Let us understand motivation with the help of theories of Maslow, Alderfer, McClelland, Herzbeg, Vermeeren, Deci and Ryan etc. Personality based motivators as explained by like Schuler, Thornton, Frintrup & Mueller-Hanson have also been explained. X-Y approach of identifying people is also there. Motivation versus expectation can be understood here. Trick to remain self-motivated have been provided. A nice poem for motivation is also there

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MOTIVATION
“If you are too busy to find time to
motivate the people,
Set GOALS for them.”
Copyright 2010-2017 © Sunmitra Education Technologies Limited, India

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Yes! It happens this way

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Desire for a Burger
You are not hungry. You pass by a burger shop. You see a
poster inviting you for a low price burger. Your mouth start
salivating. You enter the shop and quickly order one to
have it immediately.

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Going for a Movie
You are having a busy time at office. A friend calls you and
suggests you for a movie in the evening. You readily agree
and the same eve you are seen in the cinema hall watching
a movie, you would otherwise not prefer to watch.

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Working late at Office
You are told a project deadline on which a client is
supposed to visit your office and see the demonstration of
work you have done. You are sitting late in the office to
complete your demo, without demanding any overtime.
Just some late evening grub at office is enough for you.

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Getting up early
Raju is a late riser. One day his uncle visits his house and he invites
Raju to come to the football match in the morning. Next day Raju
gets up early even without an alarm. He then wakes up his uncle
to get ready to take him to the football match.

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Common in all stories
• There is some thing common
in all these stories. It is a
mental stimulus that leads you
to achieve some goal that you
may not otherwise try. It is in
the form of
– Burger Poster.
– Friend’s Call.
– Project Deadline.
– Interest in football.
• This is MOTIVATION

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OUTLINE
• Understanding Motivation.
• Motivators.
• Motivation Vs Expectation.
• Self Motivation.
• References .

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UNDERSTANDING
MOTIVATION

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What MOTIVATION Actually is
• MOTIVATION IS THE ACT OF
EXCITING A PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR
TO ACHIEVE A GOAL.
• SOME THING THAT CREATES THIS
EXCITEMENT IS CALLED THE
MOTIVATOR , WHICH COULD BE
EXTERNAL, INTERNAL OR A
COMBINATION OF BOTH.

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MOTIVATORS
.

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PRIMARY MOTIVATORS
• Fulfillment of Needs.
• Reduction in urge of needs.
• Presence of factors that may not
motivate, but absence might
create de-motivation.
• Protection of Interest.
• Goal.
• Self Determination.
• Unknown (Unconscious)
Motivators.
• Based on Personality Factors.
• Based on X-Y approach.

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Fulfillment of Needs (Maslow’s Model)
• Needs defined by
Maslow.
– Physiological (Sleep,
Hunger, Thirst etc.)
– Safety and security.
– Social (Love, Friendship)
– Self esteem (Regard for
oneself)
– Self Actualisation

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Fulfillment of Needs (Alderfer’s Model)
• Needs Defined By Alderfer
– Existence (Physiological and
Safety)
– Relatedness (Social)
– Growth (Esteem and
Actualisation)

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Fulfillment of Needs (McClelland’s Model)
• David McClelland’s
achievement motivation
theory talks about -
– Need for Achievement
– Need for Power
– Need for Affiliation

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Reducing the urge of needs
• This is also called satisfying the drive
technique.
• This is a way of giving something that
automatically reduces the urge of a need.
• For E.g. when food is eaten at regular
intervals the need called Hunger is not faced.
Same way one can be motivated in a way
that needs are not felt.
• Other way to reduce urge is to accept that
he is not in need of something. He is then
sufficiently motivated to act even without
the absence of fulfilment of that need. This is
also called COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
(identification of internal conflict).

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Absence-Presence effect of motivators
• This is a 2 factor method, explained
by Herzberg.
• One can see that Challenging Work,
Recognition, Responsibility might be
MAIN MOTIVATORS while ..
• Absence of Status, Salary, Job
Security might be demotivators.
These are called HYGIENE
FACTORS in this theory.

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Protection of Interests
• Obtaining better results by
providing work in the area of
Interests is quite obvious.
• Techniques such as Holland
Codes are available to find
interests to make choices
related to vocational work
areas.

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Goals itself are motivators
• Researchers like Douglas
Vermeeren have proved that
human beings have inherent
inclination to reach given
milestones.
• The desire and possibility of
reaching goals is related to
– Proximity (how near the goal is)
– Difficulty (ease of reaching it)
– Specificity (Clarity of definition)

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Self Determination
• From inside we have a tendency to
grow and keep developing.
• With environmental
encouragement for autonomy,
competency feedback and
fulfillment of need of relatedness
one can be self-determined to
remain motivated.
• This is explained as a part of Self
Determination Theory (SDT) given
by Deci and Ryan.

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Unknown (Unconscious) Factors
• Research proves that some
motivation factors remain
hidden in our
unconscious/subconscious mind.
• For e.g. one may not be
interested in reading
mathematics, but a beautiful
teacher may be the reason that
mathematics class is full of
students.

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X-Y Theory Approach
• Theory by Douglas McGregor.
• X-Theory: People need close supervision
as they are basically lazy and they
generally dislike work. They only work for
money, thus they are the ones who need
to be blamed.
• Y-Theory: People can exercise their self
control. They enjoy work. They want to do
well. They can be trusted to become
partners in decision making.
• Later Z-Theory has been developed that
talks about Increasing Loyalty by
providing Stability.

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Personality Based Motivators
• It is now understood that certain
performance related personality
factors can act as motivators.
Some of them are:
– Achievement of Dominance.
– Opportunity for perfectionism.
– Possibilities of Change.
– An Act to make one Self Reliant.
• This has been established by
researchers like Schuler,
Thornton, Frintrup & Mueller-
Hanson.

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MOTIVATION Vs
EXPECTATION
Expectation is the biggest killer of
Motivation.

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Why do we expect
• Because it is our routine
behavioral instinct.
• Because we think we have
done a lot for others.
• Because things change
continuously.
• Because it is a convenient
answer to our own idleness.
• Because we have
experienced some gains out
of past expectations.

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Expectation can be used as motivation
• As per theory by Victor Vroom expectation of
people can be converted to motivation IF -
– More effort is related to better performance rating.
– Better Performance Rating is related to Rewards and
– Rewards are valued by people concerned.

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SELF MOTIVATION
"Build upon the strengths, and the
weaknesses will gradually take care of
themselves." - Joyce C. Lock

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Why Self Motivation?
• Because, you can't just keep
waiting that others will
motivate you or your
environment will change.
• Because you will also like to
be master of yourself.
• Because it is the basic
driving force in anyone's life.

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Self Motivation Techniques
• Set Target.
• Set Milestones.
• Reward Yourself on Every
Milestone.
• Remain focused. Once
committed, don't analyse
your goal everyday.
• Visualise that you are there.

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Self Motivation Can Do wonders.
• Can easily get rid of problems
related to attitude.
• Problems related to
communication.
• Problems related to habits (Such as
smoking, eating oily foods etc.)
• Problems related to stress.
• Can even help you to get rid of your
financial problems.

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References
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.motivation.co.in
• www.speechmastery.com
• www.buzzle.com
• http://selfmotivationtechniques.
com/

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