Power electronic circuits have revolutionised almost every device that we use today from PC's to TV's, microwave ovens and heavy industrial drives. Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) have thus become an important part of equipment design in all types of industrial equipment and an understanding of the different types and designs has become essential for reliable operation of complex equipment. This workshop gives you a fundamental understanding of the basic components that form a SMPS design. You will understand how the selection of components affects the different performance parameters and operation of the SMPS. Typical practical applications of the SMPSs in industry will be discussed. The concluding section of the workshop gives you the fundamental tools in troubleshooting SMPS designs confidently and effectively. Even though the focus of the workshop is on the direct application of this technology, you will also gain a thorough understanding of the problems that can be introduced by SMPSs such as harmonics, electrostatic discharge and EMC/EMI problems. WHO SHOULD ATTEND? Anyone associated with the use of power electronics and switch mode power supply design techniques in the industrial or automation environment. The workshop will also benefit those working in system design as well as site commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting. Typical personnel who would benefit are: Application engineers Component suppliers Electrical and electronic maintenance Instrument for control engineers Product designers Product managers Sales engineers Service technicians Supervisors Technicians MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/power-electronics-and-switch-mode-power-supply-38

1. Power Electronics and Switch
Mode Power Supply
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2. Objectives
• Understand the basic principle of Power Supply Unit
• Study Series and Shunt Regulators
• Know what are the implications of Power supply
• Study Linear Regulator
• Know the power supply specifications
• Understand the block diagram of SMPS
• Explore Heater as SMPS
• Compare SMPS and Linear Supplies
• Study Buck and Boost Types of Switch-mode regulators
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3. Basic Principles of PSU Circuits
• Power Supply :
Provides power with the characteristics
required by the load
Block diagram of PSU
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4. Dissipative Power Supplies
• Regulation by a conversion of excessive power to heat
• Converts heat with either a series or a shunt element
• Series Regulators:
• Shunt Regulators:
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5. Dissipative Power Supplies
• Vin = Vo * (1 + SQRT (1-a)) / a
Where,
• a = 1-tolerance
• R2 = a * (Vin – Vo) / Imax
• Imax = Maximum load current
• Shunt Regulators :
• Implications of Power Loss :
Equal Thermal Density Vs Efficiency
• Three systems with the same
electronic load with power supplies of
three different efficiencies, 35%, 65%,
and 83%.
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6. Linear Regulator
(a) (b) (c)
• Linear Regulator (a) : Output voltage Vo = Vi (R2/R1 + R2)
• Passive Linear Regulators (b) : Vo = Vz – Vbe
• Active Linear Regulators (c) Vo = Vref (R4 / R5)
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7. Linear Regulator
• Advantages:
– Extremely low ripple and noise
– Tight regulation
– Fast Transient Response
– No RFI and EMI
• Disadvantages:
– Efficiency Main regulator 45%
– Large heat sink required
– Lower power supply density
– Cost and efficiency are the limitations for high current
applications
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8. Power Supply Specifications
• DC Output Voltage(s) VO
(range)
• DC Output Current(s) IO
(range)
• Load regulation % or mV
• Line Regulation % or mV
• Ripple / Wideband noise mV
• Temperature Coefficient μV
per º C
• Load Transient Recovery time
μs
• Short Circuit protection SCP
• Over voltage protection OVP
• Under voltage protection
• Temperature Rating 0 – 17 º C or
-55 to 100 º C
• RFI suppression +EMI shielding
• DC output isolation
• Input voltage range
• Size and shape
• Weight
• Connectors
• Turn on / turn off spikes
• Voltage rate-of-rise at turn on
• Vibration resistance
• Shutdown mode supply current
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9. Common parameters
• Input Range :
For 110V AC current, an input range of 90V – 135V
For a 220V current, a range of 180V – 270V
• MTBF and MTTF :
Mean Time between Failure (MTBF) and Mean Time to
Failure (MTTF) are the two parameters related to the
failure of the power supply
• Peak Inrush Current :
Greatest amount of current drawn by the power supply at a given
moment immediately after it is turned on
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10. Common parameters
• Transient Response :
Amount of time taken by a power supply to stabilize
the output power levels after a device in the system
starts or stops drawing power
• Load Current :
Maximum load current
Minimum load current
• Hold-up Time :
Amount of time that a power supply can maintain output
within the specified voltage ranges after a loss of input
power
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11. Common parameters
Trip points for each output at which the power
supply shunts down
• Over-voltage Protection :
Change in the voltage for a particular output as
it transitions from its minimum load to its
maximum load (or voce versa)
• Load Regulation :
Change in the output voltage as the AC input
voltage transitions from the lowest to the
highest value of the input range
• Line regulation :
• Efficiency : Ratio of power input to power output expressed
in terms of percentage
• Power Density : Defined as watts per cubic inch
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12. Common parameters
• Dimension : Physical dimensions and can be given in inches
(in) or millimeters (mm)
• Weight : Specified in pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg)
Fan Size
Fan Bearing Type
Voltage
Capacity
• Fan Characteristics :
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13. SMPS Block Diagram
• Functional Block Diagram of SMPS :
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14. Switching Mode Power Supplies
• Heater :
Heater schematic Heater Waveform
• Duty Cycle = Ton / (Ton + Toff)
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15. Linear and SMPS Comparison
• Efficiency :
Efficiency comparisons between series pass
and switch mode power supply
• Cost :
Cost comparison between series
pass and switch mode power
supply
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16. Linear and SMPS Comparison
• Volume / Weight :
Volume / Weight comparison between series pass and SMPS
• Adjustable Frequency :
Switch mode allows adjusting the frequency from 1 to 300 kHz
• Flexibility :
SMPS more flexible due to capability of adjusting frequency
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17. Linear and SMPS Comparison
• Noise :
Noise comparison between
series pass and SMPS
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18. Linear and SMPS Comparison
• Transient Response :
• 20 KHz Switcher Vs Linear
Performance :
Parameter Switcher Linear
Efficiency 75% 30%
Size 2.0 W / in3 0.5 W / in3
Weight 40 W / lb 10 W / lb
Cost (200 – 500 W) $ 1.00 / W $ 1.25 / W
Cost (50 – 150 W) $ 1.50 / W $ 1.50 / W
Line and Load
Regulation
0.1 % 0.1%
Output Ripple Vp-p 50 mV 5.0 mV
Noise Vp-p 50 – 200 mV 20 mV
Transient Response 1 ms 20 μs
Hold-up Time 20 – 30 ms 1 – 2 ms
Design Complex Simple
Power Density High Low
Input Line Filter Required Not-required
EMI High Low
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19. Linear and SMPS Comparison
• Advantages:
Offer better energy control
Less Weight
Higher density (Watts / in3 )
Provide modularization
Provides additional alternatives to optimize audio
design circuitry
•Disadvantages:
EMI filtering &shielding is required
Noise
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20. Summary
• A Power Supply
– a buffer circuit or Electronic Device that provides power
with the characteristics required by the load from a primary
source with characteristics incompatible with the load
• Dissipative regulators
– Conversion of excessive power to heat
• Linear Regulator
– A voltage divider circuit
• SMPS
– Minimal power loss during power conversion
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21. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information,
please visit:
http://idc-online.com/slideshare
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