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LN2 Certification
Level 1: Introduction & Safety
Prepared	
  by	
  
Our	
  Mission	
  
	
  
•  Evangelize	
  overclocking	
  
•  Convert	
  enthusiasts	
  in	
  to	
  passionate	
  overclockers	
  
•  Support	
  the	
  community	
  
•  Further	
  professionalize	
  extreme	
  overclocking	
  
	
  
	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Disclaimer
HWBOT	
  or	
  any	
  of	
  its	
  representaHves	
  accepts	
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  liability	
  for	
  the	
  content	
  of	
  this	
  presentaHon,	
  or	
  for	
  the	
  
consequences	
  of	
  any	
  acHons	
  taken	
  on	
  the	
  basis	
  of	
  the	
  informaHon	
  provided.	
  
	
  
HWBOT	
  shall	
  not	
  be	
  liable	
  for	
  any	
  loss	
  or	
  damage	
  of	
  whatever	
  nature	
  (direct,	
  indirect,	
  consequenHal,	
  or	
  other)	
  
whether	
  arising	
  in	
  contract,	
  tort	
  or	
  otherwise,	
  which	
  may	
  arise	
  as	
  a	
  result	
  of	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  (or	
  inability	
  to	
  use)	
  
cryogenic	
  gases	
  and/or	
  liquids	
  of	
  any	
  kind.	
  
	
  
This	
  presentaHon	
  is	
  published	
  for	
  general	
  informaHon	
  purposes.	
  Any	
  use	
  made	
  of	
  the	
  informaHon	
  in	
  this	
  
presentaHon	
  by	
  the	
  reader	
  is	
  their	
  sole	
  responsibility.	
  These	
  safety	
  informaHon	
  have	
  been	
  prepared	
  by	
  HWBOT	
  
based	
  upon	
  established	
  industry	
  safety	
  standards	
  and	
  recognized	
  resources.	
  Although	
  HWBOT	
  deems	
  the	
  data	
  in	
  
these	
  documents	
  accurate,	
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  should	
  their	
  content	
  fail	
  to	
  meet	
  the	
  legal	
  sHpulaHons	
  
applicable	
  in	
  any	
  jurisdicHons	
  it	
  may	
  be	
  applied	
  into.	
  	
  
	
  
The	
  HWBOT	
  LN2	
  CerHficaHon	
  presentaHons	
  are	
  subject	
  to	
  revision.	
  Visit	
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latest	
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   Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Course summary
1.  About	
  Liquid	
  Nitrogen	
  
2.  Risks	
  
3.  Safety	
  requirements	
  
4.  In	
  case	
  of	
  …	
  
5.  To	
  go	
  further	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
About Liquid Nitrogen
•  LN2	
  =	
  Liquid	
  Nitrogen	
  
•  Cryogenic	
  liquid	
  
•  Boiling	
  point	
  below	
  -­‐150°C	
  
•  Most	
  used	
  cryogenics	
  gases:	
  nitrogen(LN2)	
  &	
  
helium(LHe)	
  
•  Evaporated,	
  volume	
  =	
  x700	
  (raHo	
  1:700)	
  
•  Colourless,	
  Odourless,	
  Tasteless	
  
•  LN2	
  Temperature:	
  -­‐196°C	
  or	
  -­‐320°F	
  
•  Non	
  flammable,	
  non	
  explosive,	
  non	
  toxic	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Risks
•  Cold	
  Burn	
  -­‐	
  Frostnip	
  
•  Short	
  direct	
  exposure	
  to	
  the	
  liquid	
  
•  Damage	
  to	
  the	
  surface	
  of	
  the	
  skin	
  
•  Frostbite	
  
•  Prolonged	
  direct	
  exposure	
  to	
  the	
  liquid	
  
•  Damage	
  the	
  deep	
  Hssues	
  of	
  the	
  skin	
  
•  Contact	
  with	
  cold	
  surface	
  
•  Direct	
  touch	
  of	
  frozen	
  surfaces	
  (skin	
  may	
  sHck)	
  
•  Superficial	
  to	
  deep	
  frostbite	
  can	
  happen	
  
•  Hypothermia	
  
•  By	
  being	
  in	
  an	
  intensely	
  cooled	
  down	
  environment	
  
•  Indirect	
  exposure	
  of	
  skin	
  and	
  eyes	
  to	
  cold	
  gas	
  (output	
  from	
  relief	
  valve,	
  etc.)	
  
•  AsphyxiaHon	
  
•  By	
  being	
  in	
  an	
  insufficiently	
  venHlated	
  room	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Safety
•  Training	
  
•  Know	
  basic	
  cryogenic	
  usage	
  
•  Know	
  the	
  risks	
  &	
  safe	
  usage	
  rules	
  
•  Wear	
  Personal	
  ProtecHon	
  Equipment	
  (PPE)	
  
•  Safety	
  glasses	
  
•  Closed-­‐toe	
  shoes	
  (no	
  slippers,	
  thongs,	
  etc)	
  
•  Cryogenic	
  Gloves	
  
•  Follow	
  the	
  appropriate	
  “LN2	
  use	
  for	
  overclocking”	
  rules	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
If Something happens to you:
1.  Call	
  for	
  Help	
  &	
  Don’t	
  panic	
  
2.  Look	
  around	
  you,	
  secure	
  the	
  area	
  and	
  make	
  sure	
  it	
  doesn’t	
  
get	
  worse	
  
3.  If	
  you	
  can,	
  evaluate	
  your	
  own	
  “Risk”	
  situaHon	
  and	
  react	
  
accordingly	
  (	
  or	
  ask	
  someone	
  )	
  
4.  Seek	
  trained	
  medical	
  assistance	
  
5.  Wait	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
If Something happens to someone else:
1.  Call	
  for	
  Help	
  &	
  Don’t	
  panic	
  
2.  Look	
  around,	
  secure	
  the	
  area	
  and	
  ensure	
  that	
  it	
  doesn’t	
  
get	
  worse	
  
3.  Evaluate	
  the	
  “Risk”	
  situaHon	
  and	
  react	
  accordingly	
  
4.  Seek	
  trained	
  medical	
  assistance	
  
5.  Wait	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
What to do in case of:
1.  Cold	
  Burn	
  
a.  Gently	
  rewarm	
  area	
  by	
  blowing	
  warm	
  air	
  (do	
  not	
  apply	
  heat	
  !)	
  
b.  Soak	
  in	
  mild-­‐warm	
  water	
  (no	
  hot	
  water	
  !)	
  
c.  Do	
  not	
  remove	
  skin	
  
	
  
2.  Frostbite	
  
a.  Make	
  sure	
  there	
  is	
  no	
  Hypothermia	
  risks	
  
b.  Protect	
  the	
  skin	
  from	
  further	
  exposure	
  
c.  Gently	
  rewarm	
  area	
  by	
  blowing	
  warm	
  air	
  /	
  apply	
  warm	
  water	
  or	
  cloth	
  
d.  Soak	
  area	
  in	
  warm	
  water	
  (37	
  to	
  42	
  C)	
  for	
  15-­‐30	
  minutes	
  
e.  Don’t	
  pressure	
  it	
  (if	
  under	
  the	
  feets,	
  don’t	
  walk	
  on	
  it)	
  
f.  Seek	
  immediate	
  medical	
  alenHon!	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
What to do in case of:
3.  Contact	
  with	
  cold	
  surface	
  
o  Avoid	
  prolonged	
  contact	
  with	
  the	
  surface	
  -­‐	
  immediately	
  pull	
  away	
  
§  if	
  Cold	
  burn	
  or	
  frostbite,	
  react	
  accordingly	
  
o  If	
  you	
  are	
  stuck,	
  cut-­‐off	
  /	
  stop	
  the	
  source	
  of	
  cold	
  
§  Do	
  not	
  pull	
  -­‐	
  Hssues	
  may	
  be	
  torn	
  away	
  in	
  the	
  process!	
  
§  Ask	
  for	
  on-­‐site	
  emergency	
  assistance	
  
§  Progressively	
  warm	
  the	
  area	
  
4.  Hypothermia	
  
o  Make	
  sure	
  all	
  cloths	
  on	
  the	
  vicHm	
  are	
  dry	
  
o  Place	
  the	
  vicHm	
  between	
  blankets	
  (or	
  towels,	
  newspaper,	
  etc.)	
  so	
  the	
  
body	
  temperature	
  can	
  rise	
  gradually.	
  Keep	
  the	
  head	
  warm!	
  
o  Quickly	
  transport	
  vicHm	
  to	
  an	
  emergency	
  facility	
  
o  If	
  loss	
  of	
  consciousness	
  perform	
  CPR	
  unHl	
  medical	
  aid	
  arrives	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
What to do in case of:
5.  AsphyxiaHon	
  
a.  Ensure	
  circulaHon	
  of	
  fresh	
  air	
  before	
  entering	
  the	
  room	
  by	
  opening	
  the	
  
doors	
  and	
  windows.	
  
b.  Before	
  entering	
  the	
  enclosed	
  space	
  take	
  two	
  or	
  three	
  deep	
  breaths	
  and	
  
hold	
  your	
  breath	
  as	
  long	
  as	
  you	
  can.	
  
c.  Remove	
  the	
  casualty	
  as	
  quickly	
  as	
  possible	
  to	
  fresh	
  air.	
  
d.  If	
  vicHm	
  is	
  asphyxiated:	
  Loosen	
  clothes	
  at	
  neck	
  and	
  waist	
  and	
  give	
  
arHficial	
  respiraHon	
  (if	
  you	
  don’t	
  know	
  how-­‐to:	
  seek	
  assistance)	
  
	
  
You	
  can	
  feel	
  unconscious	
  a-er	
  only	
  2	
  breathes	
  in	
  low	
  oxygen	
  environment	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
To go further
AddiHonal	
  cerHficaHons	
  courses	
  available:	
  
•  Next	
  CerHficaHon	
  Levels	
  	
  
•  Level	
  2:	
  LN2	
  for	
  Overclocking	
  “personal”	
  
•  Level	
  3:	
  LN2	
  for	
  Overclocking	
  “with	
  others”	
  
•  Level	
  4:	
  LN2	
  for	
  Overclocking	
  “public	
  demonstraHons”	
  
	
  
•  Train	
  others	
  
•  Be	
  able	
  to	
  train	
  others	
  to	
  the	
  safe	
  use	
  of	
  LN2	
  for	
  overclocking	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Thanks
QuesHons?	
  Contact	
  us.	
  	
  
Pieter	
  Jan-­‐Plaisier	
  
	
  
+886	
  970	
  726	
  470	
  
	
  
pieter@hwbot.org	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  
Timothée	
  Pineau	
  
	
  
xyala@hwbot.org	
  
+886	
  970	
  203	
  741	
  
References
•  Air	
  Liquid	
  Encyclopedia,	
  Physical	
  properHes	
  of	
  Cryogenics.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  December	
  2014	
  from	
  hlp://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/help.asp?LanguageID=11	
  
•  D.R.	
  LIDE,	
  Handbook	
  of	
  Chemistry	
  and	
  Physics,	
  88th	
  Ed,	
  Editor	
  CRC	
  Press,	
  2007-­‐2008.	
  
•  Gas	
  Encyclopedia,	
  Air	
  Liquide,	
  Editor	
  Elsevier,	
  1976.	
  
•  Handbook	
  of	
  Compressed	
  Gases,	
  4th	
  Ed,	
  Editor	
  Kluwer	
  Academic	
  Pub,	
  1999.	
  
•  InternaHonal	
  standards:	
  Gas	
  cylinders	
  -­‐	
  CompaHbility	
  of	
  cylinder	
  and	
  valve	
  materials	
  with	
  gas	
  contents	
  -­‐-­‐	
  Part	
  1:	
  ISO	
  11114-­‐1	
  (May	
  2012),	
  Part	
  2:	
  ISO	
  11114-­‐2	
  (March	
  2001).	
  
•  Linde	
  Group,	
  Handling	
  of	
  Cryogenic	
  liquefied	
  gases.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  December	
  2014	
  from	
  
hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20of%20cryogenic%20liquefied%20gases201_72930.pdf	
  
•  Linde	
  Group,	
  Handling	
  of	
  Gas	
  Cylinder.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  December	
  2014	
  from	
  
hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20of%20Gas%20Cylinders%20at%20and%20awer%20Fire%20or%20Heat%20Exposure201_72931.pdf	
  
•  Linde	
  Group,	
  Oxygen	
  deficiency.	
  Retrieved	
  December	
  on	
  2014	
  from	
  hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Oxygen%20deficiency201_72932.pdf	
  
•  Linde	
  Group,	
  Handling	
  refrigerated	
  liquefied	
  nitrogen	
  in	
  transportable	
  cryogenic	
  receptacles.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  December	
  2014	
  from	
  
hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20refrigerated%20liquefied%20nitrogen%20in%20transportable%20cryogenic%20receptables201_72944.pdf	
  
•  Mayoclininc.org,	
  Frostbite:	
  first	
  aid.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  January	
  2015	
  from	
  hlp://www.mayoclinic.org/first-­‐aid/first-­‐aid-­‐frostbite/basics/art-­‐20056653	
  
•  Praxair,	
  Nitrogen	
  Refrigerated	
  Liquid.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  January	
  2015	
  from	
  
hlp://www.praxair.com/~/media/North%20America/US/Documents/SDS/Liquid%20Nitrogen%20Medipure%20Gas%20N2%20Safety%20Data%20Sheet%20SDS%20P4630.pdf	
  
•  The	
  university	
  of	
  Auckland,	
  Safe	
  storage	
  of	
  liquid	
  nitrogen.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  February	
  2015	
  from	
  
hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/SMOU%2021%20Safe%20Storage%20of%20Liquid%20Nitrogen
%20(2)%20(2).pdf	
  
•  The	
  University	
  of	
  Auckland,	
  Cryogenic	
  Liquids.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  February	
  2015	
  form	
  
hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/SMOU18-­‐Cryogenic%20Liquids.pdf	
  
•  The	
  University	
  of	
  Auckland,	
  Safety	
  guidelines	
  for	
  cryogenic	
  materials.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  February	
  2015	
  from	
  
hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/cryogenic_materials_guide.doc	
  
•  Web	
  Health	
  Center,	
  Different	
  Kinds	
  of	
  Asphyxia.	
  Retrieved	
  on	
  January	
  2015	
  from	
  hlp://www.webhealthcentre.com/HealthyLiving/first_aid_drown.aspx	
  
Copyright	
  HWBOT	
  2015	
  

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HWBOT LN2 Certification Level 1: Introduction & Safety

  • 1. LN2 Certification Level 1: Introduction & Safety Prepared  by   Our  Mission     •  Evangelize  overclocking   •  Convert  enthusiasts  in  to  passionate  overclockers   •  Support  the  community   •  Further  professionalize  extreme  overclocking       Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 2. Disclaimer HWBOT  or  any  of  its  representaHves  accepts  no  liability  for  the  content  of  this  presentaHon,  or  for  the   consequences  of  any  acHons  taken  on  the  basis  of  the  informaHon  provided.     HWBOT  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  loss  or  damage  of  whatever  nature  (direct,  indirect,  consequenHal,  or  other)   whether  arising  in  contract,  tort  or  otherwise,  which  may  arise  as  a  result  of  the  use  of  (or  inability  to  use)   cryogenic  gases  and/or  liquids  of  any  kind.     This  presentaHon  is  published  for  general  informaHon  purposes.  Any  use  made  of  the  informaHon  in  this   presentaHon  by  the  reader  is  their  sole  responsibility.  These  safety  informaHon  have  been  prepared  by  HWBOT   based  upon  established  industry  safety  standards  and  recognized  resources.  Although  HWBOT  deems  the  data  in   these  documents  accurate,  HWBOT  cannot  be  held  liable  should  their  content  fail  to  meet  the  legal  sHpulaHons   applicable  in  any  jurisdicHons  it  may  be  applied  into.       The  HWBOT  LN2  CerHficaHon  presentaHons  are  subject  to  revision.  Visit  our  website  to  ensure  that  you  have  the   latest  version.     Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 3. Course summary 1.  About  Liquid  Nitrogen   2.  Risks   3.  Safety  requirements   4.  In  case  of  …   5.  To  go  further   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 4. About Liquid Nitrogen •  LN2  =  Liquid  Nitrogen   •  Cryogenic  liquid   •  Boiling  point  below  -­‐150°C   •  Most  used  cryogenics  gases:  nitrogen(LN2)  &   helium(LHe)   •  Evaporated,  volume  =  x700  (raHo  1:700)   •  Colourless,  Odourless,  Tasteless   •  LN2  Temperature:  -­‐196°C  or  -­‐320°F   •  Non  flammable,  non  explosive,  non  toxic   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 5. Risks •  Cold  Burn  -­‐  Frostnip   •  Short  direct  exposure  to  the  liquid   •  Damage  to  the  surface  of  the  skin   •  Frostbite   •  Prolonged  direct  exposure  to  the  liquid   •  Damage  the  deep  Hssues  of  the  skin   •  Contact  with  cold  surface   •  Direct  touch  of  frozen  surfaces  (skin  may  sHck)   •  Superficial  to  deep  frostbite  can  happen   •  Hypothermia   •  By  being  in  an  intensely  cooled  down  environment   •  Indirect  exposure  of  skin  and  eyes  to  cold  gas  (output  from  relief  valve,  etc.)   •  AsphyxiaHon   •  By  being  in  an  insufficiently  venHlated  room   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 6. Safety •  Training   •  Know  basic  cryogenic  usage   •  Know  the  risks  &  safe  usage  rules   •  Wear  Personal  ProtecHon  Equipment  (PPE)   •  Safety  glasses   •  Closed-­‐toe  shoes  (no  slippers,  thongs,  etc)   •  Cryogenic  Gloves   •  Follow  the  appropriate  “LN2  use  for  overclocking”  rules   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 7. If Something happens to you: 1.  Call  for  Help  &  Don’t  panic   2.  Look  around  you,  secure  the  area  and  make  sure  it  doesn’t   get  worse   3.  If  you  can,  evaluate  your  own  “Risk”  situaHon  and  react   accordingly  (  or  ask  someone  )   4.  Seek  trained  medical  assistance   5.  Wait   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 8. If Something happens to someone else: 1.  Call  for  Help  &  Don’t  panic   2.  Look  around,  secure  the  area  and  ensure  that  it  doesn’t   get  worse   3.  Evaluate  the  “Risk”  situaHon  and  react  accordingly   4.  Seek  trained  medical  assistance   5.  Wait   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 9. What to do in case of: 1.  Cold  Burn   a.  Gently  rewarm  area  by  blowing  warm  air  (do  not  apply  heat  !)   b.  Soak  in  mild-­‐warm  water  (no  hot  water  !)   c.  Do  not  remove  skin     2.  Frostbite   a.  Make  sure  there  is  no  Hypothermia  risks   b.  Protect  the  skin  from  further  exposure   c.  Gently  rewarm  area  by  blowing  warm  air  /  apply  warm  water  or  cloth   d.  Soak  area  in  warm  water  (37  to  42  C)  for  15-­‐30  minutes   e.  Don’t  pressure  it  (if  under  the  feets,  don’t  walk  on  it)   f.  Seek  immediate  medical  alenHon!   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 10. What to do in case of: 3.  Contact  with  cold  surface   o  Avoid  prolonged  contact  with  the  surface  -­‐  immediately  pull  away   §  if  Cold  burn  or  frostbite,  react  accordingly   o  If  you  are  stuck,  cut-­‐off  /  stop  the  source  of  cold   §  Do  not  pull  -­‐  Hssues  may  be  torn  away  in  the  process!   §  Ask  for  on-­‐site  emergency  assistance   §  Progressively  warm  the  area   4.  Hypothermia   o  Make  sure  all  cloths  on  the  vicHm  are  dry   o  Place  the  vicHm  between  blankets  (or  towels,  newspaper,  etc.)  so  the   body  temperature  can  rise  gradually.  Keep  the  head  warm!   o  Quickly  transport  vicHm  to  an  emergency  facility   o  If  loss  of  consciousness  perform  CPR  unHl  medical  aid  arrives   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 11. What to do in case of: 5.  AsphyxiaHon   a.  Ensure  circulaHon  of  fresh  air  before  entering  the  room  by  opening  the   doors  and  windows.   b.  Before  entering  the  enclosed  space  take  two  or  three  deep  breaths  and   hold  your  breath  as  long  as  you  can.   c.  Remove  the  casualty  as  quickly  as  possible  to  fresh  air.   d.  If  vicHm  is  asphyxiated:  Loosen  clothes  at  neck  and  waist  and  give   arHficial  respiraHon  (if  you  don’t  know  how-­‐to:  seek  assistance)     You  can  feel  unconscious  a-er  only  2  breathes  in  low  oxygen  environment   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 12. To go further AddiHonal  cerHficaHons  courses  available:   •  Next  CerHficaHon  Levels     •  Level  2:  LN2  for  Overclocking  “personal”   •  Level  3:  LN2  for  Overclocking  “with  others”   •  Level  4:  LN2  for  Overclocking  “public  demonstraHons”     •  Train  others   •  Be  able  to  train  others  to  the  safe  use  of  LN2  for  overclocking   Copyright  HWBOT  2015  
  • 13. Thanks QuesHons?  Contact  us.     Pieter  Jan-­‐Plaisier     +886  970  726  470     pieter@hwbot.org   Copyright  HWBOT  2015   Timothée  Pineau     xyala@hwbot.org   +886  970  203  741  
  • 14. References •  Air  Liquid  Encyclopedia,  Physical  properHes  of  Cryogenics.  Retrieved  on  December  2014  from  hlp://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/help.asp?LanguageID=11   •  D.R.  LIDE,  Handbook  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  88th  Ed,  Editor  CRC  Press,  2007-­‐2008.   •  Gas  Encyclopedia,  Air  Liquide,  Editor  Elsevier,  1976.   •  Handbook  of  Compressed  Gases,  4th  Ed,  Editor  Kluwer  Academic  Pub,  1999.   •  InternaHonal  standards:  Gas  cylinders  -­‐  CompaHbility  of  cylinder  and  valve  materials  with  gas  contents  -­‐-­‐  Part  1:  ISO  11114-­‐1  (May  2012),  Part  2:  ISO  11114-­‐2  (March  2001).   •  Linde  Group,  Handling  of  Cryogenic  liquefied  gases.  Retrieved  on  December  2014  from   hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20of%20cryogenic%20liquefied%20gases201_72930.pdf   •  Linde  Group,  Handling  of  Gas  Cylinder.  Retrieved  on  December  2014  from   hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20of%20Gas%20Cylinders%20at%20and%20awer%20Fire%20or%20Heat%20Exposure201_72931.pdf   •  Linde  Group,  Oxygen  deficiency.  Retrieved  December  on  2014  from  hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Oxygen%20deficiency201_72932.pdf   •  Linde  Group,  Handling  refrigerated  liquefied  nitrogen  in  transportable  cryogenic  receptacles.  Retrieved  on  December  2014  from   hlp://www.linde-­‐gas.fr/internet.lg.lg.fra/fr/images/Handling%20refrigerated%20liquefied%20nitrogen%20in%20transportable%20cryogenic%20receptables201_72944.pdf   •  Mayoclininc.org,  Frostbite:  first  aid.  Retrieved  on  January  2015  from  hlp://www.mayoclinic.org/first-­‐aid/first-­‐aid-­‐frostbite/basics/art-­‐20056653   •  Praxair,  Nitrogen  Refrigerated  Liquid.  Retrieved  on  January  2015  from   hlp://www.praxair.com/~/media/North%20America/US/Documents/SDS/Liquid%20Nitrogen%20Medipure%20Gas%20N2%20Safety%20Data%20Sheet%20SDS%20P4630.pdf   •  The  university  of  Auckland,  Safe  storage  of  liquid  nitrogen.  Retrieved  on  February  2015  from   hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/SMOU%2021%20Safe%20Storage%20of%20Liquid%20Nitrogen %20(2)%20(2).pdf   •  The  University  of  Auckland,  Cryogenic  Liquids.  Retrieved  on  February  2015  form   hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/SMOU18-­‐Cryogenic%20Liquids.pdf   •  The  University  of  Auckland,  Safety  guidelines  for  cryogenic  materials.  Retrieved  on  February  2015  from   hlps://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/science/for/current-­‐students/HR/health-­‐safety-­‐wellness/documents/cryogenic_materials_guide.doc   •  Web  Health  Center,  Different  Kinds  of  Asphyxia.  Retrieved  on  January  2015  from  hlp://www.webhealthcentre.com/HealthyLiving/first_aid_drown.aspx   Copyright  HWBOT  2015