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1. ACID/BASE BALANCE
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
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2. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CAN BE
PROTON DONORS OR ACCEPTORS
PROTON DONORS ARE ACIDS
PROTON ACCEPTORS ARE BASES
ACIDS AND BASES REACT TO
NEUTRALIZE EACH OTHER FORMING
SALTS
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3. ACID/BASE REACTIONS
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
ACID + BASE
SALT + WATER
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4. ACID/BASE BALANCE AND
THE BLOOD
[OH -]
[H+]
Acidic
Alkaline (Basic)
Neutral
pH
0
Venous Blood
Acidosis
6.8
7
7.4
Normal
7.35-7.45
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14
Arterial Blood
Alkalosis
8.0

5. CHEMICAL BUFFER
SYSTEMS
Unbuffered Salt Solution
Na+
Add
HCl
ClCl-
Protons taken up as Carbonic Acid
H2CO3: HCO3- Buffer
HCO3H+
H+
Na+
Cl-
H2CO3
All protons are free
H2CO3
Add
HCl
HCO3www.indiandentalacademy.com
+
H+

6. CHEMICAL BUFFER
SYSTEMS
Weak acid/salt systems act as a “sponge”
for protons
As acidity tends to increase they take
protons up
As acidity tends to decrease they release
protons
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7. CHEMICAL BUFFER
SYSTEMS
Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate: Primary buffer
against non-carbonic acid changes
Proteins: Primary ICF buffer, also ECF
Hemoglobin: Primary buffer against
carbonic acid changes
Phosphate: Urinary buffer, also ICF
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8. ROLE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN
ACID/BASE BALANCE
Alterations in ventilation alter the rate of
excretion of carbon dioxide
Alterations in the rate of carbon dioxide
excretion cause alterations in pH through
carbonic acid
This way the respiratory system can help
control non-respiratory acidosis and
alkalosis
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9. Sources of acidosis
Metabolic: Severe diarrhea, Diabetes
mellitus, strenuous exercise, uremia
Respiratory: hypoventilation
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10. Sources of alkalosis
Metabolic: Vomiting, ingestion of alkaline
drugs
Respiratory: hyperventilation
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11. Renal regulation of blood
acidity
Proton excretion
Bicarbonate excretion
Ammonia secretion
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12. Thank you
For more details please visit
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