[2024]Digital Global Overview Report 2024 Meltwater.pdf
28 saket
1. ICAER - 2 0 1 3
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BOMBAY
BIODIESEL OBTAINED USING COTTONSEED OIL –
PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS
SAKET SANJAY KASHETTIWAR
&
SUMEDH SUDHIR BEKNALKAR
MASS TRANSFER LABORATORY
C H E M I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G D IV I S I O N
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
What Is Biodiesel?
• Alternate fuel,
• Transesterified product of vegetable oil
or animal fat
Why Biodiesel ?
• Price hike of petro products
• Depletion of fossil fuels
Advantages
• Used as a blend with commercial diesel
• No Sulfur and Lead
• Can be used in diesel engine without major modification
2
5. o Method 1:
Oil + Methanol
NaOH
Methyl Ester + Fatty Acids
60 C
o Method 2:
80 C
Oil + NaOH -- Oil Mixture + Methanol Methyl Ester + Fatty Acid
60 C
4
6. • Characterisation
Diesel index,
Cetane number,
Aniline point,
Density,
Specific gravity,
Flash point,
Fire point,
Kinetic viscosity,
Saponification value,
Iodine value,
Calorific value.
• Short term engine run tests:
Engine used was a single cylinder, water cooled 4-stroke kirloskar diesel
engine maintained at 1500 rpm
5
9. Comparison Of Yields Obtained For All Vegetable Oils By Method II
100
90
Biodiesel Yield (Vol %)
Neem
80
Once used
Corn
Cotton
70
Castor
Jatropha
60
Rice Bran
Mustard
Coconut
50
Gingilli
Sunflow er
40
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
Catalyst Co ncentratio n(Wt %)
8
0.6
0.65
0.7
11. Biodiesel Yield Of Different Feed Oils By Method II:
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
12. Characteristics of Biodiesel
Physical Property
Astm
Standards
Diesel
Oil
Biodiesel
Density(g/cc)
800
826.5
911
875
Specific Gravity
0.8
0.8265
0.911
0.875
Kinematic Viscosity
2.5-7.5
2.049
4.209
2.808
Diesel Index
Min 45
47.731
49.78
49.75
38.83
84.11
59.5
Aniline Point
-----
Flash Point
78
>300
162
Fire Point
Min 42o
82
>300
170
Saponification Value
Min 180
224
202
202
Iodine Value
Max 135
102
104
104
Cetane Number
Min 45
47.73
49.78
49.73
Calorific Value (MJ/Kg)
11
Min 38o
Min 33
42.57
41.2
41.2
13. Comparison Of Specific Fuel Consumption Of Engine For 3 Fuels
1.6
1.4
Specific Fuel Consumption
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Diesel
Cotton seed oil
0.2
Biodiesel
0
0
12
2
4
6
Break Horse Pow er
8
10
12
14. Comparison of Brake Thermal Efficiency of Engine for 3 Fuels
25
Break Thermal Efficiency
20
15
10
Diesel
5
Cotton seed oil
Biodiesel
0
0
2
4
6
Break Horse Pow er
13
8
10
12
15. Comparison of Mechanical Thermal Efficiency of Engine for 3 fuels
70
Mechanical Thermal Efficiency
60
50
40
30
20
Diesel
Cotton seed oil
10
Biodiesel
0
0
14
2
4
6
Break Horse Pow er
8
10
12
16. CONCLUSIONS
The second method of alkali base catalyzed transesterification process gave
a yield of above 92%, with a catalyst concentration of 0.5% (weight %) of
NaOH and 25 (volume %) of methanol at 65°C and
the fuel properties of bio-diesel produced from cotton oil sources match with
diesel oil specifications as per the prescribed methods when compared with
the latest American Standard Testing Methods.
The engine performance with the bio-diesel and the vegetable oil blends of
various origins was similar to that of the neat diesel fuel with nearly the same
brake thermal efficiency, showing higher specific fuel consumption and
mechanical thermal efficiency for the high load.
Based on the above results, the cottonseed bio-diesel produced can be
recommended for short term usage during acute shortages.
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17. REFERENCES
•
Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., Mounts, T.L., 1984. Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters
from transesterified vegetable Oils. Journal of American Oil Chem. Society 61, 1638–1643.
•
Carraretto C, Macor A, Mirandola A, Stoppato A, Tonon S. 2004. Biodiesel as alternative
fuel: experimental analysis and energetic evaluations. Energy, 29:2195–211.
•
O’Brien RD., 1998.Fats and oils: formulating and processing for applications.USA:
Technomic Publishing Co. Inc.
•
Clark S.T. Wagner, L.Schrock,M.D.&Piennar F.G.,1984. Methyl and Ethyl Soya Bean Esters
and renewable Fuels for Diesel Engine. Journal of American Oil Chemists society., 61,
632-638.
•
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•
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meeting presentation, Chicago, IL, June 18–23. Paper No. 6738.
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18. REFERENCES
•
M.A. Fazal, A.S.M.A. Haseeb, H.H. Masjuki ―Biodiesel feasibility study: An evaluation of material
compatibility; performance; emission and engine durability‖ Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 15 (2011) 1314–1324.
•
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conditions.Preliminary results‖ Fuel Processing Technology‖ 103 (2012) 9–15.
•
H. An, W.M. Yang, S.K. Chou, K.J. Chua ―Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine
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•
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•
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•
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methods
for
bio-diesel
19. REFERENCES
•
Y. Shimada, Y.Watanabe, T. Samukawa, A. Sugihara, H. Noda, H. Fukuda, Y. Tominaga, 1999.
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•
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•
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•
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•
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•
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