Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Proven Renewable Energy Technology Author: Greg Tinkler, Redding Linden Burr Consulting Engineers

1. Geothermal Heat Pumps A Proven Renewable Energy Technology by Greg Tinkler, CGD

2. While Earth travels through Space…

3. … it Absorbs Energy from the Sun

4. This natural Energy Collection and Storage System captures nearly 50% of the Solar Energy falling on Earth… … thus maintaining a nearly Constant Temperature throughout the year just below the surface

5. Water is an incredibly efficient medium for transporting Thermal Energy 1 Btu will raise 1 lb (approx. 1 pint) of water up 1 degree Fahrenheit

6. 2,000 lbs of ICE- How many Tons does it take to melt?

7. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth, and Water using proven technology… … to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space-conditioning system” (according to U.S. EPA 1993)

8. Geothermal Heat Pump Basic Principles

10. AVERAGE GROUND WATER TEMPERATURES WHICH IS EASIER TO REJECT HEAT TO ? 99 DEGREE AIR OR 72 DEGREE DIRT

11. The Earth is an Efficient Place to Reject Heat in Summer… Outdoor air design temperature: 98°F in summer 74°F 72°F Insulating layer of earth A geothermal heat pump cools the building in summer by rejecting heat into the earth Delta T = $ to operate!!!

12. … and is the Source of Stored Heat in Winter… Outdoor air design temperature: 31.5°F in winter 72°F 80°F Insulating layer of earth A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the earth during winter and transfers it into the building Delta T = $ to operate!!!

13. … using Heat Pump Technology A geothermal heat pump is connected to a sealed water piping loop buried in the earth near the building When water exiting the heat pump is pumped through the ground loop, it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the earth surrounding it Insulating layer of earth

14. Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency One unit of energy from the grid Plus: 4 units of energy from the earth Yields: 5 units of energy for the building 500% Efficient

15. Geothermal Heat Pumps Exchange Heat between Air and Water $1 Worth of Electricity to Operate the Compressor and Fan Moves $5 Worth of Heat from the Water Delivering $6 Worth of Heat into the Air Heating Mode Shown Heat can be “pumped uphill” meaning delivered at a higher temperature than the source $4 $1 $5

16. Geothermal Heat Pumps Heat or Cool on Demand and also Produce Hot Water Operates on the Same Principle as a Refrigerator Cooling Mode Shown 160F Hot water is produced whenever the unit is operating $4 $5 $1

17. Heat Pumps Are All Around Us… Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen B B B HEAT HEAT

18. INDOOR COMPONENTS Horizontal Units Vertical Units

19. Geothermal Heat Exchanger Installation Methods

20. Vertical Closed-Loop A pair of pipes with a special U-bend assembly at the bottom is placed into bore holes from 100 to 400 feet deep

21. Horizontal Closed-Loop A piping array is installed in trenches cut 3 to 5 feet deep and hundreds of feet in length

22. Surface Water Closed-Loop A piping array is submerged in a pond or lake at least 12 feet deep

23. Ground Water Open-Loop Well water from an underground aquifer is pumped through the geothermal heat pump and then returned to the aquifer or discharged to the surface

24. Vertical Closed-Loop Installation Drilling Pipe Loop Insertion Heat Fusing Inside Connection

26. STAGE 3: CONNECTION WITH THE BUILDING Main connection to the building Interior piping network connects all the Water Source Heat Pumps to the EHX

27. Geothermal Hybrid System - Summer

28. Residential Geothermal Hybrid System

33. Electric Utility Perspective And CASE STUDIES

34. Garrett Office Buildings Edmond, Oklahoma

35. Garrett Office Buildings Annual Energy and HVAC Maintenance Costs 2006-2007 55% Operational Cost Savings

36. Garrett Office Buildings Annual Energy Use 2006-2007 47% Site Energy Savings

37. Garrett Office Buildings Annual CO 2 Emissions 2006-2007 28% Carbon Emissions Reduction

38. Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Energy Use

39. Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Peak Demand

41. Metered KWH’s Geothermal vs Conventional Fast Food Store 2008 31 17 21 17 10 14 10 11 10 (Conventional Store Kwh’s Percent more than Geothermal Store)

42. Geothermal Heat Pumps are one of the Most Effective and Deployable… … producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies (EPA, 1993)