This paper presents an energy saving technique for optical networks without loss of dignity of Quality of service. This paper emphasis on the energy minimization of technologies in optical network. One simple method toconsume energy is to switched off an unused element, so the power consumption cuts by around 20% and network resources saved by 29%.

1. 75 ICRTEDC -2014
Vol. 1, Spl. Issue 2 (May, 2014) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
GV/ICRTEDC/18
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
OPTICAL NETWORKS
Roop kamal kaur
Gurukul Vidyapeeth Institute of Engineering and Technology, Banur
Roopkamal7@gmail.com
Abstract-This paper presents an energy saving technique
for optical networks without loss of dignity of Quality of
service. This paper emphasis on the energy minimization
of technologies in optical network. One simple method to
consume energy is to switched off an unused element, so
the power consumption cuts by around 20% and network
resources saved by 29%. The efficient solution for
minimizing energy consumption is optical burst switching.
It can be done by modifying the number of OBS (optical
burst switched) parameters. For transparent optical
network, we use the cluster based architecture for
minimizing the energy consumption. In this paper, we
study the new techniques for energy consumption.
Keywords: Optical network, Core network, Energy
management, OBS network, QoS.
I. INTRODUCTION
A data network built on fibre-optics technology, which
sends data digitally, as light, through connected fibre
stands. Optical networks offer an enormous increase in
both transmission capacity and speed from traditional
copper wire-based networks. Some techniques are defined
in this paper that improves the energy efficiency in the
optical networks. Through an optical network uses the
light as a transmission medium and this network is the
fastest conveying network. It works by using an optical
transmitter device to convert an electrical signal received
from a network node into light pulses, which are then
placed on a fibre optic cable for transport to a receiving
device.
Optical Network can be used for providing high
bandwidth. Optical Networks are high capacity networks.
Unlike copper based networks, the light pulses of an
optical network may be transported quite a distance until
the pulses are regenerated through an optical repeater
device. When a signal is delivered over the network to
destination, then it is converted into an electrical signal
through an optical receiver device and sent to a recipient
node.
Moreover, an optical network is less prone to external
inference and attenuation and can achieve substantially
higher bandwidth speeds than copper networks. Optical
fibres typically include transparent core surrounding by a
transparent cladding with a lower index of refraction.
Fibres that support many transverse modes are called
multi-mode fibres (MMF), while other support single
mode is called single-mode fibres.
Fig1. Generic operator network architecture and domains
covered by TREND.
Fig2. Telecoms Network Hierarchy
Advantages
a. Large Bandwidth Distance Product.
b. Very low cost per unit bandwidth.
c. Immunity to noise and interference.
d. Tapping of signal from fibre without being
detected-difficult.
Due to these advantages, Optical fibre networks have high
capacity. It can be used for providing the high bandwidth
services.
All optical networks are Broadcast and switched. In
Broadcast network, optical signal is transmitted and
received by everyone. In Switched networks, Optical
signal is transmitted and switched through a specific path
and received by the designated receiver.

2. ICRTEDC-2014 76
II. CORE NETWORK
Core network is usually referred to a backbone
infrastructure of a telecom network that interconnects
large cities.
Core network can carry huge amount of traffic and is
based on pattern of mesh interconnection. Some Optical
technologies are used in core network to support basic
physical infrastructure and can achieve high speed,
scalability, high capacity.
Fig3. Core Network
To manage optical network various high-level
management technologies and equipments have been
developed. For Example, network architectures over
SONET/ SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and IP
over WDM (wavelength-Division Multiplexing).
Fig4. Telecommunication Networks
III. RELATED WORKS
IV. For an Optical networks, some potential energy savings
are evaluated with full wavelength capability. The main
method is to switched off unused resources so that more
power consumption is reduced, since in [1] active links
and nodes can be reduced up to 25%. With the help of
anycast principle, we can judge the additional effect on
energy budget. Anycast principle is better than unicast
principle.
Another method is cluster based architectures in which
sleep mode is adopted by core nodes. Wavelength routing
path acts as intermediate node which does not take any
new light paths. When sleep mode is used then network
connectivity deceases and lost request increases. In this
method, nodes are divided into disjoints sets and single
cluster is formed by more than one nodes. These clusters
can be set in a way so that they can adopt a sleep mode
which is initiated by the optical control plane.
When the mode of a cluster is sleep, then the network
connectivity decreases and more requests will drop. For
decreasing the dropping of requests, new technique is
proposed called any casting communication paradigm.
By using any casting communication, single destination is
selected from the desired set of destination. Because of
intermediate node that belongs to cluster in an OFF state, a
destination cannot be reached but by using unicasting, a
next available destination can be chosen. Destination
which is chosen can be at longer distance that increases
the bit-error-rate (BER) and propagation delay.
a. Energy per bit
Here, we calculate the amount of energy to transmit an
optical bit across WRN. Two approaches are used, (a)
Energy associated with the transmission of one bit over
fibre, (b) Energy consumed by a router (WRN) for
switching an optical signal.
The Total average time to transmit 1 bit (optical) over a
channel is the inverse of the average bit rate (B).
Fig5. Wavelength routed node used in network architecture
According to the number of amplifiers used and loss in the
signal power, Optical signals and ASE powers will vary.
Based on the network architecture figure shown, we can
calculate energy per bit required to transmit an optical bit
across the WRN.
b. Optical Burst Switching
Optical Burst switching is an optical networking technique
that allows dynamic sub-wavelength switching of data.
Optical Burst switching is viewed as a comprise between
the yet unfeasible full optical packet switching (OPS) and
the mostly static optical circuit switching (OCS).
OBS is different because OBS control information is sent
separately in advance in optical channel and then to allow
the timely setup of an optical light path to transport the
soon-to-arrive payload, those control signals can
electronically processed. This is known as delayed
reservation.
V. ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM
Energy Efficient Routing (EER) Algorithm also helps to
provide the necessary QoS for established route. The time
duration in which an WRN cuts off the traffic routed
through it and adopts an OFF state is called a sleep cycle.

3. 77 ICRTEDC -2014
Energy consumption costs can be reduced by the sleep
cycles.
WRNs are relatively switched off so that transient traffic is
not allowed but traffic from source to destination is
handled. Quality of service (QoS) can degrade in terms of
bit-error-rate and propagation delays due to these sleep
cycles.
a. Burst Header Packet Signalling
Network Element Vector (NEVs) can be maintained by
using Burst Control Packet (BCP), or Burst Header Packet
(BHP) and update them as they traverse each network
element (NE), in this case
WRN.
Fig6. Burst Header Packet Fields Used in EER algorithm [6],[7]
At each network element , the source, destination set and ,
NEV fields are updated. Now the new NEV is compared
with the threshold field and depending on the threshold
requirement, the bursts are scheduled or dropped.
In this paper, we have reviewed the various techniques to
minimize the energy consumption in optical networks.
These can further be enhanced and implement using NS2.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper we proposed an energy efficient and routing
approach for optical networks, which cuts off ideal
network elements. By using this approach the energy will
be conserved. In optical channel required energy is
transmitted using bits. By using BHP signalling and
anycast communication the energy will be minimized and
conserved. Sleep cycles are proposed for WRN. Using the
sleep mode 30 to 60% energy will be conserved. We have
also defined an Energy efficient Routing algorithm for
minimising power consumption. Further work can be
enhanced by using load balancing approach for sleep
mode.
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