This document discusses using the CROPWAT and CLIMWAT models to evaluate and plan irrigation for cotton and rice crops in India. It summarizes that India currently produces lower rice yields than countries like China and Brazil from the same amount of land. Increasing yields through improved irrigation practices could increase production and reduce land usage. The document then outlines using the CROPWAT model to analyze reference evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, irrigation requirements, and develop irrigation schedules for cotton and rice in the Kurnool region of India based on climatic and soil data. It concludes that significantly increasing crop yields through using CROPWAT could boost the economy by improving farmer livelihoods and freeing up land.

1. IRRIGATION PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT USING CROPWAT
AND CLIMWAT MODEL
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
SIDDHARTH UPADHYAY S ANBU KUMAR
2K15/HFE/15 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

2. INTRODUCTION
• For a country that consumes such large quantities of rice and
wheat, and leads the world in how much land it devotes to these
crops, India produces far lower quantities of these grains than it
could.
• EXAMPLE: Currently, India produces 106.19 million tonnes of rice a
year from 44 million hectares of land. That’s a yield rate of 2.4
tonnes per hectare, placing India at 27th place out of 47 countries.
China and Brazil have yield rates of 4.7 t/ha and 3.6 t/ha,
respectively. If Indian agricultural productivity was at these rates,
we could produce 205.52 million tonnes and 160.01 million tonnes
of rice, respectively.
• The flip side of this coin is that, if India increases its yield rates, it
could drastically reduce the amount of land needed to produce the
current quantity. For example, if India’s yield rate in rice was at
Chinese levels, we could halve the amount of land devoted to rice
cultivation—freeing up that land for other purposes.

3. OBJECTIVE
• Evaluate and predict a few month in advance
daily and total soil moisture deficit during cotton
vegetation period in rainfed and irrigated
condition;
• Compare various option for water supply and
irrigation management;
• Asses yield reduction due to crop stress under
rainfed conditions or deficit irrigation;
• Compare the model result and analyze the skill
level of seasonal forecast;

4. STUDY AREA

5. Function of CROPWAT model
• It is a method to support decision making for
irrigation planning and management;
• Calculates reference evapo-transpiration ,crop
water requirement and irrigation requirement;
• Develop irrigation schedule based on daily soil
moisture balance;
• Allows the development of recommendation for
improved irrigation practice , the planning of
irrigation schedules and the assessment of
production under rainfed condition or deficit
irrigation.

6. Input data used:
• Monthly mean climatic data:
• Measured during june to december(min. & max. temp., humidity, sunshine
duration, wind speed and monthly rainfall)
• Crop data:
• Real sowing date:10 june
• Standard crop coefficient ( Kc), crop yield data( Ky) and depletion fraction(P)
• Soil data:Information from the soil surveys carried out in the Rajolibanda area show
two
• distinct soil categories:
• • Red Sandy Loams, Red Loamy and Red Sandy, covering 23% of the command
• area, relatively shallow and free-draining, particularly suitable for upland
• crops;
• • Black Clay Soils, covering 77%, deep but poorly drained, suitable mainly for
• paddy and deep rooting crops like cotton.

8. POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

9. TEMPERATURE WIND SPEED
HUMIDITY SUNSHINE HOUR
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

10. TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY BEHAVIOUR IN KURNOOL

11. RAINFALL DATA AT KURNOOL STATION

13. CROP FACTOR FOR COTTON

14. CROP FACTOR FOR RICE

15. SOIL INFORMATION FOR COTTON

16. SOIL INFORMATION FOR RICE

17. CROP WATER REQUIREMENT FOR COTTON

18. CROP WATER REQUIREMENT OF RICE

19. IRRIGATION REQUIREMENT VS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF CROP
FOR COTTON

20. IRRIGATION REQUIREMENT VS
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF CROP
FOR RICE

21. IRRIGATION SCHEDULING

22. • CROP PATTERN FOR RICE

23. IRRIGATION SUPPLY SCHEME FOR RICE

24. CONCLUSION
• Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy.
• Over 58 per cent of the rural households depend on
agriculture as their principal means of livelihood.
• Agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry, is one of
the largest contributors to the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) .
• So significant increase in crop yield with use of
CROPWAT 8.0 will boost our economy .
• Increase in production will make the farmers livelihood
better.
• Increase in yield rate will also make land available for
some other useful purposes.

25. THANK YOU