Webinar: Quantum Revolution Is Here (2022)

Immo Salo, Qubit Value Oy, 2022
Quantum Revolution
is here!
Immo Salo

Immo Salo
● Public speaking since 2003
● Entrepreneur since 2006
● Published author since 2010

Immo Salo, books
Pub. 2010 Pub. 2012 Pub. 2013 Pub. 2014
Cloud computing,
book 1
Big Data Big data and Cloud
Computing
Currently writing the next one about Quantum Computing
Cloud computing,
book 2

Podcast

Quantum Revolution

Quantum Revolution is coming
https://fortune.com/2020/12/01/quantum-computing-could-reach-the-market-by-2023-says-ibm-ceo/
“The impact [of quantum computing] on our clients...
is going to be in the hundreds of billions of dollars”
Arvind Krishna, CEO IBM

Quantum Computers are already here and ready to be used
https://www.vttresearch.com/en/news-and-ideas/finlands-first-5-qubit-quantum-computer-now-operational
“Finland's first 5-qubit quantum
computer is now operational”
30.11.2021
IQM
www.meetiqm.com

Quantum Comuputing
market size

$1 000 billion
Quantum market in 2035
(McKinsey & Viva Techonologies)
In the future:

Market evolution (source: BCG)
Time horizon 3-5 years
(now we are here)
+10 years +20 years
Era NISQ
(Noicy Intermediate-Scale Quantum)
Broad Quantum
Advantage
Full-scale Fault
Tolerance
Estimated yearly
revenue
(operating income)
$2-$5 billion $25-$50 billion $450-$850 $billion
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/quantum-computers-create-value-when
Business areas beneﬁting the most:
Medical research, new material development, prototyping/simulating real world, ﬁnancial industry
Another: “..to grow from USD 486.1 million in 2021 to USD 3,180.9 million in 2028, exhibiting a CAGR of 30.8%”
(Fortune Buisness Insights)

Investments in quantum computing companies are increasing
● Private equity by the end of the year 2021:
● Public funding by the end of the year 2021:
$3 billion
$30 billion
McKinsey “The Rise of Quantum Computing”: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/the-rise-of-quantum-computing

First “pure quantum” listings
● Quantum Computing Inc $80M
○ Jul 14 2021 QUBT in Nasdaq
● IONQ Inc $1000M
○ Oct 01 2021 IONQ in NYSE
● Rigetti Computing Inc $220M
○ Mar 02, 2022 RGTI in Nasdaq
● D-Wave Quantum Inc $745M
○ Aug 08, 2022 QBTS in NYSE
Market Capital 09/2022

There are continuous announcements about new quantum machines
https://ionq.com/news/september-09-2021-ionq-triples-expectation-for-2021 , https://thequantumdaily.com/2021/09/21/cq-nippon-steel-scientists-forging-path-to-algorithms-that-can-simulate-materials-on-todays-quantum-computers/ , https://fortune.com/2021/09/22/ibm-quantum-computing-accelerator-training/amp
09.06.2022
12.05.2022
11.05.2022
19.05.2022

Quantum Computer

What is quantum computing?
“Quantum computing is the use of quantum phenomena
such as superposition and entanglement to perform
computation. Computers that perform quantum
computations are known as quantum computers.”
Wikipedia: Quantum Computing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing

Key concepts: ‘superposition’, ‘entanglement’, ‘observation’
Superposition:
A system can be in multiple positions at once
Entanglement:
Two systems are interacting with each other
Observation:
Superposition collapses and qubits become bits

Key elements of a quantum computer
● Space (cooling, controlling the interferrence...)
An area that houses the qubits
● Communication (microwaves, laser, voltage...)
A method for transferring signals to the qubits
● Control (interface to use)
A classical computer to run a program and send instructions
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/overview/what-is-quantum-computing/#how-it-works

“Quantum Stack”
Applications
Quantum Software
Quantum Hardware
Computational problems Quantum simulation
Digital control Analog control
Electronics Quantum register Detection system
Laser controls

Bits and qubits
Bit (traditional computer):
Either 0 or 1
Qubit (quantum computer):
In superposition in between of 0 and 1
So x qubits can express simultaneously 2x
states
“For example, today’s computers use eight bits to represent any number between 0 and 255. Thanks to features like
superposition, a quantum computer can use eight qubits to represent every number between 0 and 255, simultaneously”
∣ψ⟩ = α∣0⟩ + β∣1⟩
AND
∣α∣2
+ ∣β∣2
= 1

What are those qubits made of?
LUOKKA KUVAUS TULKINTA
Spin Spin orientation
0 = pointing up
1 = pointing down
Photon Polarization
(or path, or time)
0 = horizontal
1 = vertical
Trapped atom / ion Energy state
0 = low energy state
1 = high energy state
Superconducting circuit Current flow
0 = clockwise current
1 = counterclockwise current
https://uwaterloo.ca/institute-for-quantum-computing/quantum-101/quantum-information-science-and-technology/what-qubit

What kind of qubits different companies are using?
Superconducting qubits Trapped ion qubits
Cold and neutral atom qubits
Photonic qubits
Lähde: Strangeworks (www.strangeworks.com)

Qubit counts at the moment
The number of qubits is still quite low but increasing rapidly
Yritys Qubitit Vuosi
IonQ 32 2020
Google / Sycamore 54 2020
IQM (Finland) 50 2024
IBM 127 2021
IBM 1000 2023
Fujitsu & Riken 1000 2025
D-Wave Systems 5000* 2020
* this example has different approach to how to implement quantum computing: quantum annealing

In addition to qubit count there are other measures
● Few examples of metrics:
○ Quantum Volume
○ CLOPS - Circuit Layer Operations Per Second
https://research.ibm.com/blog/circuit-layer-operations-per-second

Quantum gates
1
0
1
AND-
gate
0
1
1
1
AND-
gate
1
Classical computer
0
Hadamard
gate
0
1
Quantum Computer
Qubit in
superposition - Hadamard
- Pauli (X, Y, Z)
- Toffoli
- Deutch
- CNOT
jne.

Quantum computing ﬂow and quantum circuit
Gates (X, H, CX)
qubits
measurement

How it looks in code
(Qiskit-example)
import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile
from qiskit.providers.aer import QasmSimulator
from qiskit.visualization import plot_histogram
# Use Aer's qasm_simulator
simulator = QasmSimulator()
# Create a Quantum Circuit acting on the q register
circuit = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
# Add a H gate on qubit 0
circuit.h(0)
# Add a CX (CNOT) gate on control qubit 0 and target qubit 1
circuit.cx(0, 1)
# Map the quantum measurement to the classical bits
circuit.measure([0,1], [0,1])
# compile the circuit down to low-level QASM instructions
# supported by the backend (not needed for simple circuits)
compiled_circuit = transpile(circuit, simulator)
# Execute the circuit on the qasm simulator
job = simulator.run(compiled_circuit, shots=1000)
# Grab results from the job
result = job.result()
# Returns counts
counts = result.get_counts(compiled_circuit)
print("nTotal count for 00 and 11 are:",counts)
# Draw the circuit
circuit.draw()
Here we are using a simulator so the code can be run
on a local machine
H → Hadamar Gate
Build
Compile
Run
Analyze
Fetch results
List results
Visualize the circuit
First list is qubits, second list is bits
Number of runs (conﬁgurable, defaul 1024)

Previous example, result after 1000 runs
Run 1:
Run 2:
After 1 000 simulated
runs we can see that
there is slight variation
in the result set
Results after 1000 runs:
Results after 1000 runs:

Practical example: real random
https://www.quintessencelabs.com/products/qstream-quantum-true-random-number-generator/ |
Tutorial: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/tutorial-qdk-quantum-random-number-generator?tabs=tabid-qsharp

Who will beneﬁt ﬁrst?

HPC - High Performance Computing
● 76% of HPC data centers worldwide plan to use quantum computing by 2023
● 71% plan to move to on-premises quantum computing by 2026
https://meetiqm.com/articles/press-releases/atos-and-iqm-study-ﬁnds-76-of-global-hpc-data-centers-to-use-quantum-computing-by-2023/
Planned use cases - top 4:
○ Searching databases (59 %)
○ Investment risk analysis (45 %)
○ Molecular modelling (41 %)
○ Asset Management (32 %)

Key industries to first benefit from quantum computing
Disruptive impact:
1. Sustainable energy
2. Chemicals
3. Pharmaceuticals
Significant impact:
Oil&Gas, Automotive and assembly, Aerospace and defence, Advanced electronics, Semiconductors, Financial industry,
Telecommunications, Logistics
R&D
Simulations and optimization
Risk and portfolio management
McKinsey “The Rise of Quantum Computing”: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/the-rise-of-quantum-computing
https://investmentmonitor.ai/tech/five-ways-quantum-computing-will-change-the-world

Areas of use for quantum computing
● Quantum Simulation
○ model complex molecules
● Optimization
○ solving multivariable problems with unprecedented speed
● Quantum Artiﬁcial Intelligence (QAI)
○ better algorithms
● Prime Factorization
○ which could revolutionize encryption.
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/a-game-plan-for-quantum-computing#
Breaking security?

Examples

Quantum Simulation → example: modeling penicillin
“For scientists trying to design a compound that will attach itself to, and modify, a
target disease pathway, the critical ﬁrst step is to determine the electronic
structure of the molecule. But modeling the structure of a molecule of an
everyday drug such as penicillin, which has 41 atoms at ground state, requires a
classical computer with some 1086
bits—more transistors than there are atoms in
the observable universe. Such a machine is a physical impossibility.
https://image-src.bcg.com/Images/BCG-Where-Will-Quantum-Computers-Create-Value%E2%80%94and-When-May-2019_tcm23-227603.pdf
But for quantum computers, this type of simulation is well within the realm of
possibility, requiring a processor with 286 quantum bits, or qubits.”

Quantum Optimization → example: ﬁnd the fastest route
“The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is an algorithmic problem tasked with
ﬁnding the shortest route between a set of points and locations that must be
visited. In the problem statement, the points are the cities a salesperson might
visit.” (Techtarget)
Example (Avanade, Netherlands)

Quantum AI → example: image recognition (modified dataset)
Google demonstrated the usage of a quantum algorithm and compared it with
classical machine learning solution
https://www.tensorflow.org/quantum/tutorials/quantum_data
In this demo the dataset was modified so
that it favored the quantum approach

Try it yourself: Pennylane-tutorial
◉ PennyLane allows you to train quantum circuits the same way as neural networks. It can be used with:
○ PyTorch
○ TensorFlow
Quanvolutional network and MNIST images: https://pennylane.ai/qml/demos/tutorial_quanvolution.html

Quantum Factorization → example: breaking the 2048-bit RSA
“How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits”
https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-04-15-433/
“Far Fewer Qubits Required for ‘Quantum Memory’ Quantum Computers
[about 14 000 qubits]”
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v14/s117

Evolving quantum ecosystem

Quantum ecosystem in Finland
https://quantumcomputing.substack.com/p/ﬁnland-the-quantum-superpower
Quantum Ecosystem
in Finland

Quantum-Computing-as-a-Service
QCaaS

“This is the way”

Examples of QCaaS -providers at the moment
Provider and service name Starting year
IBM Quantum Experience 2016
Alibaba 2018
D-Wave Systems, LEAP 2018
Rigetti, QCS 2019
Amazon, AWS Braket 2019
Microsoft Azure Quantum 2020
Strangeworks QC 2021
Google Quantum Computing Service ????*
*in 09/2022 still in the early access status

Try it yourself
Try it yourself: https://app.quantumcomputing.com/partners/qubitvalue

Big 4 of the cloud
◉ Microsoft - role now: broker
◉ Amazon - role now: broker
◉ IBM - role now: own quantum computer
◉ Google - role now: own quantum computer
45

Microsoft Azure Quantum
◉ Hardware partners
○ Quantinuum (Honeywell)
○ IonQ
○ Quantum Circuits
○ Rigetti
○ Pasqal
◉ Quantum SDK → QDK
○ Local installation, Jyputer notebook, GitHub Codespace
○ Ohjelmointikielenä Q#, joka on yhteensovitettavissa myös muihin kieliin
kuten Python (voi tehdä kutsuja)
46

Microsoft Azure Quantum - workﬂow
47
QDK
Azure Storage
Azure Quantum
Provider Service
Microsoft Azure Provider
IonQ QCI
Honeywell
1. Upload program
4. Download output
2. Queue for
provider
3. Monitor job
status
*QDK includes quantum
simulators to be used before
actual deployment
Rigetti

Amazon Braket
◉ Hardware partners
○ D-Wave
○ Rigetti
○ IonQ
○ OQC
○ Xanadu
◉ Amazon Braket SDK (+ Boto3)
○ Local installation, Jyputer notebook
○ Python, Ocean (D-Wave annealing)
48

Amazon Braket - workﬂow
49
Amazon
Braket SDK
AWS S3
Amazon Braket
Provider Service
AWS Provider
D-Wave Rigetti
IonQ
1. Upload program
4. Download output
2. Queue for
provider
3. Monitor job
Status (polling, def. 5 days)
*Amazon Braket SDK includes
quantum simulators to be used
before actual deployment
*integrated with CloudWatch,
EventBridge, IAM and CloudTrail
Managed
Simulator
EC2
OQC

Google Quantum Computing Service
◉ Google Quantum Computing Service limited access (Sep 2022)
○ Hardware provided is Google hardware
■ Sycamore (54 qubits), Sycamore23
■ Bristlecone
■ Foxtail
◉ Python, Cirq (an open source Python framework)
50

Google Quantum Computing Service - workﬂow
51
https://quantumai.google/cirq/google/concepts
Program Job 1
Job 2
Job 3
Program gets translated to
jobs, one or multiple -
there is a limit to job size*
Result
001011000010101110111
01010101101010011001
0101010110101001101101
1011011010100010000
010011101010101101101
* job size
During non-reservation times, jobs are restricted
to run for at most 5 minutes and may have no
more than 1,500,000 total shots on the processor.
The ability to make reservations is restricted by
budgets that are delegated by Quantum
Computing Service admins.

What can you do now?

Invest
● There already are a few of “pure-play” quantum computing
-companies publicly listed and more is coming up

Follow the topic and learn more
● Keep up with the latest development
● Fit your organization’s needs to what is already available
● Try to recognize how you can achieve competitive advantage
● For startups there are huge opportunities available:
○ Financing is available
○ Market potential is growing exponentially
○ Distruptive changes open up unexpected opportunities

Certify
● IBM was the ﬁrst to offer a developer certiﬁcate for Qiskit in 2020
“An IBM Qiskit Developer is an individual who demonstrates fundamental knowledge of
quantum computing concepts and is able to express them using the Qiskit open source
software development kit (SDK). They have experience using the Qiskit SDK from the
Python programming language to create and execute quantum computing programs on
IBM Quantum computers and simulators.”
https://www.ibm.com/certify/exam?id=C1000-112#associatedCerts

Online courses
● Udemy → 34 courses about the topic of “Quantum Computing”
● Coursera → 20 courses about the topic of “Quantum Computing”
● LinkedIn Learning → 57 courses about the topic of “Quantum Computing”
Last checked: 09/2022

Tools for Quantum Programming
● Qiskit (IBM) → https://qiskit.org/
● Cirk (Google) → https://quantumai.google/cirq
● AWS Braket SDK → https://github.com/aws/amazon-braket-sdk-python
● TensorFlow Quantum → https://www.tensorﬂow.org/quantum
● Q#, Quantum Development Kit (Microsoft) → link
● Silq → https://silq.ethz.ch/

Quantum programming course, Informator
https://informator.se/utbildning/quantum-programming
Learn more about quantum computing:
Next one:
27.10.2022

Thank you!
Immo Salo
+358 44 968 4514
www.qubitvalue.com
immo.salo@qubitvalue.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/immosalo
Qubit Value Oy

Webinar: Quantum Revolution Is Here (2022)

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Webinar: Quantum Revolution Is Here (2022)

Similaire à Webinar: Quantum Revolution Is Here (2022) (20)

Plus de Immo Salo

Plus de Immo Salo (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Webinar: Quantum Revolution Is Here (2022)