Deconstruction Architecture

ABSTRACT

“When

we deconstruct anything, we simply do
not destroy, dissolve or cancel the legitimacy of
what we will be constructing”.

-Jacques Derrida-

INDEX
1
2
3
4
5

• INTRODUCTION

• PHILOSOPHY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
• CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION - What?


It is an architectural movement that began in the early 1980s.



It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction".



It is characterized by fragmentation, and interest in manipulating a structure's surface or
skin through transform the basic Volumes of architecture (Cube, Cuboid, Pyramid & sphere)
in order to recombine it in a new hybrid shapes.
Fragmentation

Basic Shape

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Recombining

Transformation

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION - Why?


Deconstructivism rejected the postmodern acceptance of the historical
references, as well as the idea of ornament as an after-thought or decoration.

Postmodern

Modern

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Deconstruction

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION - Goals


Deconstructivism attempts to move away from the supposedly constricting
'rules' of modernism such as:

form follows function

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Purity of form

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

Truth to materials

CRITIQUES

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Deconstructivism came to public notice with the 1982 Parc de la Villette
architectural design competition.



(especially the entry from Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman and Bernard
Tschumi's winning entry).

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



The Museum of Modern Art’s (MoMA) 1988 Deconstructivist Architecture
exhibition in New York, organized by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley.

Philip Johnson

Mark Wigley

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



and the 1989 opening of the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, designed by
Peter Eisenman.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



The New York exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem
Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and Bernard
Tschumi.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Since the exhibition, some architects associated with Deconstructivism have
distanced themselves from it.



Nonetheless, the term has stuck and has come to embrace a general trend within
contemporary architecture.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


Deconstruction is a literary
theory and philosophy of
language derived principally
from Jacques Derrida's 1967
work Of Grammatology.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


the clearest explanation on Derrida’s thinking, which I also found
to be notoriously difficult. it’s fundamental to Derrida’s
extraordinary view of the world that nothing has much meaning
anyway.



That’s why he struggles so hard not to communicate with us; he
actually intends it to be difficult for us to find out what he says, if
he has anything to say at all!



Many attempts to explain or to analyze Deconstruction have been
violently rebutted on the grounds that such approaches violate the
very nature of Deconstruction.



Its proponents insist that "it cannot be described and stated as
other positions can" because it is a new form of logic that has
superseded the old traditional logic in which such analyses are
couched.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

Analyze
Describe

PHILOSOPHY


Derrida tends to work not so much by initiating ideas as by reacting, forcibly, to what
others have written already.



In each case Derrida aims to refute thinkers with arguments derived from the author’s
own writings, to demonstrate -successfully in many cases- that the very premises on
which the authors base their cases will, if pursued to their logical conclusions, defeat the
original arguments.



Deconstruction, after all, is literally concerned -as Derrida insists- with written texts. His
attacks are especially focused on subjects such as:
Subjects

1. Metaphysics

INTRODUCTION

2. Clarity

3. Logocentrism

PHILOSOPHY

4. Meaning

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

5. Feelings

CHARACTERISTICS

6. Binary
Thinking

CRITIQUES

7. Phonocentrism

8. Palimpsest

PHILOSOPHY


Metaphysics is the age-old search for “truth” and the
“essence of being” that has been the center of
occidental Philosophy.


INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Derrida despises this search through the centuries
for the ultimate truth, for the reason of our existence
& the idea that there should be some kind of
"absolute knowledge", "prime mover" or "God".

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


This is relevant to architecture in that, for Derrida, there is no
"one best way", no "International Style", no roots from which
all architecture has grown. So there are no received truths Classical, Modernist or other.

Absolutes
in
Architecture

Absolute
knowledge

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


To "deconstruct" at all -program,
form or structure- is to
demonstrate one's view that there
are no absolutes in architecture,
that attempts, such as
Heidegger's (in philosophy) or
Le Corbusier’s, Wright’s and
others (in architecture) to find
such absolutes are doomed to
failure.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

Church of the year 2000, Rome by Eisenman.
(Deconstruction itself rejects the existence
of God)

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY



Clarity in Structuralist predecessors is to write
simply, directly, clearly and unambiguously,


INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Derrida is part of the Post-Structurlist movement
that strongly reacted against the clarity.

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY

Ambiguous
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY




“It is my evident desire to insinuate my thoughts
into your brain, and thus ‘colonize’ your mind! That
is why they write deliberately in such an unclear,
diffuse, incoherent and ambiguous way that will
get you so angry that, in your struggle to
understand, you will be forced into having your own
thoughts.” -Broadbent-.
Deconstructivist architecture is ambiguous as a
Deconstructivist text, whereas clarity is what we see
when analyzing Modern architecture, simplicity in
its structure, coherence in its programme.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

Diffuse
incoherent
Ambiguous

Struggle to
Understand

Give up

Accept as it
is

PHILOSOPHY


Robert Venturi, an exponent of
Post-Modernism, had
demonstrated a parallel kind of
thinking in architecture when in
"Complexity and Contradiction"
(1966) he attacked "Modernist
transparency".

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

Outside of a building should not be molded
according to its inside logic

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY



INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Logocentrism: analyzing the structure of our
language -in believe that language is what allows us
to think- to unveil the structure of our thoughts and
thus arrive at those "ultimate truths".

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


Derrida despises Logocentrism and even rejects any relationship
between a word and its meaning. That is why he uses words in any
way he pleases, and makes it so difficult for us to understand him.



He wants words (and presumably buildings) to literally have no
single meaning.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


He sees Deconstruction as
our attempt to recover from
the Tower of Babel! “The
builders of the Tower
sought political domination
by imposing on the world
their universal language
and their universal
architecture, exactly as
Modern Architecture.
Tower of Babel

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY
 According

to Derrida, our aim
should not have been to find
another "only absolute" view but
to seek a diversity of views.” This
is a view clearly contrary to that
of Modernism.

Some architects took literally the notion of no single
meaning and tried to create buildings with no meaning
at all, organized according to pure geometric rules that
would convey no meaning.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY



INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Meaning: “Syntagmatic / Associative” ,“Signifier /
Signified” Saussure, like many others before him,
tended to think in pairs, or "binary oppositions".

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


The denial of meaning from Derrida was taken by Deconstructivist
architects and translated as an architecture of pure "syntax" without
any "semantic" meaning.



Eisenman's aim when designing
most of his early buildings was this,
he used extremely pure, geometric
"syntaxes" with no semantic
references of the kind we loosely call
"meaning".
Semantic architecture
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Peter Eisenman says: "People have been concerned with
relating themselves to their physical environment as a
source of security. I believe that if the physical
environment makes them anxious they might turn inward
and the true source of security is internal. The physical
environment can never provide that, it can provide
physical comfort, shelter, but it can never provide
psychological shelter."

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

PHILOSOPHY


When it comes to Eisenman buildings, he creates a really disturbing
spacing completely dislocated and every time you don't know
where you are, or at what level you are, you never know.



For Heinrich Klotz, Deconstruction
is "an indication of how we perceive
our lives today and a good part of it is
the uncertainty we feel".

Eisenman is concerned in causing an
uncertainty in people
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Classification
Deconstruction
Style

Layering

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

Organic
(Curvilinear)

Angular

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

Chaos

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Common


No physically pure basic volume.



Fragmented Mass.



New Material (Metals, Glass, Concrete).



Complicated Structure, and thus advanced structural systems.



Relatively high Void percentage.



Open Plan.



Distinguishing from Context.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Layering

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Definition: essentially based on
fragmenting pure basic Volumes into
vertical & horizontal Planes which
create different layers.
Fragmentation

Basic Shape

INTRODUCTION

Recombining

Transformation

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Notable Architects:


Nationality: American.


Born: 1934.


Qualifications: BCS of Architecture
degree from Cornell University.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Lines: Straight parallel lines & Arch.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Corners: Right Angle.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Still visually.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Articulation: through relation between layers & Masses.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Openings: by Subtraction & Addition.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Angular

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Definition: essentially consists of
complicated composition of hybrid
volumes with Acute angles.
Fragmentation

Basic Shape

INTRODUCTION

Recombining

Transformation

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Notable Architects:




Born: 1946.


Qualifications: BCS of Architecture
degree from University of Essex.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Lines: Almost Straight Non-parallel lines.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Corners: Acute angles.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5
Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Disappear.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Articulation: through relation between Masses.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Openings: Mainly by Subtraction .
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Organic

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



complicated sculptured volumes
with curvy lines.
Fragmentation

Basic Shape

INTRODUCTION

Recombining

Transformation

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Notable Architects:


Nationality: Iraqi-British.


Born: 1950.


Qualifications: BCS of Architecture degrees
from Architectural Association in London.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Lines: Curvy lines.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Corners: Almost No Corners but curves.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Articulation: sculpturing.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Openings: Mainly by Subtraction.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Chaos

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



complicated composition of hybrid
volumes with wide variety of lines &
angles.
Fragmentation

Basic Shape

INTRODUCTION

Recombining

Transformation

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Notable Architects:


Nationality: Canadian-American.


Born: 1929.


from University of Southern California.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Lines: Both Straight & Curvy lines.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Corners: Both Right &Acute angles & curves.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Articulation: through relation between Masses.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

1
2
3

4
5

Openings: by Subtraction & Addition.
INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Other Notable Architects:





Born: 1932.



Qualifications: Ph.D. of Architecture degrees
from the University of Cambridge.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES








Born: 1944.



from ETH in Zurich.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES





Nationality: Austrian.



Born: 1942.



Qualifications: Ph.D. of Architecture degrees from
Southern California Institute of Architecture.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES





Nationality: Polish.



Born: 1944.



Qualifications: BCS of Architecture degrees from
Architectural Association in London.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES



Notable Architects:


Nationality: Dutch.


Born: 1944.


from Architectural Association in London.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


Certainly arrowheads directed to School of Architecture
deconstruction is ready, and the most important principle
of causality or function architecture, it is possible to
find a column in the dining room unnecessarily, or find a
weapon of iron and glass cutter roof of the building
without a cause functional convincing except for the art
form outside.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


As well as the abandonment of the cultural heritage of
civilization, it approaches disassembly abandon motifs
and architectural elements and replace it with other
elements sharp and vehicle and shocking to the eye.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


Geometric movement calling for the demolition of all the
bases Engineering Alakulaidsah.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


Calls for the dismantling
of facilities to the parts.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


Difficult to understand for the general public.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


work needs to be seen by reading about it.

Theo Van
Doesberg
Wall house

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


You need to understand a catalog of ideas.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

CRITIQUES


Building cracker and asymmetry and non-consistency.

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS

CRITIQUES

Done by:
Husam AlMuzainy
Alaa Albdour
Ali Athamneh
Abdullah Odat
Ahmad Sdoudi

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