The potential of bamboo in Ethiopia
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What is the potential of bamboo in Ethiopia? A presentation by Dr. Yigremachew Seyoum, Director of Ethiopia's Forest Policy Strategy and Regulation Department, Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
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The potential of bamboo in Ethiopia
- 1. THE BAMBOO SECTOR OF ETHIOPIA Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Paris, 2015 (COP 21) Yigremachew Seyoum (PhD) Director, Forest policy strategy and regulation
- 2. • It lies between latitudes 3° and 15°N, and longitudes 33° and 48°E. • Population 87.9 million in 2014 (2.6%) • There are above 80 tribal groups and languages • Politics –federal parliamentary republic • 9 regions and 2 cities • Agriculture accounts for almost 40.2% of the (GDP), 70% of exports, and 80% of employment
- 3. Economic Development • IMF ranks Ethiopia as among the five fastest growing economies in the world. • GDP per capita 2014 >560 Vs < 200 in 2000 (world Bank)
- 4. The GTP and CRGE with the vision to propel Ethiopia into middle income country status by 2025. 378 USD in 2010 to 1271 USD in 2025. CRGE of Ethiopia is an overarching economic development strategy of Ethiopia the adverse effects of climate change and green economy
- 5. Overall development initiatives Resilience initiatives Abatement avoidance initiatives Green econo my Resilient economy CRGE Green Economy Reach middle income threshold by 2025 and keep growth carbon neutral (net zero emission) Resilient Economy Build the capacity of the economy to cope with the adverse consequences of climate change Ethiopia’s CRGE
- 6. Bamboo resource in Ethiopia There are 43 species in Africa covering 1.5 million ha 40 in Madagascar and 3 in mainland Ethiopia has two indigenous species Ethiopian lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro) and Ethiopian highland bamboo Arundinaria alpina K. Schumach)
- 7. 7 Ethiopian highland bamboo (A. alpina) It has different landraces that vary in appearance and use
- 8. A single clump of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) at the age of six after planting, 94 culms per clump (huge biomass)
- 9. Bamboo resource in Ethiopia Earlier estimates report 1 million ha (85% is lowland bamboo) 67% of the bamboo cover in Africa and 7% of the world Naturally grow in six regional states Recent estimates Deforestation rate of bamboo 52% (Semeneh Bessie, et al., 2015) MEFCC and FAO, 2015- 519,124.65 (requires ground verification)
- 10. Bamboo resource in Ethiopia Derivers of D and D Agricultural Expansion Unplanned resettlement programs Unclear use right and benefit sharing Bamboo mass flowering and lack of proper management Bio-deteriorating agents Frequent fire
- 11. Why bamboo in Ethiopia? Its roles Livelihood construction material, live fences and some rudimentary furniture and household utensils. source of domestic energy More than 85% to 95% of HH in bamboo areas depend on bamboo animal feed and food Income from highland bamboo Shedem Birr 3,711 (190 USD) per annum Mahsa- up to Birr 6252 (>300 USD)
- 12. Why bamboo in Ethiopia? Environmental services Soil and water conservation Carbon sequestration Habitat for wildlife etc
- 13. Bamboo processing in Ethiopia By local craftsmen limited bamboo processing areas mainly Awi zone, SNNP and Addis Ababa. Comprises small handicrafts workshops owned by local processors (home-based) low quality products mostly furniture, household items, baskets and mats. no modern tools or equipment sell their products on the road and moving from place to place.
- 14. It is a difficult task for local product producers and traders to take products to distant markets
- 15. Bamboo processing in Ethiopia By the Federal Micro and Small Scale Enterprise Development Authority (FeMSEDA) Principally processes for training and demonstration purposes Developed manuals UNIDO and EABP By modern industries (recent experience) It is in 1997 that the first Modern bamboo Industry (ADAL) bamboo floor boards, bamboo curtain, tooth pick and incense stick
- 16. Some experiences by FeMSEDA
- 17. Splitting bamboo culms Products by Bamboo Star Agroforestry LTD
- 18. Products by Adal Indastrial LTD
- 19. The challenges of Ethiopia’s bamboo sector Lack of database on types, local uses, traditional knowledge Lack of information and technologies Limited information on stand management techniques large scale regeneration /propagation processing, packing, storage, grading
- 20. The challenges of Ethiopia’s bamboo sector Lack of information on comparative economic analysis and feasibility of production options Minimal value addition Illegal trade Increasing price to raw bamboo during from 2006- 2009
- 21. Achievements policies to encourage sustainable management of bamboo Various initiatives by non-governmental organizations The government has also recently started to support bamboo conservation management and utilization initiatives. Bamboo sectoral Strategy Framework (BASSF) and a short to medium term bamboo strategy (2013-2015)
- 22. Achievements INBAR Ethiopia is running different bamboo related Projects with INBAR (ongoing and completed) Bamboo as a sustainable biomass energy: A suitable alternative for firewood and charcoal production in Africa Mainstreaming pro-poor livelihood and addressing environmental degradation with bamboo in Eastern and Southern Africa Benishangul-Gumuz Food Security and Economic Growth(BSG-FSEG project) Development and commoditization of the pre- fabricated Modular Bamboo housing in Asia and Africa
- 23. Achievements INBAR South-South knowledge transfer strategies for scaling up pro-poor bamboo livelihoods, income generation and employment creation, and environmental management in Africa Rural communities weather climate change adaptation challenges through bamboo based rain water harvesting storage tanks, Ethiopia Bamboo for Sustainable Watershed Management and Livelihood Generation: An Innovative Approach to Mitigate Land Degradation in Ethiopia.
- 24. Prospects Enabling environment to investment More emphasis to the private sector Government priority to manufacturing sector Growing local and international market Government's huge commitment in road network Peace and stability The two indigenous species fulfill ISO standards for industrial products such as Ply board, Laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), Oriented strand board (OSB), Medium density fiber board (MDF) and Floor boards
- 25. Prospects Institutional and legal measures Bamboo a strategic commodity in MEFCC Amendments of the forest law Encourages the private sector Recognizes communal ownership Addresses use rights including carbon right Bamboo as potential species for afforestation reforestation purposes Large mass of land (>3 million ha) and cheap labor
- 26. Summary and way forward The use of bamboo resources in the country is sub-optimal due to: (a) The supply of raw bamboo is rapidly diminishing both in terms of quality and quantity, and (b) Bamboo-based operations are confined to primary processing Weak institutional arrangement A huge potential and prospects that Ethiopia could exploit and achieve mitigation and adaptation targets. Clear national strategy for conservation, development and utilization of Bamboo Strengthening partnership
- 27. Summary and way forward Align bamboo development with other overall economic development goals and national commitments GTP-Sustainable natural resource management SLM CRGE-afforestation and re-afforestation as well as sustainable management plans Global Degraded land Restoration Initiatives Bon challenge…15 million ha? GGW-Combating desertification
- 28. Summary and way forward Promote bamboo management for environmental services (green landscapes) Carbon Soil and conservation Conservation of fauna Create potential markets by promoting financial and technical investment in bamboo-based industries Charcoal Pulp and paper Fuel
- 29. Thank you for attending
Notes de l'éditeur
- The GTP is an ambitious plan that envisages the country’s GDP per capita would grow from 378 USD in 2010 to 1271 USD in 2025. green economy that will help realize its ambition of reaching middle- income status before 2025.
- bamboo raw materials inflated in some areas by up to 400%, thus threatening the competitiveness of manufacturers and retarding the growth of the industrial sector.
- The Ethiopian regional governments have recognized the deteriorating situation and devised policies to encourage sustainable management of bamboo as a renewable resource Various initiatives by non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia are showing the potentials of bamboo. The government has also recently started to support bamboo conservation initiatives.
- Forest-based investment in Ethiopia is better facilitated and conducive. Provisions have been made to encourage potential activities for private investors in commercial forestry (investments in large-scale plantations and establishment of integrated forest-based industries) are encouraged (UNIDO, 2007); Promotion of private forests by individuals, associations, governmental and non-governmental organizations and business organization on concession of identified productive state forests (Proclamation No. 542/2007) is possible.
- a thorough and thought-out strategy that provide incentives to protect and use the remaining natural bamboo forests on a sustainable basis, and to establish bamboo plantations wherever they could have a protection and production function, is urgently required Partner with NGOs and donor agencies to provide more training and technical knowledge on bamboo growing, management, harvesting and production.