This document provides an outline for a course on computing fundamentals. It discusses the basic organization of a computer including the input unit, output unit, memory unit, control unit, and arithmetic logic unit. The input unit collects data through various devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. The output unit displays processed data through monitors, printers, and speakers. The central processing unit is made up of the control unit, which determines the flow of instructions, and the arithmetic logic unit, which performs calculations. There are three types of memory - processor memory, primary memory like RAM and ROM, and secondary memory like hard disks and optical disks, which store data and programs permanently.

1. WELCOME

2. MIS – 104:
Computing
Fundamentals
BBA
Department of MIS
University of Dhaka

3. 3
Books
1.Introduction to Computer
Peter Norton
2. Computer Fundamentals
Dr. M Lutfar Rahman
3. Computer Fundamentals
Pradeep K. Sinha

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Last Class
1. Computer:
Introduction
Characteristics
Use (Specially in Business)
History
Generation
2. Classification of Computer:
• Size & volume of data processing
– Micro, mini, mainframe, super
• Working principle
– Analog, digital, hybrid
• Purpose of use
– Special purpose, general purpose

5. Today’s Class

6. 6
Outline
3. Basic Organization of Computer:
 Input Unit
 Output Unit
 Memory Unit
 Control Unit
 Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
CPU = ALU + CU

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Organization
CPU
Input Unit Output UnitALU
Control Unit
Memory Unit

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Outline

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Input unit
• Trough input devices command/problem/
instructions are passed to the CPU.
• Command as Electric signal moves to CPU
or Preserved in the memory for further
execution

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Input unit
Examples-
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Scanner
– OMR
– OCR
– MICR
– Barcode reader
– Microphone
– Joystick
– Digital Camera
– Light Pen
– Track Ball
– Card reader
– Punch card
– Webcam

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Output unit
• Processed data or result is displayed in an understable
way through output unit
• Example:
– Monitor
– Printer
– Speaker
– Plotter
– Microfilm, etc
• There are two types of output-
– Hard copy:
• Printed papers, can be carried, touches
– Soft copy:
• Result displayed in the monitor, can be viewed

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CPU
• Most important part of computer
• Known as the “Brain of computer”
• CPU is used for processing data & problems
• All types of calculation and decision making is done by
CPU
• Collects the data from input, prepare result as per
command and shows output

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CPU
• There are two main units of CPU,
– Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
– Control unit (CU)

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ALU
• Known as `Arithmetic Logic Unit`
• Solves all types of problems
• Data analysis
• All types of calculation like Addition,
Subtraction, Multiplication, Division following
the “Binary Rule”
• Perform logical operations Like: AND OR
NOT, >, >=, <, <=, <> etc

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Control unit
• Controls & balances all the activities of the Computer
• Control the computer as per instructions like Data input,
When/Where/How it will go? etc. are determined by
control unit
• Transfers control to the next instruction
• Controls all the Hardware & software
• Determine` where the next instruction is located? & How
it will be executed?`

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Memory unit
• One of the most important part of computer that
preserves data, instructions,results etc
• Examples:
– RAM, ROM
– Hard disk, Floppy disk, Optical Disk,
– Cache, Virtual Memory etc
• There are three types of memory-
01. Processor Memory
02. Primary Memory
03. Secondary Memory

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Processor Memory
• Also known as `Built-in Memory`
• There are some `Resisters` in the ALU whose
acts as processor memory
• Used as a working memory of temporary storage
of instructions & data
• Another built in memory to support resisters is
called `CACHE`

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Primary memory
• Also known as `Main memory`
• The memory in which CPU access directly & rapidly is
called primary memory
• When any programme runs the CPU has a direct access
with memory for processing
• Technology based on `SEMICONDUCTOR`
• Example:
– RAM
– ROM

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Secondary memory
• Also known as Auxiliary Memory,
• permanent
• Only stores data & system program
• Generally two types-
– Magnetic:
• HDD, FDD, Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape etc
– Optical:
• CD-ROM/DVD-ROM, Optical disk etc

20. Question...???

21. Next Class

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Course Outline
4. Input Unit
Keyboard,
Mouse,
Scanner,
OMR,
OCR,
MICR
Barcode reader
Microphone
Joystick
Digital Camera
Light Pen
Track Ball

23. Thank You