1. Practical Experiences of Targeting
Clare Bishop-Sambrook
Bishop-
March 2009, IFAD, Rome
Targeting: An integral part of IFAD’s identity
• Clear poverty focus
• Always looks at how to engage
with poor to address poverty,
particularly important with policy
shift to wealth creation
• Practical projects on ground,
not over-emphasise systems
and agencies at centre
• Helps to keep other donors
thinking about the poor
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2. Targeting makes a difference:
Irrigation and Rural Livelihoods Project, Malawi
IRLADP design before targeting Design after IFAD targeting
• Focused on larger irrigation • Widened range of irrigation
schemes (including pumping) schemes (small, mini, lower cost)
• Roof water harvesting on private • RWH on public buildings; runoff
roofs harvesting for livestock ponds,
backyard gardens
• Introduced grant ceilings
• Lack of clarity regarding use of
farmers’ fund • Farmer group formation and
capacity building
• Gender and HIV/AIDS
• Minimal attention to gender and
mainstreamed
HIV/AIDS
Overview of targeting approach
Poverty and livelihoods analysis with
gender perspective
Targeting strategy
Target group and priority needs
Geographic/ Empowering Self Direct Enabling
commodity
Procedural M&E
M&E; implementation support
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3. Stage 1: Poverty and livelihoods analysis:
Rural Livelihoods and Econ Enhancement Prog, Malawi
Secondary data
• Rural poverty and food security
• Position of women and FHHs
• HIV/AIDS epidemic
• Policy responses
Primary data
• Wealth ranking and inter-relationships
of smallholders
• Wealth ranking and inter-relationships
of other actors in value chain
• Gender analysis
Groundnut value chain: actors
Farm Off-farm
Transporters
Traders
Growers Middlemen
Well-off
Seed producers Local processors
(mechanised)
5%
Transporters
Growers
Middle wealth Traders
Some seed producers
Vendors
30% Primary assemblers
Primary assemblers
Growers Poor Local processors
Labourers
(hand)/retailers
Rent out land
50%
Labourers Labourers - shelling
Very poor
Rent out land 15%
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4. Irish potato VC: Resource flows
Rich farmers
seed
potatoes
potatoes
potatoes
Well-off farmers
Very poor
potatoes
potatoes seed
potatoes
seed
Poor farmers Middle wealth farmers
potatoes
Value chain: HIV prevalence rates
Mzuzu
Lilongwe
Chipata
Nampula,
Beira,
Quelimane
Ntcheu
Blantyre
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5. VC development risks
Equity issues • benefits captured by elite
• no trickle down to poorer value chain actors
• some categories of actors lose their position in VC
Gender issues
• women's workloads increase but they have no share in
additional income
• women disempowered if their traditional enterprises
become more profitable and men take over benefits
• increase risk of HIV infection by strengthening market
HIV/AIDS issues
linkages, encouraging greater mobility and generating
increased incomes
• livelihood vulnerability differs between chain actors
Stage 2: Targeting strategy
Commodity/geographical targeting
Enabling Self targeting
Empowering
• VC mapping and • Small grant facility
• Participation + representation
analysis of Agricultural
in VC process and bodies
methodology Commercialisation
• Community sensitisation and
• VC stakeholder Fund
mobilisation
workshops
• Stabilising rural
• Communication strategy
• Capacity building of livelihoods
service providers
• Formation/strengthening
• Poverty + gender farmer groups + other small
mainstreaming enterprises
• Capacity building for VC
actors in basic business
skills + entrepreneurship
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6. Strategy (continued)
Procedural M&E
• TOR – PSU staff • Poverty and gender targets
• Selection criteria for • Benefit monitoring, impact
implementation partners, assessment
service providers • MTR
Stage 3: Implementation support:
District Livelihoods Support Prog, Uganda
Broad outreach
Targeted outreach
Well Participatory
Agri-business and enterprise -off planning
development
Infrastructure
FAL II business management Economically
development
active poor
Land management
FAL classes
Agriculture productivity
Transitory poor
Food security
Poorer
Household mentoring Poorest
Concerns: lack of synergy, emerging gap, inaccurate targeting
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7. Household mentoring: The ‘wow’ factor
• Individual HH visits by ext officer
• Plan and set vision with adult HH
members
• Prepare HH action plan
• Share benefits together
• Indirectly address gender issues
• Basis for VCT, HIV/AIDS planning
‘The household approach, together with the entrepreneurship
training, has made a huge change in our lives. We already had
the technical skills for growing crops but we needed the
household approach to make them work.’ Zambia ASP farmer
HH mentoring: Getting targeting right
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8. Summary
Targeting tools Targeting activities
• Wealth ranking and pyramid • Sensitising implementers about
importance of targeting
• Component analysis
• Setting targets
• Strategy and matrix
• VC mapping with poverty and
• PCU prepares guidelines
gender perspectives
• Empowering poor and vulnerable to
enter mainstream
• Ring-fencing funds/activities to
target poor and vulnerable
• HH mentoring
On field visits with IFAD, one always sees the beneficiaries
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