James II
& Anne Hyde
r.1702-1714
George of Denmark
The Stuart Kings of England

17. James the First became the English king of house of stuart
after Elizabeth died. He was already the king of Scotland,
and united Scotland with England and Wales
James the first tried to force Catholics
to go to Protestant churches.
A group of Catholics planned to blow
up the Houses of Parliament when
James was there (on 5th November
1605)this was known as the Gunpowder
Plot.
But the plan was discovered and one
of the group called Guy Fawkes was
caught and burnt alive.
On the 5th November every year,
people celebrate the failure of the
Gunpowder Plot by burning a straw
man on a fire, and a display of
fireworks.

18.  The next king was Charles the First. He argued with Parliament,
particularly about taxes.
 Many people in the Parliament were Puritans, who wanted the
Church of England to adopt a simpler style of worship without
bishops and formal ceremonies. Some Puritans known as the Pilgrim
Fathers travelled to America to Massachusetts to follow their own
religion freely.
 There were more disagreements, and
fighting began between Royalists (known
as Cavaliers) who supported the king, and
Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads)
who supported Parliament. This was
known as the English Civil War.
 One of the main leaders of the Roundheads was
Oliver Cromwell (his statue can be seen in
Parliament Square in London, opposite the Houses
of Parliament)

19. In 1665 there was another spread of
disease in London and the south of
England known as the Great
Plague, and then in 1666 much of
London was destroyed by the Great
Fire of London.
Charles' brother became the next king, James the Second. He
was a Catholic and tried to change some of the laws against
people who were not Protestants
James became unpopular and was replaced by William and
Mary (Mary was James' daughter and William of Orange was
her husband, a Dutch Protestant prince).
Back to Dynasties

20. The Hanover Kings of England
Monarch Birth & Reign Married
George I
b.1660
son of -
Ernest Augustus
Elector of Hanover
&Sophia of the Palatine
r.1714 -1727
Sophia Dorothea of Celle
George II
b.1683
son of-
George I
& Sophia Dorothea
of Celle
r.1727-1760
Caroline of Anspach
George III
b.1738
son of-
Frederick
Prince of Wales
& Augusta of Saxe-
Gotha
r.1760-1820
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
George IV
b.1762
son of-
George III
& Charlotte of
Mecklenberg-Strelitz
r.1820 -!830
Caroline of Brunswick
William IV
b.1765
son of-
George III
& Charlotte of
Mecklenberg-Strelitz
r.1830-1837
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Queen Victoria
b.1818
daughter of-
Edward Duke of Kent
& Victoire of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield
r.1837-1901
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

21. During the reign of queen Anne, Scotland, England and Wales united,
creating Great Britain. Anne had 17 children but they all died as babies or
children. Her nearest Protestant relative was George from the House of
Hanover, in northern Germany. For over 100 years (from 1714 until 1830)
all of the kings were called George: George I, George II, George III and
George IV. This is known as the Georgian period.
During this time the
Parliament in Westminster
became increasingly
powerful. The role of Prime
Minister was established. The
first and longest serving
Prime Minister was Walpole
The two main political
parties during the
Georgian period were the
Tories (who usually
supported the King) and
the Whigs (who usually
supported the rights of the
land-owners and
Parliament).
 George the Third died in 1820. The Prince Regent (his eldest son)
became George the Fourth. Ten years later he died and his brother
became William the Fourth. (1765-1837)

22. Farming methods were
greatly improved: this is
known as the Agricultural
Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain: new
machines were invented to
make clothes.
Railways were built
throughout Britain.

23. THE VICTORIAN AGE
Victoria became Queen in 1837 when she
was 18 years old, and married a German
prince called Albert three years later.
Prince Albert died in 1861. After Albert's
death, Victoria always dressed in black
The Victoria Monument in front
of Buckingham Palace was built
to remember Queen Victoria,
who died in 1901.
Back to Dynasties
There were many advances in science during the Victorian
period. And many famous novels were written during this time.

24. Monarch Reign Married
Edward VII
b.1841
son of
Albert of
Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha
&Queen Victoria
r.1901-1910
Alexandra of Denmark
George V
b.1865
son of-
EdwardVII
&Alexandra of Denmark
r.1910-36
Mary of Teck
Edward VIII ;
b.1894
son of-
George V
&Mary of Teck
r.1936
Wallis Warfield Simpson
George VI
b.1895
son of-
George V
& Mary of Teck
r.1936-52
Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon
Elizabeth II
b.1926
daughter of-
George VI
&Elizabeth Bowes-
Lyon
r.1952-
Phillip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh
The Windsor Kings of England

25.  The House of
Windsor has
produced four
British sovereigns,
George V (1910-
1936), his son
Edward VIII (1936) ,
who abdicated the
throne to marry the
twice divorced
American Wallis
Warfield Simpson in
favor of his brother
George VI (1936-52)
and the present
Queen, Elizabeth II.
 The House of
Windsor came into
being in 1917, when
King George V,
formerly of the House
of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
concerned that his
Germanic sounding
surname would alienate
his British subjects at
the height of German
xenophobia during
World War I, changed
the name of his dynasty
to the more English
sounding, Windsor.

26. Thank You