Bae Won Koh Handout

Case Study: 2030 Challenge and Beyond

Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED AP
Vice President, Director of Design
Innovative Design, Inc.
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School

Project Background
Topography of New Orleans


Project Background

New Orleans Section


Project Background

Flooded - Katrina Accessory Bldg


Project Background

Broadmoor Lives!
Broadmoor Neighborhood Revival

Active neighborhood leadership
reach out to various agencies
• Clinton Global Initiative
• Global Green
• NREL
• DOE
Wilson School relocated to
temporary facility


Project Background

Who’s involved?


Project Background
Recovery School District

Broadmoor Neighborhood
Association Lobby City Council
for one of five Recovery
School District Quick
Start Schools


Project Background
Original Design by E.A. Christy

Staff Architect for Orleans Parish School Board
1909-1940

• Original Structure Built in 1909
• Addition Built 3 years later
• One of 50+/- Schools Designed by Christy


Project Background
Original Design by E.A. Christy

Existing Building = Good Bones

• 3- Story Heavy Masonry with Plaster
• Wood Construction with Large Awning Windows
• 12’ Ceilings, 15’ Corridors
• Transom Windows – Cross Ventilation
• Terracotta Roof Tiles with Large Overhangs
• Cement Plaster walls and Ceilings
• T&G Wood Flooring


Project Background

west elevation

north elevation

Project Background

existing hallway
existing
classroom


Project Background
Program = 96,000 sq ft

Head Start – 8th Grade; 2 classes per grade
Multi-Media Center/Library
Music & Choral
Art Room
Gymnasium
Special Education
Cafetorium & Kitchen
Science Class
Computer Lab
Administrative
• Principal’s Suite, Asst. Principal's Suite w/ Counselors & Nurse,
Teacher’s Lounge, Conference Room, Maintenance Dept.


Project Background
Program
Original Program included a Neighborhood YMCA @ 60,000 sq ft
• No funding
• Too big for site

Designed to Preliminary Master Plan Program
• 20 Students per class
• 50 sq ft per student
• Too big for site

Redesigned to reuse existing classrooms @ 600-1000 sq ft
• Just Right
• More environmentally conscience
• Kept original framing – replaced plaster


Project Background
Site
Situated on one city block 300’ x 280’
• Retain mature oak trees
• 100% Runoff
• Pumping system designed to take runoff
• Paving and subsurface drainage to recharge groundwater
• Collect roof runoff in cistern, use for landscape irrigation
Replace damaged one story structure with new 3 story wing
• Creates protected courtyard for playground w/ basketball hoop
• Front and side yards fenced for Toddlers / play equipment segregated
from older children
Exterior science classroom design – wetland retention pond populated with
native plants for water filtration
• Not funded


Project Background

Site
Redevelopment of
Existing Site
Porous Pavement
reduces runoff by
50%
Bicycle Racks
Major portion of
existing building
facing E & W


Project Background

West Elevation


Project Background

North Elevation


Project Background

South Elevation


Project Background

East Elevation


Project Details

Project Challenges & Collaboration
Clinton Global Initiative & USGBC brought focus to
sustainable strategies, provided free LEED NC
workshops for all RSD contracted Architects,
Designers and consultants
USGBC paid LEED registration fees, monitored
progress
State provide Commissioning Corp.
NREL & DOE helped develop daylighting calcs for
systems design
Global Green provided seed money for special
projects


Project Details

Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)
Global Green Funding – Model School
9 Solar Domestic Hot Water panels that will be installed above the
•
kitchen to serve 90% of the hot water demand for the kitchen.

One 12,000-gallon above ground cistern that will collect and store
•
rainwater for irrigation purposes.

Web-based display technology that will illustrate energy and water
•
usage. The school will be able to use the data for educational purposes
and to monitor carbon offset.

Wetland habitat with 90% native species to serve as an outdoor
•
educational classroom and to reduce the quantity and improve the
quality of storm water leaving the site.

Interpretive signage to be posted in and around the school to identify
•
and provide information about the school's green technology.

Project Details

Wetland Design


Project Details

MEP Engineers had little experience in green building
Needed sustainable goals established at early stage – Energy and
•
Water efficiency goals
Needed various documents to keep them on board
•
Responsibility Matrix
•
Sustainable Goals Narratives
•
Lighting Control Table
•
ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Comfort documentation and samples
•
CO2 Monitoring Guidance
•
Innovative ran Daysim analysis
•
Innovative ran e-Quest DOE-2 model
•
Innovative reviewed their equipment selection
•
Innovative introduced ICLS design guidance
•
Innovative provided schematic diagrams of Photovoltaics, Solar Hot
•
Water, Web-monitoring and Rainwater Collection
Needed to prove to engineers prior to owner – i.e. Payback from
•
occupancy sensor and daylight sensor


Project Details
FEMA required flood proofing first floor per TB 3-93


Project Details
Reverse swimming pool & storm gates
•


Project Details
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Reuse of existing classroom spaces minimized rework
of building – ENHANCED REUSE
Salvage the historic quality of the spaces,
• Maintain cultural continuity
• “I went to school where my grandparents went to
school!”
Expanded the presence of the school in the
neighborhood
• Opportunities for community use after school
hours
Separate entrances for communal spaces
•
Catalyst for continued community development
•
and reinforcement of neighborhood bond


Green Design Strategies

How to meet 2030 Challenge
Target
Key strategies
Energy Modeling results
Key daylighting designs and analysis
Steps to reduce further



Target

2030 EnergyStar RSD’s
Challenge Target Finder Requirement
50% below 90 30% below
CBECS 2003 ASHRAE 90.1-
(West South 2004
Central)
30.7 kbtu/sf/yr 28.2 kbtu/sf/yr 35.8 kbtu/sf/yr

Design Case
31.2 kbtu/sf/yr



Efficient
Orientation Thermal Daylighting
Envelope

Efficient
Efficient Thermal
Lighting &
HVAC Mass
Control

Solar
Water PV
Heating



Energy Modeling Result

61.5

51.1

43.4 41.6
35.0 33.5
Kbtu/sf/yr

32.5 31.2



Orientation

Btu/SF Glass/day - 32° Latitude



Efficient Thermal Envelope
High SRI value (=110) roof coating
R-30 Roof and Wall Insulation (Code: R-13 for roof
and R-0 for wall)

Cont. Spray Foam
Closed Cell (R-6.75/in)



Open-cell spray foam insulation added to existing
masonry exterior walls (R-30 in 12 inch furring)
CMU walls for thermal mass

Cont. Spray Foam
Open Cell (R-3.5/in)



Radiant Barrier to existing building roof
Low-E argon filled glazing in view windows

SHGC = 0.40 (Max.)

Tvis = 0.74 (Min.)




51.1

43.4 41.6



Daylighting
Keys to Good Daylighting?

Consider human factors
•
Consider the energy ramifications
•
Account for site constraints and benefits
•
Select well-integrated daylighting strategies
•
Optimize the most appropriate daylighting
•
strategies
Accurately simulate daylighting performance
•
Verify and modify your design process
•



Daylighting

Human factor - 2/3 of occupied hours to turn lights
off to impact behavioral pattern
Selective strategies per function, depth, orientation
and darkening requirement
Selective glazing



Why Daylighting?

Reducing your operating cost
Increasing productivity
Designing buildings that teach
Protecting our environment
Designing for health, safety and comfort
Supporting community values



½ heat
Why Daylighting?
same light

Reduce cooling
equipment sizes to
account for smaller
lighting load

Efficacy: Lumens / Watt



Daylighting
Eliminate direct beam radiation from entering critical
spaces
Consider the need to darken spaces
Don’t count on low glass



Daylighting
Optimize overhang for winter heat gain and summer
sun angle
Consider installing 10 footcandles less light in daylit
spaces that naturally provide at least this amount,
even on snowy, overcast days
…. unless night time use dictates full light levels



Daylighting
• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance
Application Exposure Type

south clear double, low-e

north clear double, low-e
view glass
(non-daylighting apertures)
east/west - unshaded tinted double, low-e

east/west - shaded clear double, low-e
clear double or triple w/ B-B-G
windows above lightshelves south or interior lightshelves and clear
double
high windows above view
north clear double
glass

roof monitors south clear double



Daylighting
• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance

Glass Transmittance

100

90

80

Transmittance in percent
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
300 400 600 900 1900
Wavelength in nanometers



Daylighting
Low-e glazing will require 10% to 30% more
glazing area and component
Glazing Type VLT Glazing Area Factor
Clear- double .80 1.0
Low-e (10% reduction) .72 1.1
Low-e (30% reduction) .56 1.4
Clear-double w/ BBG .52 1.5
Clear-triple w/ BBG .45 1.8
1” fiber filled .30 2.7
2-3” fiber filled .20 4.0



Daylighting
Slope ceiling to enhance light reaching deeper
Rule-of thumb: Add one-half of a percentage
point to g-t-r ratio if ceiling is flat

Drop ceiling


Project Background

Daylighting
• Various daylighting strategies per room functions,
orientations, height and room depths
• Photo sensors and dimming ballasts
• Occupancy sensors
• Careful interior color selections
Color Reflectance
Gloss White 75%
Semi-gloss White 70%
Light Green* 53%
Kelly Green* 49%
Medium Blue* 49%
Medium Yellow* 47%
Medium Orange* 42%
Medium Green* 41%
Medium Red* 20%
Medium Brown* 16%
Dark Blue-Grey* 6%
Dark Brown* 12%


Daylighting
Complement daylighting with appropriate lighting
fixtures and controls
Implement continuous dimming or staged lighting
control strategies


Daylighting
Lamp, dimming control, and ballast must be
compatible.
Manufacturers don’t have data on the effects of low-
level dimming on lamp life.
Make sure lamps within the fixture are wired
correctly (series vs. parallel). Parallel creates higher
voltage.
Your controls should not kick in at a “high” dimming
level – start at full light/full power and dim down to
appropriate level.


Daylighting
6 feet is maximum distance between ballast and
lamp.
Improper seating of the lamp into the socket creates
arching and shortening of lamp life.
Stopping dimming at 20% may produce better lamp
life.



Daylighting Design Tools

Utilize design tools that can simulate hourly
performance
Import hourly schedule to DOE-2 model to simulate
energy saving from daylighting

Daylite Solarsoft
Daysim National Research Council, Canada
Lumen Micro 2000 Lighting Technology Inc.
Radiance USDOE/University of California
Superlite University of Michigan



Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling

Exterior Lightshelf + Blinds Between Glass
Occupancy Sensor + Indirect Lighting + Task
Lighting

SLOPED
CEILING

Offices




Reversed Blinds
Between Glass

30 degrees




Utilize separate window treatment for lower (view)
glass



Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling

Exterior Lightshelf + Interior Lightshelf
Occupancy Sensor + Photosensor

SLOPED
CEILING

Classroom
& Library



Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling


Project Details
Computer Lab


Project Details
Library/Media Room


Project Details
Cafeteria



Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling

Roof Monitor + Overhang + Fabric Baffles

SLOPED
CEILING

Music & Gymnasium
Chorus



Translucent baffles to block direct beam radiation and
diffuse sunlight



High SRI roof enhances daylighting 20-30%
Modified bituminous roof – “white” doesn’t always
provide high SRI value. Specify “highly reflective”
coating.


Project Details
Choir Room


Project Details
Gymnasium


Project Details
South Exterior



Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms

Vertical Fabric Baffles + Interior Lightshelf
Limited w/ existing fenestration size and profile

Classrooms




West

East


Utilize directional (angled) translucent baffles to stop
direct beam and bounce light deeper into space


West Classroom




Daylighting – North, Classrooms

Limited w/ existing fenestration size and profile

Classroom
s



Daylighting – North, Classrooms



Daylighting

41.6

35.0



Efficient Lighting and Control
Lighting Power Density

Engineer’s SD:
over 2 W/sf
3 rows w/
(3)-T8 lamp fixtures

Final Design:
1.1 W/sf
2 rows w/
(2)-T5HO lamp fixtures




Indirect Lighting

Classrooms Offices




Daylight & Occupancy Sensors

Payback estimate
•
Integrated system selection
•




35.0 33.5



Efficient HVAC

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Heat Recovery Enthalpy Wheel in AHUs

Dedicated Units for Office Suites for Extended Hours

High Efficiency Boilers and Air-Side Chillers



Efficient HVAC

33.5 32.5



Solar Domestic Hot Water
Estimate Notes/Range
Application type - Service hot water
System configuration - With storage
Building or load type - School w/ showers
Number of units Student 500
Rate of occupancy % 100% 50% to 100%
Estimated hot water use (at ~60 °C) L/d 3,400
Hot water use L/d 3,400
Desired water temperature °C 60
Days per week system is used d 5 1 to 7
Cold water temperature - Auto
Minimum °C 16.8 1.0 to 10.0
Maximum °C 22.5 5.0 to 15.0
Months SWH system in use month 12.00
Energy demand for months analysed MWh 41.37
therm 1,411.60
Return to Energy Model
sheet

© Minister of Natural Resources
Version 3.1 Canada 1997-2005. NRCan/CETC - Varennes



Photovoltaics



SDHW & PV

32.5 31.2



Steps To Reduce Further
Plug-in load reduction
• EnergyStar appliances
• Vending Machines
Operational Consciousness
• Behavioral Shift
• Conscious Scheduling
• Conscious Purchase
• Automatic Turn-Off
More Renewable Energy


Project Background

Key Green Strategies
Stormwater control
• Rainwater collection from the roof
• Permeable paving in courtyard
• Bioswales and rain gardens
• Constructed wetland


Project Background

Rainwater Reuse Studies
• Various scenarios – Toilets vs Irrigation
• Goal was to collect 95% of rainwater off new
addition and reuse for toilet flushing and irrigation
• Jurisdiction didn’t allow for building use
• Irrigation only

Underground, 20000 gal vs. Above ground, 12000 gal


Project Background

Permeable Paving in Courtyard
• The amount of liquid asphalt is critical to obtain
permeability AND strength.
• Flow Rate = 140 gal/min/sf


Project Background

Bioswales and Constructed Wetland
• Goal was to treat 100% stormwater
• Broadmoor loves it. Potential community project.



Energy Efficient Building Shell
R-30 Roof
R-30 Wall
Lightshelf Insulation & SRI-
Insulation 110 Roof
Membrane
Clear
Daylight
Low-e Argon Windows Photovoltaics
View
Windows


Project Background

Water Efficiency
• Rainwater reuse for irrigation
• High efficiency flush valves
• Process water use reduction in kitchen

Baseline – Annual Water 948,953 gallons
Consumption
Design-Annual Water 559,090 gallons
Consumption
Total Water Saving 41.1% (3 Points of
WE3)


Project Background

Renewable Energy
• 2.4kW Photovoltaics
• Solar domestic hot water


Project Background

Material Selections & Reuse
• Existing building reuse
• Recycled contents
• Local materials
• Low/no-VOC materials
Construction Practices
• Construction Waste Management Plan required
• IAQ Management Plan required
Indoor Environments
• Acoustics
• Thermal comfort


Project Background

Building as a Teaching Tool
• Web-based monitoring system
• Interpretive signs
• Sundial
• Education sessions for students and staff
80%
70%
70%
60%
50%
50%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
Reading Hearing Seeing Seeing Seeing
Hearing Hearing
Experiencing


Project Background

Web-based monitoring system
• Total Electricity, Gas & Water Usage
• Weather Station, PV, Solar Hot Water, Rainwater,
Daylighting
Internet Users

Data logger

Kiosk w/ Server

Project Background

Interpretive Signs Throughout Site
• Overall Green Design
• Rainwater Reuse
• Stormwater Treatment
• Photovoltaics
• Materials & Resources Reuse
• Daylighting
• Solar Hot Water
• Energy Efficiency


Project Background

Sundial


Project Background

Education Sessions for Students and Staff
• Tour for entire students
• Brochure
• Easy-to-read Operation Manual for Users


Project Background

LEED Gold Targeted

Yes Maybe
SS 8 6
WE 3 3
EA 10 1
MR 5 6
EQ 8 8 Certified 29~36
ID 4 2 Silver 37~43
Gold 44~57
TOTAL 38 26 Platinum 58~79


Contact Information

Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED AP
Vice President, Director of Design
Innovative Design, Inc. (Tel) 919-832-6303
e-mail: koh@innovativedesign.net
www.innovativedesign.net


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