In this booklet, students may learn the most important English grammar rules. It focused on the parts of speech. The grammar collected from some English grammar website such as "English Page" /www.englishpage.com I tried to make it more easier for the students to study from one source.

1. English Grammar Competition
Booklet
“Parts of speech”
By: Hussain Saeed Al-ghawi
2018-2019

2. 1
Parts of Speech
1. Noun/‫االسماء‬
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals,
places, ideas, or events.
‫االشخاص‬ ‫اسماء‬ ‫على‬ ‫تطلق‬ ‫االنجليزية‬ ‫باللغة‬ ‫االسماء‬،‫االماكن‬ ،‫الحيوانات‬ ،‫االشياء‬ ،.‫المناسبات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫او‬ ‫االفكار‬ ‫و‬
Examples/‫:أمثلة‬
▪ Ali is very handsome. (The word “Ali” refers to a name of a person.)
▪ Dogs can be extremely cute. (The word “dogs” refers to a name of an animal.)
▪ It is my birthday. (The word “birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.)
Parts of
speech
Nouns
Verbs
Pronouns
Adjective
AdverbPreposition
Conjection
Article
Interjection

3. 2
There are different types of nouns namely/ ‫هناك‬‫تصنيفات‬‫هي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األسماء‬ ‫من‬ ‫مختلفة‬ :
▪ Proper Nouns: always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons,
places, or things. Examples: Ahmed, Riyadh, English.
.‫اعاله‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫كما‬ ‫غيرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫االشياء‬ ‫و‬ ‫االماكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫االشخاص‬ ‫اسماء‬ ‫على‬ ‫تطلق‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االسماء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫هي‬
▪ Common Nouns: are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons,
things, or places. Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series
‫الشركة‬ ‫نحدد‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫السيارة‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫نطلق‬ ‫مثال‬ ، ‫اكثر‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫االسماء‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫حيث‬ ،‫السابق‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫عكس‬ ‫االسماء‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬
‫لها‬ ‫المصنعة‬‫موديلها‬ ‫او‬
▪ Countable Nouns Examples: teacher - school – city – country
▪ Uncountable Nouns Examples: rice – water – milk – grammar – money
= ‫(مدرسة‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫او‬ ‫مفردة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اسماء‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المعدودة‬ ‫االسماء‬ . ‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫المعدودة‬ ‫االسماء‬ ‫يخص‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬‫مدارس)و‬
‫حرف‬ ‫بإضافة‬ ‫تمتاز‬(S.‫فقط‬ ‫المفرد‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫في‬ ‫اال‬ ‫تأتي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫فهي‬ ‫المعدودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫االسماء‬ ‫اما‬ .‫منها‬ ‫الجمع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫لتوضيح‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫على‬ )
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2. Adjective/‫الصفات‬
This part of speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the
quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.
Examples:
▪ I have two cars. (Two: is an adjective which describes the number of the noun “cars.”)
▪ Wow! That doughnut is huge! (Huge: is an adjective which describes the size of the noun “doughnut.”)
‫بالجملة‬ ‫االسم/الفاعل‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫بتوضيح‬ ‫تهتم‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصفات‬–‫جائع‬ :‫مثال‬–‫متوتر‬–‫قلق‬-‫خائف‬
3. Pronoun/ ‫الضمائر‬
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some
examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Sample Sentences:
▪ She called her sister.
▪ The largest car is mine.
▪ We are the best group.
‫الضمائر‬‫و‬‫هي‬‫تؤدي‬‫نفس‬‫الدور‬‫من‬‫االسماء‬‫و‬‫تستخدم‬‫لتقليل‬‫تكرار‬‫االسماء‬‫بشكل‬.‫متكرر‬‫و‬‫تنقسم‬‫الى‬‫عدة‬‫اقسام‬‫وهم‬

4. 3
‫ضمائر‬،‫الملكية‬‫الضمائر‬‫بصيغة‬،‫الفاعل‬‫الضمائر‬‫بصيغة‬‫المفعول‬،‫به‬‫و‬‫كذلك‬،‫الضمائر‬‫بصيغة‬‫االنعكاسية‬
‫للمتحدث/متحدثين‬
Types of nouns/ ‫الضمائر‬ ‫انواع‬
More Examples:
4. Adverb/ ‫الحال‬
Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that
adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
The different types of adverbs are:
▪ Adverb of Manner: hard – well – slowly- carefully- nicely – easily – badly.
▪ Adverb of Time: monthly- yearly- weekly- daily – hourly – now- then – before.

5. 4
▪ Adverb of place: anywhere – near – far – nearby – outside – toward – indoor- outdoor.
▪ Adverb of Degree: almost – highly – fully- totally – deeply – simply – really.
‫الفاعل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫و‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫بتوضيح‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫تماما‬ ‫كالصفات‬ ‫وظيفته‬ ‫الحال‬–‫حركة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫ذكرنا‬ ( ‫ببطء‬ ‫يمشي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫مثال‬
)‫بطيئة‬ ‫علي‬( ‫باضافة‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫تنتهي‬ ‫االغلب‬ ‫في‬ ‫و‬ .ly‫الكلمة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫على‬ )–: ‫مثال‬nicely-slowly
5. Verbs/ ‫االفعال‬
This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not
exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the
subject in a sentence.
Examples:
▪ As usual, Mohammed missed his shot.
▪ They are always prepared in emergencies
‫االسماء‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫أقسام‬ ‫اركان‬ ‫من‬ ‫ركن‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫و‬ ‫االفعال‬–‫و‬ ‫خاطئة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫فهي‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫او‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫من‬ ‫تخلو‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫أي‬
.‫العمل/الملخص‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫الحقا‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫سوف‬ .‫نفسه‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫او‬ ‫بالفعل‬ ‫قام‬ ‫من‬ ‫مفهومة‬ ‫غير‬
6. Preposition/ ‫الجر‬ ‫حروف‬
This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
‫المكان‬ ‫لتمييز‬ ‫حروف‬ ‫و‬ ‫الزمان‬ ‫لتمييز‬ ‫حروف‬ ‫نوعين‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تنقسم‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجر‬ ‫حروف‬
Examples:
▪ Micah is hiding under the bed.
▪ During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
List Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
On On Sunday
(Day)
On Monday
evening
(Day + time)
On my birthday
(special day)
On the weekend
(U.S)
On Christmas
(holiday)
In In the mooring In Qatif
(city)
In Canada
(country)
In 2009
(year)
In summer
(season)
at At night At 10:30
(hour)
At midnight At
sunrise/sunset
At king Saud
University
(specific place)

6. 5
7. Conjunction
The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.
Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so
‫حروف‬:‫الوصل/االقتران‬‫و‬‫هي‬‫ت‬‫عمل‬‫على‬‫ربط‬‫الكلمة‬‫او‬‫جملة‬‫باخرى‬‫بدال‬‫من‬‫تكرار‬‫بعض‬‫االسماء‬‫او‬‫الضمائر‬‫كل‬.‫حين‬
Examples:
▪ This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
▪ Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.
▪ Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.
The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
8. Interjection/ ‫التعجب‬
This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are
commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.
‫االكاديمية‬ ‫الكتابات‬ ‫في‬ ‫العبارات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تواجد‬ ‫نادرا‬ ‫و‬ ‫االغلب‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫ردة‬ ‫الظهار‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫و‬ :‫التعجب‬
Examples:
▪ Ouch! That must have hurt.
▪ Hurray, we won!
▪ Hey! I said enough!

7. 6
Types of Verbs/ ‫االفعال‬ ‫أنواع‬
It is extremely important to understand that NOT all English verbs are the same. English verbs
are divided into three groups: Normal Verbs, Non-Continuous Verbs, and Mixed Verbs.
‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االفعال‬ ،‫العادية‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫هم‬ ‫و‬ ‫رئيسية‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تصنف‬ ‫االفعال‬‫االفعال‬ ‫كذلك‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستمرة‬ ‫باالزمنة‬ ‫تأتي‬
.‫المشتركة‬
1. Group I Normal Verbs/ ‫الطبيعية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العادية‬ ‫االفعال‬
Most verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can
see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses SUCH AS: run, walk, eat, fly, go, say,
touch, etc.
.‫بالجملة‬ ‫الفاعل/االسم‬ ‫به‬ ‫قام‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫لتوضيح‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫من‬ ‫االنواع‬ ‫هذه‬
Examples:
• I eat dinner every day.
• I am eating dinner now.
2. Group II Non-Continuous Verbs/ ‫المستمرة‬ ‫باالزمنة‬ ‫تأتي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االفعال‬
The second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things
you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include:
a) Abstract Verbs: to be, want, cost, seem, need, care, contain, owe, exist...
b) Possession Verbs: possess, own, belong...
c) Emotion Verbs: like, love, hate, dislike, fear, envy, mind...
‫المستمرة‬ ‫االزمنة‬ ‫في‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬–( ‫حروف‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫انه‬ ‫بمعنى‬ing‫كما‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫على‬ )
.‫ادناه‬ ‫االمثلة‬ ‫في‬
Examples:
• He is needing help now. Not Correct/ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫جملة‬
• He needs help now. Correct/ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫جملة‬
• He is wanting a drink now. Not Correct/ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫جملة‬
• He wants a drink now. Correct/ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫جملة‬
3. Group III Mixed Verbs/ ‫المشتركة‬ ‫االفعال‬
The third group, called "Mixed Verbs," is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one
meaning. In a way, each meaning is a unique verb. Some meanings behave like "Non-
Continuous Verbs," while other meanings behave like "Normal Verbs."
‫االف‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬‫الثاني‬ ‫و‬ ‫االول‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫بين‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يجمع‬ ‫عال‬–‫ادناه‬ ‫االمثلة‬ ‫الحظ‬

8. 7
List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions:
Appear:
• Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous Verb (Donna seems confused.)
• My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal Verb
My favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight.
Have:
• I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb (I possess a dollar.)
• I am having fun now. Normal Verb (I am experiencing fun now.)
Hear:
• She hears the music. Non-Continuous Verb (She hears the music with her ears.)
• She is hearing voices. Normal Verb (She hears something others cannot hear. She is
hearing voices in her mind.)
Look:
• Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb (She seems tired.)
• Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb (She is looking with her eyes.)
See:
• I see her. Non-Continuous Verb (I see her with my eyes.)
• I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb (I am visiting or consulting with a doctor.
Smell:
• The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb (The coffee has a good smell.)
• I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb (I am sniffing the flowers to see what their smell is like.)
Taste:
• The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous Verb (The coffee has a good taste.)
• I am tasting the cake. Normal Verb (I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like.)
Think:
• He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb (He considers the test to be easy.)
• She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb (She is pondering the question, going over it
in her mind.)
Some Verbs Can Be Especially Confusing:
To be:
• Joe is American. Non-Continuous Verb (Joe is an American citizen.)
• Joe is being very American. Normal Verb (Joe is behaving like a stereotypical American.)

9. 8
Verb tenses/ ‫االفعال‬ ‫أزمنة‬
Verb tenses tell us how an action relates to the flow of time. There are three main verb
tenses in English: present, past and future. The present, past, future tenses are divided into
four aspects: the simple, progressive, perfect and perfect progressive. There are 12 major verb
tenses that English learners should know.
‫(الماضي‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫توضيح‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫للجمل‬ ‫الفقري‬ ‫العمود‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫ازمنة‬–‫المضارع‬–‫كل‬ ‫ينقسم‬ ‫و‬ )‫المستقبل‬
‫المجموع‬ ‫ليكون‬ ‫اقسام‬ ‫اربعة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫منهم‬ ‫واحد‬12.‫اعاله‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫االصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫متفرع‬ ‫زمن‬
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Simple Present/ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬
USE 1: Repeated Actions/ ‫اليومي‬ ‫بالروتين‬ ‫يسمى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫او‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫تكرار‬ ‫دائمة‬
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a
hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens.
‫ا‬‫العام‬ ‫مدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫او‬ ‫حياتنا‬ ‫في‬ ‫يومي‬ ‫او‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫روتينة‬ ‫اشياء‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يعود‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫لهذا‬ ‫االول‬ ‫الستخدام‬.

10. 9
USE 2: Facts or Generalizations/ ‫العامة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحقائق‬
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will
be true in the future. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
.‫الزمان‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫تغيرها‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫و‬ ‫المعلومة‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫و‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الحقائق‬ ‫او‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫االستخدام‬
Examples:
• Cats like milk. - Birds do not like milk.
• California is in America. - California is not in the United Kingdom.
• Windows are made of glass. - Windows are not made of wood.
USE 3: Scheduled Events in the Near Future/ ‫العام‬ ‫مدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫المجدولة‬ ‫المناسبات‬
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This
is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other
scheduled events as well.
‫عدة‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫االستخدام‬‫المناسبات‬ ‫من‬ ‫غيرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫القدر‬ ‫ليلة‬ ،‫االعياد‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫السنين‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫ثابته‬ ‫مناسبات‬
‫الطيران‬ ،‫الباصات‬ ‫مواعيد‬ ‫جدولة‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫العام‬ ‫مدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫مناسبات‬ ‫او‬ .‫الساعة‬ ‫قيام‬ ‫لغاية‬ ‫قائمة‬ ‫تظل‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫االسالمية‬
Examples:
• The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
• The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
USE 4: Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) "‫االن‬"‫غير‬ ‫لالفعال‬‫المستمرة‬
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is
not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
‫االخالل‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫اللحظات‬ ‫بهذه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫شيء‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫يريد‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫االستخدام‬‫بإستخدام‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫و‬ ‫االخرى‬ ‫باالزمنة‬
( ‫اضافة‬ ‫تقبل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫بعض‬ing.‫الكلمة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫على‬ )
Examples:
• I am here now. - She is not here now.
• He needs help right now. - He does not need help now.

11. 10
ADVERB PLACEMENT: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You only speak English. - Do you only speak English?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Simple Past/ ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬
USE 1: Completed Action in the Past/ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫انتهاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫اكتمال‬
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one
specific time in mind.
‫بالماض‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫بدا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫اي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫يستخدم‬‫من‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫فربما‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫من‬ ‫انتهاء‬ ‫مدة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫ي‬
‫الساعة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫مضت‬ ‫معدودة‬ ‫ثواني‬ ‫او‬ ‫الماضية‬ ‫السنين‬ ‫مئات‬–‫من‬ ‫اصبحت‬ ‫النها‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫من‬ ‫مضت‬ ‫ثانية‬ ‫اي‬ ‫تعود‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ال‬
.‫الماضي‬
Examples:
• I saw a movie yesterday. - I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I traveled to Japan. - Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night? - She washed her car.

12. 11
USE 2: A Series of Completed Actions/ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫مكتملة‬ ‫افعال‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫حدوث‬
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
.‫جميعها‬ ‫منها‬ ‫االنتهاء‬ ‫تم‬ ‫قد‬ ‫و‬ ‫متالحق‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫او‬ ‫معين‬ ‫بوقت‬ ‫افعال‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫حدثت‬ ‫انه‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬
Examples:
• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3: Duration in Past/ ‫الماضي‬ ‫بزمن‬ ‫المدة‬
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a
longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all
year, etc.
‫الز‬ ‫المدة‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬.‫الزمن‬ ‫من‬ ‫استغرقت‬ ‫كم‬ ‫او‬ ‫له‬ ‫منية‬
Examples:
• I lived in Brazil for two years. - Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
• They sat at the beach all day. - They did not stay at the party the entire time.
• A: How long did you wait for them? - B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4: Habits in the Past/ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫هوايات‬
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the
same meaning as "used to."
.‫المستقبل‬ ‫او‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫بالوقت‬ ‫مزوالتها‬ ‫عن‬ ‫توقف‬ ‫و‬ ‫بالماضي‬ ‫سابقة‬ ‫هوايات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫يقصد‬
Examples:
• I studied English when I was a child.
• He didn't play the piano.
• She worked at the movie theater after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.

13. 12
USE 5: Past Facts or Generalizations/ ‫ماضية‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫و‬ ‫حقائق‬
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer
true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
‫الماضي‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫حقائق‬ ‫او‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬.
Examples:
• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.
• Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
ADVERB PLACEMENT: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You just called Debbie.
• Did you just call Debbie?
3. Simple Future/ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫زمن‬
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." And they often
express two very different meanings.
‫االفعال‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫زمن‬( ‫المساعدة‬will( ‫و‬ )be going to‫الرغم‬ ‫على‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫معنى‬ ‫يعطي‬ ‫ايضا‬ ‫كالهما‬ ‫و‬ )
.‫البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫لتوضيح‬ ‫يستخدمان‬ ‫انهم‬ ‫من‬
B. FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
• You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
A. FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
• You will help him later.
• Will you help him later?
• You will not help him later.

14. 13
USE 1: "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action/ ‫تطوعية‬ ‫مساعدة‬ ‫توفير‬ ‫او‬ ‫للتعبير‬
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the
speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's
complaint or request for help.
Examples:
• I will send you the information when I get it. - I will translate the email to help you.
• Will you make dinner? - I will not do your homework for you.
• A: I'm really hungry. - B: I'll make some sandwiches.
USE 2: "Will" to Express a Promise/ ‫القسم‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
• I will call you when I arrive.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3: "Be going to" to Express a Plan/ ‫يستخدم‬‫مسبقا‬ ‫المدروسة‬ ‫الخطط‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do
something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Paris.
• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
• Nada is going to begin medical school next year.
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction/ ‫التوقعات‬ ‫الظهار‬ ‫تستخدم‬
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the
future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future.
Examples:
• The year 2030 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2030 is going to be a very interesting year.
• John Smith will be/ is going to be the next President.
• The movie "Star War" will win/ is going to win several Academy Awards.

15. 14
No Future in Time Clauses
The Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when,
while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Examples:
• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You will never help him. - Will you ever help him?
• You are never going to meet Jane. - Are you ever going to meet Jane?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Present Continuous/ ‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫زمن‬
USE 1: Now/ ‫االن‬ ‫يحدث‬
Examples:
• You are learning English now. - You are not swimming now.
• Are you sleeping? - I am sitting.
• I am not standing. - Is he sitting or standing?

16. 15
USE 2: Longer Actions in Progress Now
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on.
.‫الحالي‬ ‫بالوقت‬ ‫اطول‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫استمرارحدوث‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬، ‫السنة‬ ‫هذه‬ ،‫الشهر‬ ‫هذا‬ ،‫اليوم‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫العادة‬ ‫في‬ ‫و‬
‫للتعبير‬ ‫القرن‬ ‫هذا‬.‫االستخدام‬ ‫او‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫عن‬
Examples:
• I am studying to become a doctor. - I am not studying to become a dentist.
• I am reading the book Tom barker. - I am not reading any books right now.
USE 3: Near Future/ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫القرب‬
Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will
not happen in the near future.
.‫القريب‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫اقتراب‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬
Examples:
• I am meeting some friends after work. - I am not going to the party tonight.
• Is he visiting his parents next weekend? - Isn't he coming with us tonight?
USE 4: Repetition and Irritation with "Always"/ ‫دائما‬ ‫كلمة‬ ‫بإستخدام‬ ‫التكرار‬ ‫او‬ ‫االعادة‬
The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that
something irritating or shocking often happens. Remember to put the words "always" or
"constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
• She is always coming to class late.
• He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
• I don't like them because they are always complaining.
ADVERB PLACEMENT: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
• You are still watching TV. - Are you still watching TV?

17. 16
5. Past Continuous/ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬
USE 1: Interrupted Action in the Past
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The
interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.
‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫بزمن‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫بزمن‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫تقاطع‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬
Examples:
• I was watching TV when she called.
• When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
• While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
USE 2: Specific Time as an Interruption
‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫بزمن‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫بزمن‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫تقاطع‬ ‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬‫الوقت‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫او‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ولكن‬
Examples:
• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
• At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

18. 17
• Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
Examples:
• Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. (I started eating at 6 PM.)
• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. (I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the
process of eating dinner.)
USE 3: Parallel Actions
When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses
the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
‫به‬ ‫يقصد‬( ‫ب‬ ‫المنتهي‬ ‫الرتم‬ ‫او‬ ‫القافية‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫على‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ان‬ ‫بشرط‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫بوقت‬ ‫حدثت‬ ‫افعال‬ ‫عدة‬ing.)
Examples:
• I was studying while he was making dinner.
• While Fatimah was reading, Hasan was watching television.
• Were you listening while he was talking?
USE 4: Repetition and Irritation with "Always"/ ‫دائما‬ ‫كلمة‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫اعادة‬ ‫او‬ ‫تكرار‬
Examples:
• She was always coming to class late.
• He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
• I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
ADVERB PLACEMENT: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You were just studying when she called.
• Were you just studying when she called?