The document discusses the basics of lubricants and lubrication. It defines lubrication as using a material between surfaces to reduce friction. The two main methods of lubrication are hydrodynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication. It also describes different types of lubricants including liquids, solids, and gases. It provides examples of typical lubricants and their applications.

1. The Basics of Lubricants and lubrication Hussam Adeni [email_address]

47. SAE Crankcase Oil - Viscosity classification – Winter Service Hussam Adeni [email_address] Low temp viscosities High temp viscosities SAE Viscosity Grade Engine cranking Max. cPs at Temp (˚C) Max. Temp for pumping viscosity of 60,000 cP(˚C) Vis. at 100˚C, cSt High shear (cP) 150˚C & 10 6 S-¹ Min Min Max Winter Service 0W 6200@ -35 -40 3.8 - -- 5W 6200@ -30 -35 3.8 - 10W 7000@ -25 -30 4.1 - 15W 7000@ -20 -25 5.6 - 20W 9500@ -15 -20 5.6 - 25W 13000@ -10 -15 9.3

48. SAE Crankcase Oil - Viscosity classification – Summer Service Hussam Adeni [email_address] Low temp viscosities High temp viscosities SAE Viscosity Grade Engine cranking Max. cPs at Temp (˚C) Max. Temp for pumping viscosity of 60,000 cP(˚C) Vis. at 100˚C, cSt High shear (cP) 150˚C & 10 6 S-¹ Min Min Max Summer Service 20 -- - 5.6 <9.3 2.6 30 -- - 9.3 <12.5 2.9 40 -- - 12.5 <16.3 3.5 40 -- - 12.5 <16.3 3.7 50 -- - 16.3 <21.9 3.7 60 -- - 21.9 <26.1 3.7

49. API Automotive Gasoline Engine Service Categories – “SA, SB,…” Hussam Adeni [email_address] Category Related Ind Definitions Engine Test Requirements SA Straight Min None SB Inhibited only CRC L-4 Sequence IIA Sequence IIIA SC 1964 Models CRC L-38 Sequence IV Sequence IIA Sequence V Sequence IIIA Fuel -1% S SD 1968 Models CRC L-38 Sequence IV Caterpillar L-1 Sequence IIB Sequence VB Caterpillar IH Sequence IIIB Falcon Rust SE 1972 Models CRC-L-38 Sequence IIID Sequence IIB Sequence VC Sequence IIIC Sequence VD SF 1980 Models CRC-L-38 Sequence IIIE Sequence IID Sequence VD Sequence IIID

50. API Automotive Gasoline Engine Service Categories – “SA, SB,…” Hussam Adeni [email_address] Category Related Ind Definitions Engine Test Requirements SG 1989 Models CRC-L-38 Sequence VE Sequence IID Caterpillar IH2 Sequence IIIE SH 1994 Models CRC-L-38 Sequence VE Sequence IID Sequence IIIE Category SA, SB, SC, SD, SE,SF,SG,SH have been declared as obsolete. SJ 1997 Models CRC-L-38 Sequence VE Sequence IID Sequence IIIE SL 2001 Models Sequence IIIF Sequence VIII Sequence IVA Sequence VG SM 2004 Models Sequence IIIG Sequence VIII Sequence IVA Sequence VG Category SJ, SL, SM, are currently valid.

51. API Automotive Diesel Engine Service Categories – “CA, CB,…” Hussam Adeni [email_address] Category Related US Mil spec Engine Test Requirements CA MIL-L-2104A CRC L-38 Caterpillar L-1 Fuel – 0.4% S CB MIL-L-2104A Supplement 1 CRC L-38 Caterpillar L-1 Fuel – 0.4% S CC MIL-L-2104B MIL-L-46152B CRC L-38 Sequence IID Caterpillar IH2 CD MIL-L-2104C/D/E, MIL-L-45199B, Series 3 CRC L-38 Caterpillar I G2 CD-II MIL-L-2104D/E 2 stroke Hvy Dty CRC L-38 Caterpillar 1 G2 Detroit Diesel 6V53T CE None CRC L-38 Mack T-6 Caterpillar 1 G2 Mack T-7 Cummins NTC 400 CF None CRC L-38 Caterpillar 1M-PC

52. API Automotive Diesel Engine Service Categories – “CA, CB,…” Hussam Adeni [email_address] Category Related Ind Spec Engine Test Requirements CF-2 None CRC L-38 Detroit Diesel 6V92TA Caterpillar 1M-PC CF-4 None CRC L-38 Mack T-7 Cummins NTC-400 Caterpillar 1K CG-4 None CRC L-38 Mack T-8 Sequence IIIE RFWT Caterpillar 1N CH-4 None Mack T8E RFWT Sequence IIIE Mach T-9 Caterpillar 1P, 1K Cummins M 11 CI-4 None RFWT EOAT Cummins M11 EGR Mack T-8E, T-10 Caterpillar 1R, 1K Sequence IIIF CI-4 Plus None RFWT EOAT Cummins M11 EGR Mack T-8E, T-10,T-11 Caterpillar 1R, 1K Sequence IIIF CA to CE obsolete; CF onwards are currently valid

53. ISO 3448 – Kin Vis - CSt 40˚C vs SUS 100˚F (40˚C) Hussam Adeni [email_address] Midpoint Minimum Maximum SUS 100˚F VG 2 2.2 1.98 2.42 VG 3 3.2 2.88 3.52 VG 5 4.6 4.14 5.06 VG 7 6.8 6.12 7.48 VG 10 10 9 11 60 VG 15 15 13.5 16.5 75 VG 22 22 19.8 24.2 105 VG 32 32 28.8 35.2 150 VG 46 46 41.4 50.6 215

54. ISO 3448 – Kin Vis - CSt 40˚C versus SUS 100˚F (40˚C) Hussam Adeni [email_address] Midpoint Minimum Maximum SUS 100˚F VG 68 68 61.2 74.8 315 VG 100 100 90 110 465 VG 150 150 135 165 700 VG 220 220 198 242 1000 VG 320 320 288 352 1500 VG 460 460 414 506 2150 VG 680 680 612 748 3150 VG 1000 1000 900 1100 4650 VG 1500 1500 1350 1650 7000

55. National Lubricating Grease Institute - NLGI Numbers Hussam Adeni [email_address] NLGI Grade Number ASTM worked penetration 77˚F (25˚C) 000 445 - 475 00 400 - 430 0 355 - 385 1 310 - 340 2 265 - 295 3 220 - 250 4 175 - 205 5 130 - 160 6 85 - 115

56. Thank you Hussam Adeni [email_address]