5. Academic Style
MLA: Modern Languages Association
APA: American Psychological Association
Chicago: The University of Chicago, often
used in social science and history
6. Academic Style
MLA: Modern Languages Association
APA: American Psychological Association
Chicago: The University of Chicago, often
used in social science and history
AP: Associated Press
7. Academic Style
MLA: Modern Languages Association
APA: American Psychological Association
Chicago: The University of Chicago, often
used in social science and history
AP: Associated Press
AMA: American Medical Association
9. What’s in a Style?
Paper format:
Paper header and title
10. What’s in a Style?
Paper format:
Paper header and title
Quotation format
11. What’s in a Style?
Paper format:
Paper header and title
Quotation format
Citing sources:
12. What’s in a Style?
Paper format:
Paper header and title
Quotation format
Citing sources:
In-text citations
13. What’s in a Style?
Paper format:
Paper header and title
Quotation format
Citing sources:
In-text citations
Works Cited /
Bibliography
14. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
and In-Text Citations
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class.
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
15. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
and In-Text Citations
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class.
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
16. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class.
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
17. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class. •Instructor or
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word course name
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
18. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class. •Instructor or
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word course name
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
The Title:
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
19. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class. •Instructor or
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word course name
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
The Title:
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of •Centered
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
20. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class. •Instructor or
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word course name
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
The Title:
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of •Centered
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
•Same font,
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
same size
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct.
21. Imaginary McStudentson
English 101 The Header:
Paper 1 Draft 1 •4 or so lines
20 Sep 2010
MLA Formatting: Clarity, Grace,
•Name, date,
and In-Text Citations
assignment
To begin with, we get to the basics: we shall write essays in this class. •Instructor or
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, we have inherited the word course name
“essay” from the Middle English essai, noun form of essayer, meaning “to try
or attempt” (“essay”). This implies a few things: essays are spaces for
experimenting, developing, and discovering. They are also, by nature,
The Title:
unfinished. Both of these features—their exploratory natures and their lack of •Centered
finality—suggest something about the ways that essays should look, at least
•Same font,
according to the Modern Languages Association (MLA). In order to allow the
same size
reader to focus on the ideas present in the text, rather than the look or style of
the layout, formatting should be simple, standardized, and direct. •No bold, no
underline
31. In-Text Citations:
Watch the “Quote Sandwiches” slideshow
Two parts:
Signal Phrase in the quote introduction
(Sometimes) Parenthetical citation after
the quote
32. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182).
33. In-Text Citations:
The Signal
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is Phrase:
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182).
34. In-Text Citations:
The Signal
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is Phrase:
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and
•Preps the
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
reader
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182).
35. In-Text Citations:
The Signal
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is Phrase:
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
•Preps the
reader
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA •Identifies the
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the source, author,
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). or both
36. In-Text Citations:
The Signal
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is Phrase:
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and
•Preps the
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
reader
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA •Identifies the
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the source, author,
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). or both
•Establishes
ethos
37. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182).
38. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA •Isn’t always needed
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182).
39. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
•Isn’t always needed
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the •Gives author, if not
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). stated above
40. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
•Isn’t always needed
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the •Gives author, if not
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). stated above
•Tells page number,
if there is one
41. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
•Isn’t always needed
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the •Gives author, if not
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). stated above
•Tells page number,
if there is one
•“Short Title”
42. In-Text Citations:
The final aspect of MLA formatting, and the most daunting, is
the documentation of sources. According to Laurie Kirszner and The Paren-
Stephen Mandell’s Brief Handbook, “Documentation, the formal
thetical:
acknowledgment of the sources you use in your paper, enables your
•Isn’t always needede!
ls
readers to judge the quality and originality of your work…. MLA
E
•Gives author, if not
documentation uses parenthetical references in the body of the
i ng
paper keyed to a works-cited list at the end of the paper” (182). stated h
ot above
d N
•
A nTells page number,
if there is one
•“Short Title”
43. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
44. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
45. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent:
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
46. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent:
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
47. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent:
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
48. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Three basic types:
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
49. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Three basic types:
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ Print book
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. Print journal / magazine
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief Web source
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print.
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
50. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Three basic types:
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ Print book
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. Print journal / magazine
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief Web source
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print. Learn the basic formats:
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
51. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Three basic types:
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ Print book
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. Print journal / magazine
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief Web source
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print. Learn the basic formats:
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic Textbook, ch. 20
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009. Purdue Online Writing Lab
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.”
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web.
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
52. Works Cited
Works Cited:
Ban Comic Sans. N.P. N.D. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Double spaced
“Essay.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Hanging indent
Language, Fourth Edition. The Houghton Mifflin
Corporation, 2004. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
Three basic types:
Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ Print book
St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. Print journal / magazine
Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. The Brief Web source
Handbook. 4th Ed. Boston: Thomson/Heinle, 2004. Print. Learn the basic formats:
Postrel, Virginia. “What’s In a Font?” The Atlantic. The Atlantic Textbook, ch. 20
Monthly Group, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 21 Sep. 2009. Purdue Online Writing Lab
Van Wagener, Ann. “The Next Big Thing in Online Type.” Use Easybib (or similar) to create
Poynter Online. The Poynter Institute, 7 Mar. 2005. Web. the citations
21 Sep. 2009.
Warlick, David. Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark
Project, 2006. Web. 21 Sep. 2009.
56. What about APA?
Purdue Online Writing Lab
Everything’s an Argument,
Chapter 20
Learn the main differences:
57. What about APA?
Purdue Online Writing Lab
Everything’s an Argument,
Chapter 20
Learn the main differences:
Title Page (APA)
58. What about APA?
Purdue Online Writing Lab
Everything’s an Argument,
Chapter 20
Learn the main differences:
Title Page (APA)
Year of Publication after
author name
59. What about APA?
Purdue Online Writing Lab
Everything’s an Argument,
Chapter 20
Learn the main differences:
Title Page (APA)
Year of Publication after
author name
Lots of other little,
annoying differences