1. Menu
Why Cite?
Plagiarism
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources Use the NEXT button below to move forward through the guide and the
BACK button to go back a slide, or choose a section from the menu on the
left.
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2. Menu
Why do we cite?
Why Cite?
When a scholar or researcher writes a research-based paper, new knowledge is
Plagiarism created. The credibility of the new knowledge depends on the credibility of the
sources that author uses. When we write research-based papers, we show our
sources because it gives greater authority to our conclusions.
Getting Started
Moreover, not citing sources can result in plagiarism. We’ll talk about ways to avoid
In-text Citations plagiarism in a moment.
Figures and Tables
References Page Why are there different styles?
Sample Paper In addition to APA, there are other styles: MLA, Chicago, Harvard, AMA, etc. Why so
many? Each style is ideal for a different type of scholarship. The Chicago style, for
example, is perfect for historians because of the way it handles footnotes. The AMA
Additional Resources
style, on the other hand, is better suited to medical research. This guide covers the
APA style, which is popular in the social sciences.
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3. Plagiarism
Menu You will want to avoid plagiarism at all cost. Whether it is intentional or
accidental, it makes no difference. The consequences for plagiarism can be severe.
Properly citing your sources is the best way to avoid it. The video below should
Why Cite? give you an overview.
Plagiarism
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
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Additional Resources
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4. Menu
Why Cite?
Getting Started
Plagiarism
In this section we will setting up our papers using basic APA formatting.
Getting Started Specifically, this section will cover:
In-text Citations 1. Margins
Figures and Tables 2. Font
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3. Line Spacing D
4. Cover Page Header
Sample Paper
5. Cover Page
Additional Resources 6. Second Page Header
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5. Menu
Margins
Why Cite?
APA requires 1 inch margins for top, bottom, right, and left. Here is how to check
Plagiarism your document’s margins in Word 2010. 1 inch margins will usually be selected by
default.
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
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References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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6. Menu Font
Why Cite?
APA asks you to use a 12 point serif font, preferably Times New Roman.
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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References Page
Sample Paper
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7. Menu Line Spacing
Why Cite? APA requires your paper be double-spaced. Click on the Home tab and select the
Line and Paragraph Spacing button. By default your document will be set to 1.15.
Plagiarism Change that to 2.0 (seen below).
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
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References Page
Sample Paper
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8. Menu Header
APA requires that you place “Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER” in the
Why Cite? left-hand corner of your paper and the page number in the right. Here’s
how to do this is Word 2010:
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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References Page
First go to the Insert tab (seen here).
Select Header, and then choose Edit
Sample Paper
Header.
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9. Header cont.
Menu Once we clicked Edit Header, the Header & Footer Tools tab opened up. This first
step is important: we need to check off the “Different First Page” box. This is
Why Cite? because APA requires that the first page header be slightly different than subsequent
pages.
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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We will add our page number first. Select “Page Number” and “Top of Page” as seen
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below. Choose the page number that runs to the far right.
Sample Paper
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10. Header cont.
Menu On the title page your header must be formatted like this: “Running head: TITLE OF
YOUR PAPER.” NOTE: for longer titles, use an abbreviated version.
Why Cite?
Once you have added your page number, immediately begin typing in your title (see
below).
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
Hit the Tab key on your keyboard once or twice to push your title to the left hand
side of your paper.
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11. Menu Header cont.
Close out of the header by clicking “Close Header and Footer” or by hitting the ESC
key on your keyboard.
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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D
Remember, the title page header is different than subsequent pages. Once we have
References Page finished our cover page and moved onto page two, we will need to add the header again.
This will be the heading for the remainder of your paper. Follow the same process as
Sample Paper before, except for the final step.
Additional Resources 1. Choose Insert tab
2. Select Header , then Edit Header
3. Add a page number
4. Type in your title in all capital letters. This time will are omitting “Running
header:”
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12. Menu Cover Page
Why Cite? The cover page of an APA formatted document includes the following information:
Plagiarism o Full title of your paper
o Your name
o Your institutional affiliation (ie, Carteret Community College)
Getting Started
Begin by hitting the enter key four to six times or until you’re about a third of the
In-text Citations way down the page. Your cover page must be centered, so select the center option
(seen below).
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References Page
Sample Paper
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13. Cover Page
Menu First type in your paper’s title and hit enter. Now type in your own name and hit
enter. Finally, type in: Carteret Community College. Your cover page should look
very similar to the one below:
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
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References Page
Sample Paper
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14. Menu Second Page header
Why Cite?
After finishing the cover page, you can hit the enter key until you drop to the second
Plagiarism page, or else select the Insert tab and hit Page Break. Either way, we are now on
page two.
Getting Started
Because we selected Different First Page on the header menu, we will need to add
In-text Citations our header again. So once more:
Figures and Tables
1. Select the Insert tab. D
References Page 2. Choose Header, and Edit Header.
3. Choose Page Number and select the right side page number.
4. In all capital letters type your papers name. NOTE: this time we are not
Sample Paper
adding “Running head:” to the title.
5. Hit the ESC key on your keyboard, or the Close Header & Footer button
Additional Resources instead.
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15. Abstract
Menu Once the new header is added to page two, you can add an abstract of your paper.
An abstract is a summary of the content of your paper.
Why Cite?
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1. Type and center “Abstract” on
Getting Started the first line
2. Without indenting, type in your
In-text Citations
abstract beginning on line two.
Figures and Tables 3. Immediately below the
abstract, indent and type D
References Page “Keywords:” in italics.
Sample Paper 4. Add keywords that describe the
content of your paper.
Additional Resources
5. Hit the enter key until you drop
to the third page, or else select
the Insert tab and hit Page Break.
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16. Menu Third Page
On the first line, type in the name of your paper, but this time not in all capitals. Hit
Why Cite? enter and then tab. You can now begin typing in the text of your paper. Your second
page should look very similar to the example below:
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Getting Started
3
In-text Citations
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References Page
Sample Paper
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17. Menu
In-text Citations
Why Cite?
Plagiarism Use in-text citations every time you reference information from an outside source.
Getting Started The general format for APA in-text citations is:
In-text Citations (author, year-of-publication)
If you are quoting directly from the source, you will also need to include the page
Figures and Tables
number. Cite it like this:
References Page
(author, year-of-publication, p.xxx)
Sample Paper Here’s a typical example:
Additional Resources Reading is best done in a well-lit area (Spence, 2003).
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18. Menu
In-text Citations
Why Cite?
Plagiarism When you refer to the author by name in your paper, you can leave the author’s
name out of the citation. Here’s an example:
Getting Started
Mayfield (2009) noted that the theory was first popularized in the early post-
In-text Citations war years.
Here’s an example where a direct quote is included:
Figures and Tables
As Christgau (2009) noted, “by second hearing its loveliness is almost literally
References Page haunting, an aural déjà vu” (p. 117).
Sample Paper The important thing is that you always include the author’s name, the publication
date, and when quoting directly, the page number. And when you include the
Additional Resources author’s name in your document, do not include it in the citation.
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19. Menu
Why Cite?
In-text Citations
Plagiarism
Getting Started What if your source has more than one author? Use the formats below:
In-text Citations One author (Wilson, 2011)
Two authors (Wilson & Love, 2011)
Figures and Tables Three authors (Wilson, Love, & Jardine, 2011)
Four authors (Wilson, Love, Jardine & Johnston, 2011)
Five authors (Wilson, Love, Jardine, Johnston, & Campbell, 2011)
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Six authors (Wilson et al., 2011)
Sample Paper
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20. Menu
Why Cite?
Longer Quotations
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At times you may need to quote an extended passage from a book. If the quote is
more than 40 words long, you need to use a block quote. Do not use quotation
Getting Started marks around block quotes. Finally, the citation goes outside the period that ends
the quote. Here’s an example:
In-text Citations
Christgau (2009) wrote:
Figures and Tables
Painfully crackpot and painfully sung, but also inspired, not least because it
References Page calls forth forbidden emotions. For a surrogate teenager to bare his growing
pains so guilelessly was exciting, or at least charming; for an avowed adult to
Sample Paper expose an almost childish naivete is embarrassing, but also cathartic; and for a
rock and roll hero to compose a verbally and musically irresistible paean to
Johnny Carson is an act of shamanism pure and simple. (p. 117)
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21. Menu Figures and Tables
In APA, any figures and tables you wish to include are not included in the main text
Why Cite? of your paper. Instead they are placed on a separate page(s) after the references
page. APA also states:
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• Figures and tables should not be included in your research papers if the figure or
table does not add substantively to the understanding of the paper or duplicates
Getting Started
other elements of the paper.
In-text Citations • All elements within the figure or table should be labeled or explained.
Figures and Tables • Figures and tables must be referenced in text and given proper credit in the
figure or table caption.
References Page
Sample Paper
In Text Examples
Additional Resources Etiam at turpis augue. Ut ut mattis arcu (see Figure 1). Phasellus mattis, risus eu
dapibus accumsan, enim turpis viverra erat, et adipiscing neque felis et metus (see
Table 1).
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22. Menu
4
Why Cite?
Plagiarism
Getting Started Figures
In-text Citations
and Tables cont.
Figures and Tables To the right is an example of a
figure and table. This page
would appear after the
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references page.
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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23. References Page
Menu Putting together a references page correctly is not difficult, but it does require some
attention to detail. Here is an example:
Why Cite?
Plagiarism 5
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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24. Menu References Page
To get started:
Why Cite? 1. On line one, type: References
2. Center it and go to line two
Plagiarism 3. Begin typing in your first reference. References must be in alphabetical
order, based on author’s last name. We can change the indentation to
Getting Started match the example below after we have typed them all in.
In-text Citations
6
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References Page
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25. Menu
Why Cite?
References Page
Plagiarism
Getting Started References are formatted differently depending on the format of your source, but all
APA references follow this basic pattern:
In-text Citations
Author, Date, Title, Publication information, Page number
Figures and Tables
This guide will cover book, periodical, and website referencing. See “Additional
resources” to find information on other formats.
References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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26. Menu
Book References
Why Cite?
Print books:
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Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Getting Started
Notice that we:
1. Use initials for the author’s first name.
In-text Citations
2. Italicize the title.
3. Capitalize only the first word of the title, with the exception of any proper
Figures and Tables nouns.
References Page Here are a couple of examples:
Sample Paper Hesse, H. (2008). The journey to the East. New Delhi, India:
Heritage.
Additional Resources
Nietzsche, F. (1998). Twilight of the idols, or, how to philosophize with a
hammer. New York, NY: Penguin.
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27. Menu
Book References
Why Cite?
eBooks:
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Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of work. Retrieved from
Getting Started http://www.xxxxxxxx
In-text Citations Notice that we still:
1. Use initials for the author’s first name.
2. Italicize the title.
Figures and Tables
3. Capitalize only the first word of the title, with the exception of any proper
nouns.
References Page 4. Replace the publisher information with the URL
Sample Paper Here is an example:
Additional Resources Nietzsche, F. (1998). Twilight of the idols, or, how to philosophize with a
hammer. Retrieved from
http://www.netlibrary.com/summary.asp?id=12314
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28. Menu
Why Cite?
Periodical References
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Print Articles
Getting Started Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, volume(issue), pp-pp.
In-text Citations
Notice that we:
Figures and Tables 1. Use initials for the author’s first name.
2. Italicize the periodical’s title, not the article’s title.
References Page 3. Capitalize only the first word of the article title, with the exception of any
proper nouns.
Sample Paper 4. Fully capitalize the periodical’s title.
Here is an example:
Additional Resources
Jung, C. (2011). Warming to the rising sun. Food Arts, 2(2), 62-65.
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29. Menu Periodical References
Why Cite?
Electronic Articles:
Plagiarism Author, A. A. (year of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume(issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Getting Started
NOTE: if you have the DOI number for an article, use that instead of the “Retrieved
In-text Citations from” line.
Figures and Tables Here are a couple examples. Notice in the first example we use a “Retrieved from”
link, while in the second we use the DOI number:
References Page
Alexander, C. (2011, March 23). Canes feeling loose. News &
Observer. Retrieved from http://www.newsobserver.com/
Sample Paper
Tsirlin, A. A. (2008). Irreversible microeconomics: Optimal
Additional Resources processes and equilibrium in closed systems. Automation & Remote
Control, 69(7), 1201-1215. doi:10.1134/S0005117908070114
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30. Menu
Website References
Why Cite?
Webpage on a Website:
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Author, A. A., & Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article or
Getting Started document. Title of Website. Retrieved from
http://www.xxxxxxxxxxx
In-text Citations
Notice that we:
1. Use initials for the author’s first name.
Figures and Tables 2. Capitalize only the first word of the article title, with the exception of any
proper nouns.
References Page 3. Fully capitalize (and italicize) the website’s name.
Sample Paper Here is an example:
Additional Resources Marshall, J. (2011, March 24). What could go wrong? Talking Points Memo.
Retrieved from http://talkingpointsmemo.com/
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31. References Page
Menu We should now have our references sorted alphabetically on our references page (as
seen below). APA requires that all references appear with hanging indentation. We
Why Cite? will now look at how to apply hanging indent to our references.
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
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32. References Page
Menu Highlight your references (as seen below)
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
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33. Menu References Page
With your references highlighted, click on the Paragraph dialog box.
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
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34. Menu References Page
Look for the drop box for “Special” indentation (seen below). Select “Hanging.”
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
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35. Menu References Page
Your references page should now be finished.
Why Cite?
Plagiarism
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
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36. Menu Sample Paper
A sample APA paper is included below. Just click on the paper.
Why Cite?
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Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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37. Menu
Why Cite?
Plagiarism Additional Resources
To see more examples of APA references, try here:
Getting Started
APA Reference examples
In-text Citations These online guides to APA may also be helpful:
Research and Documentation Online, APA guide
Figures and Tables Purdue Owl APA guide
References Page You can find additional APA sample papers here:
APA sample paper 2
Sample Paper APA sample paper 3
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38. Menu
Why Cite?
Plagiarism
Getting Started
In-text Citations
Figures and Tables
FINI
References Page
Sample Paper
Additional Resources
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