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Causatives and Permissives

                            A Primer



                                       Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Disclaimer



               The slideshows in this series are not meant to be comprehensive,
               but rather starting points for further study by Intermediate
               students of ESL (English as a Second Language).




                                                      Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Causatives/Permissives: Definition

               We use causatives and permissives when the
               subject of a sentence does not do an action, but
               rather causes or permits another agent to do an
               action.
               For example, whenever you want, have, allow
               someone to do something, you are using a causative or
               permissive.

                                               Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Terms

               Subject: The person who initiates the action.
               Main (or functional) verb: The verb that gets
               conjugated (the subject’s verb)
               Agent: The person who will do the action.
               Causative verb: The agent’s verb
               Object: The thing to be acted upon by the agent

                                             Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
General Rules


               There are 3 common structures used.
               Some main verbs can be used in several
               structures, others are specific to that structure.
               Causatives and permissives do not use
               subordinate clauses.


                                               Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Structures


                                    Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Causative I

        Subject               Object                                    Agent




    I have my hair washed at the hair salon (by a hairdresser)
                  Main Verb            Causative Verb




                   Passive voice
                   Causative verb is in participle form
                   Agent not always necessary, “by” precedes


                                                               Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Causative II

                Subject           Agent            Object




           I have the hairdresser cut my hair at the hair salon
                      Main Verb   Causative Verb




                   Active voice
                   Causative verb is in root form
                   Agent is direct object


                                                       Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Causative III

                Subject           Agent            Object




          I get the hairdresser to cut my hair at the hair salon
                      Main Verb   Causative Verb




                   Active voice
                   Causative verb is in infinitive form
                   Agent is direct object


                                                       Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010
Common Main Verbs for Causatives and
                         Permissives

        Causative I         Causative II       Causative III
          have                 have                get
           get                  let             persuade
          want                 make               allow
        would like                                want
                                                would like




                                           Peter Mangiaracina
Monday, December 20, 2010

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Causatives and Permissives

  • 1. Causatives and Permissives A Primer Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 2. Disclaimer The slideshows in this series are not meant to be comprehensive, but rather starting points for further study by Intermediate students of ESL (English as a Second Language). Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 3. Causatives/Permissives: Definition We use causatives and permissives when the subject of a sentence does not do an action, but rather causes or permits another agent to do an action. For example, whenever you want, have, allow someone to do something, you are using a causative or permissive. Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 4. Terms Subject: The person who initiates the action. Main (or functional) verb: The verb that gets conjugated (the subject’s verb) Agent: The person who will do the action. Causative verb: The agent’s verb Object: The thing to be acted upon by the agent Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 5. General Rules There are 3 common structures used. Some main verbs can be used in several structures, others are specific to that structure. Causatives and permissives do not use subordinate clauses. Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 6. Structures Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 7. Causative I Subject Object Agent I have my hair washed at the hair salon (by a hairdresser) Main Verb Causative Verb Passive voice Causative verb is in participle form Agent not always necessary, “by” precedes Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 8. Causative II Subject Agent Object I have the hairdresser cut my hair at the hair salon Main Verb Causative Verb Active voice Causative verb is in root form Agent is direct object Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 9. Causative III Subject Agent Object I get the hairdresser to cut my hair at the hair salon Main Verb Causative Verb Active voice Causative verb is in infinitive form Agent is direct object Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010
  • 10. Common Main Verbs for Causatives and Permissives Causative I Causative II Causative III have have get get let persuade want make allow would like want would like Peter Mangiaracina Monday, December 20, 2010

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Hello. My name is Peter Mangiaracina. I am a psychologist. I have been teaching people to speak English and speak more effectively for more than 25 years. I use a cognitive approach to language learning.\n\nThis presentation deals with a very common structure in English called the Causative.\n
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