Dark circles or Eye circles are dark blemishes around the eyes. Also known as "eyebags" and "raccoon attack", there are many etiologies to cause this symptom, such as lack of sleep, heredity, and bruising.

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2. What You Should Know
Dark circles or Eye circles are dark blemishes around the
eyes.
Also known as "eyebags" and "raccoon attack", there are
many etiologies to cause this symptom, such as lack of sleep,
heredity, and bruising.
Known Causes
Heredity
In most cases the dark circles under the eyes are blood
vessels that can be seen through the skin.
The skin around the eyelids (periorbital skin) is the thinnest
skin in the body (around 0.5 mm thick compared with 2 mm
in other areas).
Like varicose veins, dark circles under the eyes are usually
an inherited trait.
When blood passes through the large veins close to the
surface of the skin it can produce a bluish tint.
The more transparent the skin—also an inherited trait—the
darker the circles appear.
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3. In people with a deep-set bone structure, shadowing
contributes to the dark color under the eyes.
Allergies, asthma, and eczema
Any condition that causes the eyes to itch can contribute to
darker circles due to rubbing or scratching the skin around
them.
Hay fever sufferers particularly will notice under-eye
"smudges" during the height of the allergy season. Some
food allergies can also cause the area under the eyes to
appear darker.
Anemia
The lack of nutrients in the diet, or the lack of a balanced
diet, can contribute to the discoloration of the area under the
eyes.
It is believed that lack of mineral iron can cause dark circles
as well.
Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia and this
condition is a sign that not enough oxygen is getting to the
body tissues.[citation needed]
The skin can also become more pale during pregnancy and
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4. menstruation (due to lack of iron), which again allow the
underlying veins under the eyes to become more visible.
Fatigue
A lack of sleep or excessive tiredness can cause paleness of
the skin, which again allows the blood underneath the skin to
become more visible and appear more blue or darker.'
Age
Dark circles are likely to become more noticeable and
permanent with age.
This is because as people get older, skin loses collagen and it
gets thinner, and more translucent.
Circles may also gradually begin to appear darker in one eye
rather than the other as a result of habitual facial
expressions, such as an uneven smile.
Medications
Any medications that cause blood vessels to dilate can cause
circles under the eyes to darken.
Because the skin under the eyes is very delicate, any
increased blood flow shows through the skin.
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5. Medical conditions
Another cause may be bad blood circulation. Cardio exercise
increases blood circulation and may help the dark circles to
disappear.'
Dark eye circles could be a sign of excessive loss of water
from the body (dehydration).
Periorbital hyperpigmentation is the official name for when
there is more melanin produced around our eyes than usual,
giving them a darker colour.
We have two main layers of skin, the outer layer of skin
(epidermis) and inner layer (dermis).
When excess melanin is being made in the epidermis it
appears brown, and when there is more than usual melanin
in the dermis it looks blue or blue grey.
Treatment
Although to date, there has been no end-all to curing or
reducing dark circles, there are many home-made
ingredients that can help make the dark circles less visible.
For example, it is said that putting teabags under the eyes,
application of a slice of raw potato under the eyes, drinking
plenty of fluids and a lot of rest can suffice.
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6. Dark circle eye cream can be used to change the coloration
of any exposed skin.
Vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine HCl will constrict the
capillaries resulting in the temporary reduction of the
appearance of dark circles.
Other vasoconstrictors such as tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
may offer similar temporary results.
Use should be limited in order to avoid a rebound effect.
Dark Circle Eye Cream