Innomantra - Patent Portfolio of Electric Cars - Report July 2015

T R A N S F O R M I N G I M A G I N A T I O N
Patent Portfolio
of
AutomobileCompanies
An Indicative Measure of Innovation
(Electric Car Segment)
2 0 1 4

Patent Portfolio of
Automobile Companies
2 0 1 4

Celebrated 100 Years for Filing of First patent in Hybrid Cars in 2005

This report provides an insight into the
importance of innovation by analyzing the
Patent Portfolio of five major Automobile
Companiesintheelectriccarsegment–Ford
Motor Company, Nissan Motor Company
Ltd and General Motors Company, Tesla
Motor Inc., and Toyota Motor Corporation.

Contents
Executive Summary5
Introduction6
Exhibit 1: Barriers to Electric Vehicle Industry. 6
The Automobile Sector- Segment-wise Market Share8
Scope of the Study Research Methodology10
Databases and Tools 10
Organizations Considered for the Study11
Ford Motor Company 11
General Motors Company 12
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 13
Tesla Motors Inc. 14
Toyota Motor Company 15
Company Speak on Innovation and Intellectual Property 16
Patent Portfolio Analysis 17
Ford Motor Company 17
Exhibit 13: IPC Category-wise Distribution – The Ford Motor Company 17
Exhibit 14: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending
– The Ford Motor Company 17
Exhibit 15: Timeline of Patent Filings – The Ford Motor Company 18
Exhibit 16: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Ford Motor Company 18
Exhibit 17: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Ford Motor Company 19
Exhibit 23: IPC Category-wise Distribution – General Motors Company 21
– General Motors Company 21
Exhibit 25: Timeline of Patent Filings – General Motors Company 22
Exhibit 26: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – General Motors Company 22
Exhibit 27: Number of Citations of Patents Filed by Different Companies
- General Motors Company 23
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 25
Patent Portfolio of Major Automobile Companies (Electric Car Segment)- An Indicative Measure of Innovation
1

Exhibit 18: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 25
– Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 25
Exhibit 20: Timeline of Patent Filings – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 26
Exhibit 21: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 26
Exhibit 22: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 27
Tesla Motors, Inc. 29
Exhibit 8: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Tesla Motors, Inc. 29
Exhibit 9: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Tesla Motors, Inc. 29
Exhibit 10: Timeline of Patent Filings – Tesla Motors, Inc. 30
Exhibit 11: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Tesla Motors, Inc. 30
Exhibit 12: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Tesla Motors, Inc. 31
Exhibit 3: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Toyota Motor Company 33
– Toyota Motor Company 33
Exhibit 5: Timeline of Patent Filings – Toyota Motor Company 34
Exhibit 6: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Toyota Motor Company 34
Exhibit 7: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Toyota Motor Company. 35
Exhibit 28: Filing Trends of Toyota Motors, Tesla Motors, Ford Motors, General Motors
and Nissan Motors in US. 37
Exhibit 29: Measuring Innovation based on the Number of Patents
and RD Investment 37
General Comments: 38
Conclusion 39
APPENDIX – I: Electric Car Market in India. 40
Appendix – II: Patent Portfolio Analysis of Indian Automotive Companies
(Electric car Segment) 42
Mahindra Reva Company 42
Exhibit 30: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Mahindra Reva Company 42
– Mahindra Reva Company 42
Exhibit 32: Timeline of Patent Filings – Mahindra Reva Company 43
Innomantra Consulting Private Limited
2

Tata Motors Company 43
Exhibit 33: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Tata Motors Company 43
– Tata Motors Company 44
Exhibit 35: Timeline of Patent Filings – Tata Motors Company 44
Comments: 45
Appendix – III: List of patents 46
Ford Motors Company 46
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd 82
Tesla Motors Inc. 88
Mahindra Reva Company 114
Tata Motors Company 11
3

“Look at the richest men a hundred years ago, they all made their money extracting natural
resources or moving them around.
All today’s richest men make their money out of
Intellectual Property. ”
- Mark Getty
Founder of Getty Images
Intellectual Property is the Oil of 21st Century
4

Executive Summary
The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance given by selected major automobile companies in the
electric car segment to innovation, based on their Patent Portfolios. Apart from providing an account of innovation
and technological development taking place in the automobile, specifically to electric car segment, the analysis
of the patenting activity provides an insight into the current trends in the intellectual property generation activity.
The study summarizes results of the research that was conducted on Toyota Motor Corporation, Tesla Motor Inc.,
The Ford Motor Company, Nissan Motor Company Ltd and General Motors Company.
This report covers filing trends of the above mentioned companies along with status of Patents, International Patent
Classification and Priority Date. The study also provides the filing trends and status in the field of engineering to
which they belong, along with details of all Patents filed by these companies since 2008.
The electric car industry is still in the nascent stage of growth. The electric car market is majorly concentrated
in US and Japanese market. There is an increasing trend in the formation of Joint Ventures in research of
electric battery technology by the automobile companies. Electronic and electronic components manufacturing
companies like Samsung are filing patents in the electric car segment. This shows that electronic companies
are planning to enter the electric automobile market. Developing low cost batteries, providing long range and
government support are essential for success of mass-market electric vehicle industry.
The major automobile companies have filed patents in electrical machinery and transport segments. This shows
that the investment is majorly done in battery and power train technologies. Though Tesla motors started recently
in 2003, it is competing with top automobile companies like Toyota, Nissan, Ford and General Motors which
were established nearly 100 years ago. Tesla patents are referred by all the major automobile companies and
automobile component manufacturing companies. Tesla motors are followed by General motors which show
that GM considers Tesla a direct competitor for the company in the electric car segment. Tesla motors did not cite
any other patents filed by other automobile companies. This shows that Tesla motors is leading other automobile
companies in technology research. Toyota motors have cited patents of all the other major automobile companies
which shows that Toyota is following technological research of all the other major automobile companies.
Patent Portfolio of Major Automobile Companies
5

Introduction
Automotive industry is one of the key sectors for all major countries in the world. The automobile sales in 2013
have grown by 4.2% over sales in 2012 accounting to 82.84 million vehicles. The US (7.6%) and China have
recorded highest growth in sales of cars and trucks in the world. 1
The first electric vehicle was produced in 1930s. But the use of electric vehicles (EVs) was replaced by petroleum-
fueled internal combustion engines (ICEs) in 1900s. Because of increasing and volatile fuel prices, deteriorating
urban air quality and climate change, renewed interest in the electric vehicles, stricter fuel regulations and to
mitigate risk from petroleum price fluctuations, the technology shift is accepted by the automobile manufacturers.
Alternate technologies include Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and Fuel
cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), Hydrogen cars etc. Various governmental poli¬cies around the world are providing
financial incentives for vehicle electrification, setting standards for lower fleet-average fuel consumption and
even mandating the introduction of electrified vehicles.
Electric vehicles are rapidly emerging as a viable alternative to conventionally fuelled vehicles. They are found to
be one of the most promising ways to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. The increasing
demand in sale of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles has yet to create an impact. Though the sales of plug-in
electric vehicles have increased from 53,000 vehicles in 2012 to 90,000 vehicles in 2013, it accounts for only
0.5 to 1% of the total cars and trucks sold in US in 2013.2
Electric vehicles are mostly used as second vehicles
by the people.
Exhibit 1: Barriers to Electric Vehicle Industry
1
HIS automotive report, “http://www.cnbc.com/id/101308343”
2
Green car report, 2013
6

Investment in Research and Development acts as a good indicator for technological innovation. Spending in EV
RD spiked in US in 2009 due to economic stimulus and it spiked in Japan and Germany in 2010 and 2011
respectively. There was significant increase in RD in China in 2012. Within RD expenditure, there is relatively
more focus on battery and fuel cell RD. There is also significant funding in demonstrations of electric vehicles
reflecting government’s desire to monitor and learn from initial infrastructure and vehicle deployment.3
De-
veloping affordable batteries offering long driving range is the biggest challenge to increasing sales of plug-in
electric vehicles. Investment in battery and fuel cell RD results in significant drop in battery development costs
reducing cost barrier for mass-market EV deployment. Four energy-storage technologies, Lead-Acid (Pb-Acid),
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries as well as Ultra capacitors are used in current
HEVs and are the only technologies of inter¬est for the foreseeable future (10+ years).
There is an increasing trend in favor of filing of patents and safeguarding Intellectual Property in electric vehicle
industry by major automobile companies. The major areas are the Electric machinery and Transport, together
accounting for % of all patents filed indicating an emphasis in improving battery and powertrain technology and
conforming to stricter environmental norms. This trend is only going to increase with environmental concern
becoming not only an obligation and responsibility but also a value statement in itself.
3
Global EV outlook, 2013
7

The Automobile Sector- Segment-wise Market Share4
About half of the world’s vehicles are produced by top nine manufacturers in U.S. The electric
automobile market is mainly dominated by developed markets like US, Japan, France etc.
The electric vehicle market in China is also steadily increasing. The sales of electric vehicles in
US and Japan cover 62% of the global market.5 Nissan Leaf and Chevy Volt are top selling
electric cars in the world. PHEVs have more market momentum compared to BEVs indicating
customers’ desire for fuel flexibility for greater range. There has been recent increase in sales
of BEVs like Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S etc.
Exhibit 1: Automobile sector, Global Market Share by Company in the Year 2013
8

Exhibit 2: Automobile Sector, Global Market Share by Model in the Year 2013
Patent Portfolio of Major Automobile Companies (Electric Car Segment)- An Indicative Measure of Innovation 9

Scope of the Study Research Methodology
This study provides an insight into the Patent Portfolio of key global Automobile companies, namely Toyota Motor
Corporation, Tesla Motor Inc., The Ford Motor Company, Nissan Motor Company Ltd. and General Motors
Company.
The analysis looks at all the Patents applied by the above mentioned companies in USA. This includes Patents
at all stages – application, publication and granted - of their lifecycle. For each company, the following data is
presented in addition to the complete list of patents filed:
• International Patent Classification (IPC), category wise Status
• Granted Patents and Pending Applications
• Timeline of Patent filings, year wise
• Citation analysis
Apart from a comparative look at these five Automobile companies and an insight into the areas of possible
patent generation, this report also highlights certain key aspects of patenting for Automobile companies in the
world.
Patent databases such as Thomson Reuter’s Delphion and several other Patent information sites mentioned
below were searched for Patents filed by companies indicated. As on 31st March 2014, records of all the Patent
documents filed by the above mentioned companies were extracted and analyzed. The results of the search have
been tabulated in Exhibits. The entire process was verified using multiple Patent databases to ensure accuracy of
the results. The Patent Database of United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) were searched for ‘Live
Patents’, and these results are also recorded in the report.
It is important to note that the Patent applications filed during the last 18 months are not reflected in the report
since Patent databases only include patents in the publication phase. In most cases, patent applications get
published 18 months after the date of filing as per the Patent filing norms except in the case of early publications,
where they may appear in the patent databases a little sooner. For this reason, all graphs indicate data until and
including the year 2008 only, to ensure uniform comparison across companies.
Databases and Tools
• United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• Relecura
• WITS
• Google Patent Database
• Sumobrain.com: Patent search database
• Thomson Reuter’s Innovation
10

Organizations Considered for the Study
Ford Motor Company
Founded in : 2003
Executive Chairman : William C. Ford, Jr.
President and CEO : Alan R. Mulally
Market share in EV in US : 15.75%
Market share in EV in the world : 7%
Country : USA
Ford Motor Company (Ford), incorporated on July 9, 1919, is a producer of automobiles. The Company together
with its subsidiaries, is engaged in other businesses including financing vehicles. The Company operates in two
segments: Automotive and Financial Services. The Company manufactures or distributes automobiles across six
continents. Its automotive brands include Ford and Lincoln.
In the 1950s and ’60s, the Ford Motor Company began limited diversification, but by the 1990s it had
refocused attention to its automotive concerns and financial services. In 1989–90 Ford acquired Jaguar, a
British manufacturer of luxury cars. Aston Martin became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1993. Later, acquisitions
included the rental car company Hertz Corporation in 1994, the automobile division of Volvo in 1999, and the
Land Rover brand of sport utility vehicles in 2000. Ford also purchased a significant share of the Mazda Motor
Corporation. However, as Ford struggled in the early 21st century, it began selling a number of its brands. In
2007, the company sold Aston Martin, and in the following year it sold Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors
Ltd.
Ford has implemented full hybrid systems like those used in the Ford Fusion hybrid, C-Max, and Lincoln MKZ
hybrid and has launched two plug-in hybrids – the 2013 C-Max Energi and Ford Fusion Energi, both capable of
about 21 miles of all electric operation. The Ford Focus EV is an all-electric vehicle with an EPA rated range of
76 miles. Ford began selling hybrids in 2004 with the Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner sport utility vehicle. In 2013,
sales of the Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan alone were higher than Ford’s entire hybrid sales combined in previous
years. The C-Max Hybrid was also a big seller in 2013.
11

General Motors Company
Founded in : 1908
Chairman : Tim Solso
President : Mary Barra
CEO : Brian T Thompson
Market share in EV in US : 24.93 %
Market share in EV in the world : 14 %
Country : USA
General Motors Corporation (GM), an American corporation was the world’s largest motor-vehicle manufacturer
for much of the 20th and early 21st centuries. It operates manufacturing and assembly plants and distribution
centres throughout the United States, Canada, and many other countries. Its major products include automobiles
and trucks, automotive components, and engines.
General Motors launched the first mass-marketed plug-in hybrid vehicle with the 2011 Chevrolet Volt and has
built on that technology with the launch the 2014 Cadillac ELR. In 2013, the all-electric Chevrolet Spark EV and
a diesel version of the Chevrolet Cruze also became available as 2014 models. Additionally, GM has been
working on fuel cell vehicles for more than a decade and is collaborating with Honda on the development of
new fuel cell technologies with plans to commercialize fuel cell vehicles by 2020. GM began selling hybrid-
electric vehicles in 2007 with the Saturn Vue sport utility vehicle and then expanded to four different hybrid
models the next year. Technology being actively employed is light vehicle electrification, termed eAssist. This has
been offered as standard equipment on the Buick LaCrosse and Buick Regal since 2013 and as an option on
the 2013 Malibu.
12

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
Founded in : 1933
Chairman and CEO : Carlos Ghosn
Market share in EV in US : 23.78 %
Market share in EV in the world : 23 %
Country : Japan
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. is a Japanese Industrial Corporation that manufactures automobiles, trucks, and
buses under the names Nissan and Datsun. The company also designs and manufactures such products as
communications satellites, pleasure boats, and machinery. During the 1960s, when Nissan entered the world
market, production and sales grew phenomenally as the company established assembly plants in several
countries outside Japan. By the late 1990s, however, Nissan was struggling, and in 1999 it entered into a
partnership with the French carmaker Renault.
Of the major manufacturers, Nissan has been the most aggressive in promoting all-electric vehicles, not only
in the U.S., but also around the world. By the end of 2012, production of the Nissan Leaf and its battery pack
was shifted from Japan to Smyrna for the U.S. market, lowering production costs and better positioning Nissan
to trim $6,400 from the base price of the 2013 model. Nissan also developed a more heat resistant battery to
address concerns of premature degradation and range loss in extremely hot climates. The all-electric e-NV200
commercial van is scheduled for 2014 and a luxury EV is planned with the Infiniti LE sedan. For the 2014 model
year, Nissan also introduced new hybrid technology with the Nissan Pathfinder.
13

Tesla Motors Inc.
Founded in : 2003
Chairman and CEO : Elon Musk
Country : USA
Tesla Motors designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars and electric vehicle power train components. Tesla
also markets electric power train components, including lithium-ion battery packs, to automakers, including
Daimler and Toyota. Tesla first had profits from the year 2013.
The Tesla Roadster, the company’s first vehicle, is the first production automobile to use lithium-ion battery cells
and the first production EV with a range greater than 200 miles (320 km) per charge. Between 2008 and March
2012, Tesla sold more than 2,250 Roadsters in 31 countries. Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the
U.S. market in August 2011.Tesla unveiled the Tesla Model S, all-electric sedan on March 26, 2009. Tesla also
plans to launch Third generation electric vehicle Model X in this financial year.
There is significant increase in the investment of RD in Tesla after 2010 with launch of Model S. Tesla Model S
is the top selling electric car in the world. There are plans to expand the production of Tesla vehicles Into China.
As of March 2013, Tesla employed almost 5000 full-time employees. The employees of Tesla have doubled from
year 2012 to 2013.
Tesla acts as an OEM supplier to other automobile companies in the world. They provide power train components
to Toyota Motors for the electric vehicle RAV4. Tesla also provides power train components to Daimler. They have
partnered with Panasonic on RD for Lithium ion batteries.
Tesla built its Model S assembly plant in California with a fully ramped-up annual output of 20,000 sedans. Tesla
partnered with Toyota to produce the Model S at the former NUMMI plant in Fremont, California, which opened
on October 27, 2010 and was rechristened the Tesla Factory.
14

Toyota Motor Company
Founded in : 1937
Chairman : Takeshi Uchiyamada
President and CEO : Akio Toyoda
Country : Japan
Toyota is the first automobile company to produce successful mass – produced hybrid car.
“The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society’s needs, whether it may be the distance the cars
can run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge.”
- Takeshi Uchiyamada, Vice – Chairman
The company concentrated mostly on the production of hybrid vehicles.
Toyota is the highest spending company in RD in the world. Tesla partnered with Toyota to produce the Model
S at the former NUMMI plant in Fremont, California, which opened on October 27, 2010 and was rechristened
the Tesla Factory.
In 2013, Toyota announced their intent to commercialize fuel cell vehicles and to bring their first fuel cell vehicle
to market by 2015. Toyota’s strategy for fuel cell vehicles differs somewhat from other manufacturers; they are
combining the efficiency benefits of their electric Synergy hybrid system with a hydrogen tank and fuel cell stack.
This provides long-range electric operation and refueling times of about three minutes. Beyond the dedicated
Prius hybrid family, Toyota has expanded their hybrid Synergy drive throughout their lineup in models like the
Camry, Highlander, Avalon, and various Lexus models. For full electric vehicles, Toyota worked with Tesla to
develop the latest version of the RAV4 EV and they have also produced the Scion iQ EV, both of which were
introduced as 2013 models with limited availability in California. The Toyota Prius, first introduced in 2000,
is by far the hybrid model with the most sales – about 220,000 in 2012 and 2013. Toyota has a large line-
up of hybrid models with eight different models sold in 2013. The Camry Hybrid is Toyota’s second-largest
hybrid seller. In 2005, Toyota began selling two hybrid sport utility vehicles, the Lexus RX450h and the Toyota
Highlander.
15

Company Speak on Innovation and Intellectual Property
“Research and Innovation is also leading the implementation of our Blueprint for Mobility,
because mobility is an important issue shaping the future of markets for our vehicles.”
-Robert Brown, Ford Motors
“We’re going to have beautiful, innovative designs. We’re going to put the right technology on
the vehicle by [consumer] segment, the way the customer wants it. We’re going to have the right
quality and the right performance features. Repeating that process—it’s as simple as that and as
hard as that.”
- Mary Barra, CEO, General Motors.
“Solutions include ….. Innovative technological advances that are good for the environment,
enhance safety, improve dynamic performance or provide greater life-on-board satisfaction.”
- Carlos Ghosn, President and Chief Executive Officer, Nissan Motors
“Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation.” This is what I have been emphasizing
in continually calling for us to make “always better cars”
- Akio Toyoda, President, Toyota Motors
to electric mobility by bringing a full range of increasingly affordable electric cars to market “
– Elon Musk – CEO, Tesla Motors
“Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship...the act that
endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.”
― Peter F. Drucker
16

Patent Portfolio Analysis
Exhibit 13: IPC Category-wise Distribution – The Ford Motor Company
The patent portfolio of Ford is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery and Transport are major
categories in which Ford has filed the patents. 23 % of their patents are in Electrical machinery category and
57 % of their patents are filed in Transport category. It indicates that most of their patents and research is
concentrated in Battery and power train technology.
Exhibit 14: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – The Ford Motor Company
The exhibit above shows the status of patents filed by Ford motors from Year 2009 to year 2013. Ford motors
filed 254 patents from the year 2008 to 2013. Out of these 254 patents, 67 patents are granted and 187
patents are still pending. The significant number of patents is filed by Ford when compared to other automobile
companies compared.
Ford Motor Company
17

Exhibit 15: Timeline of Patent Filings – The Ford Motor Company
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Ford motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
increased steadily from the year 2008 to present.
Note: There is a drop in patents filed in the year 2013 due to 18 month duration
for publication of filed patents
Exhibit 16: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Ford Motor Company
18

The exhibit below shows the number of times the patents of Ford have been filed by other companies. The exhibit
below shows the number of times the patents have been cited by the companies. The exhibit shows that 69 out of
the total patents are cited by Ford Motors only. Other patents belong to other major automobile manufacturing
companies like Toyota, Honda, General Motors, Nissan, Suzuki and Volkswagen.
Exhibit 17:Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Ford Motor Company
19

Capsule
• Ford has filed 255 patents in electric car segment from 2008 to 2013. Out of these 255 patents, 67 are granted and
remaining is published and pending.
• Ford mainly filed patents in the electric machinery and transport segments.
• Ford patents are mainly cited by the major automobile manufacturing companies.
20

Exhibit 23: IPC Category-wise Distribution – General Motors Company
The patent portfolio of General Motors is provided in the exhibit below. . Electrical machinery and Transport
are the major categories in which General Motors has filed the patents. 28% of their patents are in Electrical
machinery category and 33 % of their patents are filed in Transport category. It indicates that most of their
patents and research is concentrated in Battery and power train technology.
Exhibit 24: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – General Motors Company
The exhibit below shows the status of patents filed by General Motors from the Yyear 2008 to year 2013.
General Motors filed 138 patents from the year 2008 to 2013. Out of these 138 patents, 32 patents are
granted and 106 patents are still pending. The number of patents is filed by GM is less when compared to other
automobile companies.
21

Exhibit 25: Timeline of Patent Filings – General Motors Company
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by General Motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
increasinged steadily from the year 2008 to present.
Exhibit 26: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – General Motors Company
22

Exhibit 27: Number of Citations of Patents Filed by Different Companies - General Motors
Company
The exhibit abovebelow shows the number of times the patents of GM have beenare filed by other companies.
The exhibit abovebelow shows the number of times the patents have beenare cited by the companies. The exhibit
shows that 57 out of the total patents are cited by GM only. Other patents belong to other major automobile
manufacturing companies like Toyota, Ford etc. and other automobile components companies like Denso,
Cummins, Lightening energy etc.
23

Capsule
• General Motors has filed 138 patents in electric car segment from 2008 to 2013. Out of these 138 patents, 32 are
granted and remaining isare published and pending
• General Motors mainly filed patents in the electric machinery and transport segments.
• General Motors patents are mainly cited by the major automobile and automobile components manufacturing
companies.
24

Exhibit 18: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
The patent portfolio of Nissan is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery and Transport are the major
categories in which Nissan has filed the patents. 28.4 % of their patents are in Electrical machinery category
and 56.1 % of their patents are filed in Transport category. It indicates that most of their patents and research is
concentrated in Battery and power train technology.
Exhibit 19: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
The exhibit above shows the status of patents filed by Nissan motors from the Yyear 2008 to year 2013. Nissan
motors filed 120 patents from the year 2008 to 2013. Out of these 120 patents, 88 patents are granted and
32 patents are still pending.
25
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd

Exhibit 20: Timeline of Patent Filings – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Nissan motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
Exhibit 21: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
The exhibit below shows number of times the patents of Nissan havare been filed by other companies. The
exhibit below shows number of times the patents have beenare cited by the companies. The exhibit shows that
13 out of the total patents are cited by Nissan Motors only. Other patents belong to other major automobile
manufacturing companies like Toyota Motors, Hyundai Motors, General Motors, Ford, and Suzuki.
26

Exhibit 22: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
27

Capsule
• Nissan has filed 120 patents in electric car segment from 2008 to 2013. Out of these 120 patents, 88 are granted and
remaining areis published and pending.
• Nissan mainly filed patents in the transport segment.
• Nissan patents are mainly cited by the major automobile manufacturing companies.
28

Exhibit 8: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Tesla Motors, Inc.
The patent portfolio of Tesla is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery and Transport are the major
categories in which Tesla has filed the patents. 60 % of their patents are in Electrical machinery category and 24.5 %
of their patents are filed in Transport category. It indicates that most of their patents and research is concentrated in
Battery and power train technology.
Exhibit 9: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Tesla Motors, Inc.
The exhibit below shows the status of patents filed by Tesla motors from the Yyear 2009 to year 2013. Tesla motors
filed 220 patents from the year 2008 to 2013. Out of these 220 patents, 111 patents are granted and 109 patents
are still pending. The significant number of patents is filed by Tesla when compared to other automobile companiess
compared.
Tesla Motors, Inc.
29

•
Exhibit 10: Timeline of Patent Filings – Tesla Motors, Inc.
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Tesla motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
Note: There is a drop in patents filed in the year 2013 due to 18 month duration for
publication of filed patents
Exhibit 11: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Tesla Motors, Inc.
The exhibit below shows the number of times the patents of Tesla have beenare filed by other companies.
30

Exhibit 12: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Tesla Motors, Inc.
The exhibit below shows the number of times the patents have beenare cited by the companies. The exhibit
shows that 33 out of the total patents are cited by Tesla patents only. 25 patents belong to General Motors. This
indicates that General Motors is seriously following Tesla in research and technology. Other patents belong to
other major automobile manufacturing companies like Toyota, Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Coda automotive etc.
and automobile component companies like Robert Bosch, Caterpillar, General electric etc.
31

Capsule
• Tesla has filed 220 patents in electric car segment from 2008 to 2013. Out of these 220 patents, 111 are granted and
remaining isare published and pending.
• Tesla mainly filed patents in the electric machinery and transport segments.
• Tesla Motors’ patents are mainly cited by the major automobile and automotive component manufacturing companies
• Tesla filed patent for vehicle with combination of Li-ion battery and Metal-air battery to provide a long range of
transport.
• Tesla also filed a patent on supercharger to charge multiple electric vehicles at once. This is a huge leap in the
infrastructure development.
32

Exhibit 3: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Toyota Motor Company
The patent portfolio of Toyota is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery is the major category in
which Toyota has filed the patents. 84% of their patents are in Electrical machinery category. It indicates that most
of their patents and research is concentrated in Battery technology.
Exhibit 4: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Toyota Motor Company
The exhibit below shows the status of patents filed by Toyota motors from the yYear 2009 to year 2013. Toyota
motors filed 296 patents from the year 2008 to 2013. Out of these 296 patents, 134 patents are granted and
162 patents are still pending. The significant number of patents is filed by Toyota when compared to other
automobile companies compared.
Toyota Motor Company
33

Exhibit 5: Timeline of Patent Filings – Toyota Motor Company
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Tesla motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
stagnant from the year 2008 to present.
Exhibit 6: Number of Citations of Patents Filed – Toyota Motor Company
The exhibit below shows number of times the patents have beenare cited by the companies. The exhibit shows
that 24 out of the total patents havare been cited by Toyota patents only. Other patents belong to other major
automobile manufacturing companies like Ford, Nissan etc. and automobile component companies like
Caterpillar, Mitsubishi electric, Denso, Aisin etc.
34

Exhibit 7: Citations of Patents by Different Companies – Toyota Motor Company.
35

Capsule
• Toyota has filed 296 patents in electric car segment from 2008 to 2013. Out of these 296 patents, 134 are granted and
remaining areis published and pending.
• Toyota has highest number of patents among the automobile companies considered.
• Toyota mainly filed patents in the electric machinery segment.
• Toyota patents are mainly cited by the automotive component manufacturing companies.
• Toyota mainly used their patent portfolio to block their competitors by creating huge patent portfolio.
36

Exhibit 28: Filing Trends of Toyota Motors, Tesla Motors, Ford Motors, General Motors and
Nissan Motors in US.
Exhibit 29: Measuring Innovation based on the Number of Patents and RD Investment
37

General Comments
1. The above trends indicate that all the major automobile companies are very active in Intellectual Property
creation and protection in the electric car segment. This is an indication that there is increasing
concentration by the companies in the electric car segment.
2. The patents filed by Tesla and Ford is steadily increasing. The patents filed by Toyota and GM are
stagnant in every year.
3. Toyota, Tesla and Ford have strong portfolio when compared to other companies considered.
4. All the automobile companies have filed patents majorly in electric machinery and transport segments.
5. Tesla patents are majorly followed by General motors.
6. Toyota motors have cited the patents of all major companies.
7. Tesla motors did not cite to any patents filed by the automobile companies.
38

Conclusion
The study indicates that major automobile companies in the world are concentrating in innovation in electric car
segment. There has been significant increase in number of patents filed by these companies from year 2008.
This study has brought out the insights of Patent portfolio of top five global Automobile companies which would
pave the way for understanding their respective technological advancements and their Intellectual Property
enforcement capabilities related to Patents.
The electric car market is majorly concentrated in the US and the Japanese market. The major automobile
companies have filed patents in electrical machinery and transport segments. This shows that the investment
is majorly in done in battery and power train technologies. Though Tesla motors started recently in 2003,
it is competing with top automobile companies like Toyota, Nissan, Ford and General Motors which weare
established nearly 100 years ago. Tesla patents are referred by all the major automobile companies and
automobile component manufacturing companies. Tesla motors are followed by General motors which show
that GM considers Tesla a direct competitor for the company in electric car segment. Tesla motors did not cite
any other patents filed by other automobile companies. This shows that Tesla motors is leading other automobile
companies in technology research.
39

APPENDIX – I: Electric Car Market in India.
India is the world’s second-largest two wheeler manufacturer and fourth-largest producer of commercial
vehicles. Two wheelers dominate production volumes; in FY13, the segment accounted for about three quarters
of the total automotive production in the country. Production of automobiles in India is growing at CAGR of 11.8
percent over 2005-13. Passenger cars are the fastest growing segment, representing a CAGR of 12.9 percent6
.
Cost and Quality remain as bottlenecks of India’s auto industry in theto global marketplace. Global OEMs like
General Motors, Ford, Toyota and Hyundai have expanded their operations over the past years. While Ford and
Toyota continue to leverage India as a source of components, Hyundai and Suzuki have acknowledged India as
a key market for a compact-car segment.
The electric vehicle market in India is nascent but growing rapidly. The total number of electric two-wheelers on
road is about 400,000 and about 1,500 electric passenger cars in India. The availability of skilled engineers,
low manufacturing cost and access to both hardware and software uniquely positions India as a pioneer market
for Electric vehicles. So far only 2 companies were involved in Electric vehicle development in India, Mahindra
Reva (formerly Reva electric) and Tata Motors. The only major manufacturer and seller of EV passenger cars in
India is Mahindra-Reva, which opened a new plant and plans to launch several new models to the Indian and
overseas market. Similarly, the only seller of passenger hybrid cars is Toyota Kirloskar. Lohia Auto manufactures
electric 3-wheelers, while there are quite a few electric two-wheeler manufacturers including Hero Electric
and Electrotherm. The Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) estimates two-wheeler makers and
importers sold about 100,000 EV units in 2011, which would be about one-tenth of the total scooters sold.
The combination of high fuel prices and government support is steadily increasing the demand of Electric
vehicles in India. In 2008, Government of India hads waived the excise duty on electric vehicles and State
governments have announced tax cuts to reduce pollution levels in cities. Also in 2008, the Delhi government
announced the subsidy of 29.5 percent discount for the small electric car Reva. Chandigarh government offered
a subsidy of 15 percent on battery-operated vehicles. Bangalore government gave 4 percent VAT waiver for the
initial five years after the launch of the car and on registration costs. The Government support is essential for
success of electric vehicles. This is indicated from the drop in sales of electric car Reva after the subsidy provided
by the government of Delhi wais cancelled.
6
IBEF report – Automobiles 2014
40

The major challenges for implementation and adoption of electric technology in India are:
• Needs Appreciation for definite guidelines and regulations and difficulties in physical implementation.
• Needs Appreciation for electric vehicle charging infrastructure and quality and availability of grid power.
• Low domestic availability of advanced electronics and controls and high-cost of battery technology.
• Requires large investments and therefore considered high risk by stakeholders.
• Consumer acceptance and increasing awareness of the consequences of buying EVs.
Government Incentives:
• In August 2012, the Government of India approved a Rs. 230 billion plan to spur electric and hybrid
vehicle production over the next eight years, setting itself an ambitious target of 6 million vehicles by 2020.
• On the recommendations of the Prime Minister’s Group on Technology – Manufacturing of Electric
Vehicles in India, a core group was constituted by the Department of Heavy Industry (DHI) in 2009 and a very
elaborate policy document was prepared. DHI took approval from the Government for setting up the fully
empowered apex body at a very senior level with members drawn from all stakeholders, and for putting this
initiative which will encompass all policy related matters on various issues on a mission mode approach.
• Accordingly, the National Council on Electric Mobility (NCEM) was set up. Under the NCEM, a National
Board on Electric Mobility (NBEM) was proposed which would go into greater details of the various projects and
initiatives that need to be undertaken under this endeavor. Both the Council and Board are serviced by a spe-
cialized technical secretariat seated in National Automotive Testing and RD Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) and
the National Automotive Board (NAB).
• In the 2012 Union Budget, the Finance Minister announced a concessional excise duty of 10% for fuel
cell or hydrogen cell technology. The excise duty on a CNG conversion kit has been reduced to 5%, while import
of hybrid parts has been exempted from custom duty and a concessional rate of 5% excise has been proposed
to incentivize their domestic production.
• Several initiatives including battery-operated Green rickshaws in New Delhi and the Tata Starbus range
of buses including hybrid CNG low-floor buses have been introduced. Delhi has also subsidized sales by giving
buyers a 15% rebate on the price of the vehicle.
41

Appendix – II: Patent Portfolio Analysis of Indian Automotive Companies
(Electric car Segment)
Tata Motors and Mahindra Reva are the only companies currently involved in electric vehicle development in
India.
Mahindra Reva Company
Exhibit 30: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Mahindra Reva Company
The patent portfolio of Mahindra Reva is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery and Transport
are the major categories in which Mahindra Reva has filed the patents. 37.5% of their patents are in Electrical
machinery and 25% of patents are in Transport category.
Exhibit 31: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Mahindra Reva Company
The exhibit below shows the status of patents filed by Mahindra Reva. Mahindra Reva filed 4 patents. Out of
these 4 patents, 1 patent is granted and 6 patents are still pending. In addition, the company filed all the patents
through PCT route.
42

Exhibit 32: Timeline of Patent Filings – Mahindra Reva Company
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Mahindra Reva year wise.
Tata Motors Company
Exhibit 33: IPC Category-wise Distribution – Tata Motors Company
The patent portfolio of Tata motors is provided in the exhibit below. Electrical machinery and Transport are the
only categories in which Tata motors has filed the patents. 57.2 % of their patents are in Transport category.
43

Exhibit 34: Patents Granted and Number of Patents Pending – Tata Motors Company
The exhibit below shows the status of patents filed by Tata motors. Tata motors filed 3 patents which are still
pending. In addition, Tata motors filed 4 patents via PCT route.
Exhibit 35: Timeline of Patent Filings – Tata Motors Company
The exhibit shows the number of patents filed by Tata motors year wise. The number of patents filed has been
stagnant from the year 2008 to present.
44

Comments:
1. The patents filed by the Indian companies are much lower than when compared to global companies.
2. PCT route is preferred by Indian companies to file patents related to electric vehicle technology. Mahindra
Reva filed all their patents through PCT route. 57.2 % of patents filed by Tata Motors are through PCT route.
45

Appendix – III: List of patents
Ford Motors Company
Audio-visual technology
Application/Patent Number Title Status
US8137236 OUPUT TORQUE MODULATION
CONTROL OF A TRANSMISSION IN
A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US20130162075 CABLE ASSEMBLY FOR AN ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE THAT INCLUDES
FLOOR SUPPORTED AND SUB-
FLOOR COMPONENTS
Pending
Computer technology
US8417431 METHOD FOR REDUCING GEAR
RATTLE IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8538619 ADAPTIVE REAL-TIME DRIVER AD-
VISORY CONTROL FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO ACHIEVE
FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT
Granted
US8700284 CHARGE WHILE BEING FLAT
TOWED FEATURE FOR ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Granted
US20080243325 OPTIMAL ENGINE OPERATING
POWER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
FOR A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20100063704 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER-
TRAIN WITH ENHANCED REVERSE
DRIVE PERFORMANCE
Pending
US20100305795 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
DISPLAYING POWER FLOW IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20110047102 VEHICLE BATTERY CHARGING SYS-
TEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20110166728 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CON-
TROLLING CHASSIS COUPLING
CURRENT
Pending
Pending
46

US20110172867 ENGINE POWER ELEVATION AND
ACTIVE BATTERY CHARGE ENERGY
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR
PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLES
Pending
US20120179311 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
REPORTING STATE OF CHARGE IN
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Pending
US20130015860 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DE-
TERMINING A TARGET STATE OF
CHARGE TO CHARGE A BATTERY
IN A VEHICLE USING EXTERNAL
ELECTRIC POWER
Pending
US20130173101 CLIMATE CONTROL ADVISORY
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20130226377 CONTROLLED SHUTDOWN OF AN
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
FUEL ECONOMY
Pending
US20140058595 ONLINE BATTERY CAPACITY ESTI-
MATION
Pending
Control
US7999665 PLUG-IN VEHICLE HAVING A
RECHARGING PORT WITH A STATE
OF CHARGE INDICATOR
Granted
US8525467 PHASE DELAYED ACTIVE MOTOR
DAMPING TO MITIGATE ELECTRIC
VEHICLE DRIVELINE OSCILLATIONS
Granted
Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy
US7576501 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POW-
ERTRAIN WITH DIVIDED POWER
FLOW PATHS
Granted
US8075329 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR
PREVENTING DISENGAGEMENT BE-
TWEEN AN ELECTRICAL PLUG AND
A CHARGE PORT ON AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Granted
US8089248 BATTERY MONITORING AND
CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD
OF USE INCLUDING REDUNDANT
SECONDARY COMMUNICATION
INTERFACE
Granted
US8134333 BATTERY AND ULTRACAPACITOR
DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE
Granted
47

US8159188 VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR
MANAGING POWER LIMITS FOR A
BATTERY
Granted
US8167262 POWER CONVERTER MOUNTING
ASSEMBLIES
Granted
US8207698 ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM FOR AN
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE
Granted
US8273501 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HY-
DRATING A PROTON EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Granted
US8400112 METHOD FOR MANAGING POWER
LIMITS FOR A BATTERY
Granted
US8405347 INPUT VOLTAGE BASED SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR CHARGING A
VEHICLE BATTERY
Granted
US8535201 METHOD AND STRATEGY TO DE-
TECT THE LOCK-UP OF PLANETARY
GEAR IN POWER SPLIT HYBRID
VEHICLES
Granted
US8575778 VARIABLE VOLTAGE CONVERTER
(VVC) WITH INTEGRATED BATTERY
CHARGER
Granted
US8647766 VOLTAGE DETECTION IN A BAT-
TERY
Granted
US8680795 VEHICLE ELECTRIC DRIVE AND
POWER SYSTEMS
Granted
US8695740 VEHICLE TRACTION BATTERY VEN-
TILATION CONTROL
Granted
US20090206793 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RE-
BALANCING A BATTERY DURING
VEHICLE OPERATION
Pending
US20100231169 AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE AND METH-
OD FOR CHARGING/DISCHARG-
ING A POWER STORAGE UNIT
THEREIN
Pending
US20100259223 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CON-
TROLLING CURRENT OF A POWER
DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT
Pending
US20110014533 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR POW-
ER CONTROL IN AN AUTOMOTIVE
VEHICLE
Pending
US20110043355 PLUG-IN VEHICLE Pending
US20110082607 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BAL-
ANCING A STORAGE BATTERY FOR
AN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE
Pending
Pending
US20110163710 VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM Pending
US20110163716 BATTERY CHARGER TEMPERATURE
Pending
48

US20110163722 VEHICLE AND METHOD OF
CHARGING BATTERY OF SAME
Pending
US20110175570 ELECTRICAL OUTLET COVER FOR
CHARGING ELECTRIFIED VEHICLES
Pending
US20110177372 SUPPORT ASSEMBLY FOR AN ARRAY
OF BATTERY CELLS
Pending
US20110177374 BATTERY COOLING Pending
US20110177376 BATTERY COVER ASSEMBLY Pending
US20110177379 BATTERY ASSEMBLY Pending
CHARGING AN AUXILARY BATTERY
IN A PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING AC LINE CURRENT AND
POWER DURING VEHICLE BATTERY
CHARGING
Pending
CHARGING A VEHICLE HIGH VOLT-
AGE BATTERY
Pending
US20120161925 VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR AU-
THENTICATING A CHARGE STA-
TION
Pending
CHARGING A VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
US20120177952 BATTERY CELL SEPARATOR Pending
US20120183828 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE PRO-
TECTION APPARATUS
Pending
CHARGING VEHICLE BATTERIES
Pending
Pending
US20130030617 BATTERY CELL VOLTAGE BALANC-
ING SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20130089999 LOCKING APPARATUS FOR ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE CHARGING CON-
NECTOR
Pending
US20130093391 VARIABLE OUTPUT CURRENT BAT-
TERY CHARGER AND METHOD OF
OPERATING SAME
Pending
US20130149575 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY WITH
SERIES AND PARALLEL FLUID FLOW
Pending
US20130154656 BATTERY PACK DISTRIBUTED ISOLA-
TION DETECTION CIRCUITRY
Pending
US20130164569 PACKAGING OF THERMISTOR IN A
BATTERY ASSEMBLY
Pending
49

US20130183563 TRACTION BATTERY ASSEMBLY
WITH PLENUM ARRANGED TO
PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF
MORE UNIFORM PRESSURE THERE-
IN
Pending
US20130187600 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING
SYSTEM ADAPTOR
Pending
US20130302653 VEHICLE BATTERY PACK COOLING
SYSTEM
Pending
US20130337296 COOLING SYSTEM HAVING
ACTIVE CABIN VENTING FOR A
VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
HEATING TRACTION BATTERY OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
TEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20140021914 VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM Pending
US20140021916 LOW COST CHARGER CIRCUIT
WITH PRECHARGE
Pending
US20140055092 TRACTION BATTERY DISCHARGE
CONTROL
Pending
US20140062348 CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AN
ELECTRIC MACHINE IN A VEHICLE
Pending
Pending
US20140070741 ELECTRIC MACHINE TORQUE CA-
PABILITY DETERMINATION
Pending
US20140077739 ELECTRIC MOTOR POSITION SIG-
NAL SYNCHRONIZED OPERATION
Pending
Engines, pumps, turbines
US7762232 ENGINE AND EXHAUST HEATING
FOR HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
US8056540 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FUEL
VAPOR CONTROL
Granted
US8336526 VAPOR PURGE SYSTEM INTEGRITY
DIAGNOSIS FOR A HYBRID VEHI-
CLE
Granted
CLE
Granted
US8453627 HYBRID VEHICLE PROPULSION
SYSTEM UTILIZING KNOCK SUP-
PRESSION
Granted
50

US20080224478 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO ANTICIPATE
THE NEED FOR A MODE CHANGE
Pending
US20100121556 TORQUE-BASED HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
FOR HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20110132291 AUXILIARY PUMP SCHEME FOR
A COOLING SYSTEM IN A HY-
BRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
VAPOR CONTROL
Pending
US20130291830 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR EN-
GINE STARTING DURING A SHIFT
Pending
US20130296126 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR
ENGINE CRANKING
Pending
STOPPING AN ENGINE
Pending
US20140058647 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OIL
DILUTION CONTROL
Pending
US20140073478 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
CONTROLLING ENGINE SHUT-
DOWN IN HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
Environmental technology
US8683781 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN
EXHAUST-GAS AFTERTREATMENT
DEVICE OF A HYBRID DRIVE, AND
HYBRID DRIVE
Granted
US20130232951 THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR OIL
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Pending
US20140081563 ENGINE-ON TIME PREDICTOR FOR
AFTERTREATMENT SCHEDULING
FOR A VEHICLE
Pending
Measurement
US20100321030 SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PRO-
VIDE LUBRICATION FOR A PLUG-IN
HYBRID
Pending
US20110174066 NON-INTRUSIVE EGR MONITOR
Pending
US20110184600 ADAPTIVE INITIAL ESTIMATION
AND DYNAMIC DETERMINATION
AND UPDATE OF DISTANCE UNTIL
CHARGE OF A PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
51

US20120010767 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND
METHOD OF CONTROL USING
PATH FORECASTING
Pending
DETERMINING AN OPERATING
CHARACTERISTIC ASSOCIATED
WITH AN INDUCTOR IN A POWER
CONVERTER SYSTEM
Pending
Mechanical elements
US7871348 VEHICLE HYBRID POWERTRAIN
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPER-
ATING SAME
Granted
POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20130012347 MULTI-MODE POWERSPLIT POWER-
TRAIN FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20130086897 TORSION DAMPER FOR HYBRID
ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION
Pending
US20130087225 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR HYBRID
Pending
US20130192947 MODULAR POWERTRAIN COM-
PONENT FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Pending
SYSTEM CONTROL
Pending
Thermal processes and apparatus
US20100218916 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VE-
HICLE SECONDARY COOLING
SYSTEM
Pending
US20100295391 COOLING SYSTEM AND METHOD
FOR AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
Pending
Transport
US7998024 SYSTEM FOR USING MECHANICAL
POWER TO OPERATE A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8030894 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REBAL-
ANCING A VEHICLE BATTERY
Granted
POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8047313 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLE
Granted
52

US8062171 TRANSMISSION ENGAGEMENT
CONTROL DURING AN ENGINE
RESTART OF A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Granted
US8062172 POWERTRAIN FOR A HYBRID
VEHICLE WITH ALL-WHEEL DRIVE
CAPABILITY AND METHOD FOR
CONTROLLING WHEEL SLIP
Granted
US8070648 TRANSMISSION CLUTCH STROK-
ING CONTROL DURING AN EN-
GINE RESTART IN A HYBRID ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8092340 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POW-
ERTRAIN CONTROL AFTER A
REQUESTED CHANGE IN VEHICLE
DIRECTION
Granted
US8116926 MOTOR POWER CONTROL Granted
CLE
Granted
US8151916 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR HYBRID ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLES
Granted
US8180509 TAIL PIPE EMISSIONS MODE
CONTROL FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Granted
US8239082 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EN-
HANCING FUEL ECONOMY OF A
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8248221 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DIS-
PLAYING RECOVERED ENERGY FOR
Granted
US8258937 SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING DATA
BETWEEN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE AND A REMOTE TRANS-
CEIVER
Granted
US8276696 STRUCTURAL BATTERY DUCT AS-
SEMBLY
Granted
US8296032 HYBRID VEHICLE AND A METHOD
OF CONTROL FOR IMPROVED
POWER MANAGEMENT
Granted
US8307928 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OP-
ERATING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR BY
LIMITING PERFORMANCE
Granted
US8336657 SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR INVERT-
ER SYSTEM CONTROLLER MODULE
Granted
US8346421 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INITI-
ATING STARTING OF AN ENGINE
IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8346422 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE THER-
MAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Granted
53

US8393423 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO PRE-
VENT VEHICLE DRIVEAWAY
DURING BATTERY CHARGING
Granted
CLE AND METHOD OF CONTROL
FOR PROVIDING DISTANCE TO
EMPTY AND EQUIVALENT TRIP
FUEL ECONOMY INFORMATION
Granted
US8433465 TRANSITIONING BETWEEN SE-
RIES-DRIVE AND PARALLEL-DRIVE
IN A HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLE
POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8467927 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SPEED
CONTROL OF A HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
CLE
Granted
ERTRAIN WITH AN ENHANCED
ALL-ELECTRIC DRIVE MODE
Granted
US8527123 VEHICLE RESPONSE SYSTEM AND
METHOD
Granted
US8543272 DISTANCE ORIENTED ENERGY
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR A
Granted
US8567540 DRIVE UNIT FOR AN ELECTRIC
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
US8579765 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE HOLD
FUNCTION
Granted
GENERATING VEHICLE VIBRA-
TION TO ALERT VEHICLE USER OF
WARNING
Granted
US8583301 ENGINE SPEED CONTROL FOR AN
ENGINE IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN FOR IM-
PROVED NOISE, VIBRATION AND
HARSHNESS
Granted
US8647231 TRANSITIONING BETWEEN ELEC-
TRIC-DRIVE AND PARALLEL-DRIVE
POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8649923 E-DRIVE PWM FREQUENCY STRAT-
EGY
Granted
TROLLING OPERATION OF AN
ELECTRIC OIL PUMP IN A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
Granted
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
US8676415 ENGINE POWER DEMAND
LOAD-LEVELING FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
54

US8690725 ENGINE RESTART TORQUE SPIKE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
CLE
Pending
US20100063658 ENGINE SPEED CONTROL AND
BATTERY POWER SCHEDULING
STRATEGY FOR AN ENGINE IN A
ERTRAIN
Pending
MICRO-HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
WITH AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMIS-
SION
Pending
METHOD FOR MANAGING HEAT
THEREIN
Pending
US20100084915 BRAKING SYSTEM FOR HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
US20100106352 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIS-
PLAYING AN OVERALL EFFICIENCY
OF A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20100106353 REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND
CHARGE FLOW STATE INDICATION
SYSTEM FOR A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING HEATING IN A HYBRID
VEHICLE USING A POWER SOURCE
EXTERNAL TO THE HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20100230197 AUTO-SEEK ELECTRICAL CON-
NECTION FOR A PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20100265050 VEHICLE INFORMATION DISPLAY
AND METHOD
Pending
ERTRAIN HAVING HIGH VEHICLE
SPEED ENGINE STARTS
Pending
US20100279818 CONTROL OF A DRY, DU-
AL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSION
DURING AN ENGINE RESTART OF
Pending
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A
POWERTRAIN THEREIN
Pending
CLE
Pending
US20110010031 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE CON-
TROL FOR MINIMIZING HIGH
VOLTAGE BATTERY POWER LIMITS
VIOLATIONS
Pending
55

TERMINING A PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE EXPECTED
DRIVE RANGE
Pending
OD OF DETERMINING FORWARD
OR BACKWARD MOVEMENT OF
SAME
Pending
AND METHOD
Pending
US20110162897 VEHICLE SOLAR PANEL ARRAY WITH
HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT
Pending
US20110162901 COOLING AIR DUCT FOR ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20110163141 APPARATUS FOR ON-BOARD
STORAGE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING CORD
Pending
OD FOR OPERATING CLIMATE
SYSTEM OF SAME
Pending
US20110165832 ELECTRIC COMPARTMENT EX-
HAUST DUCT WITH ENHANCED
AIR COOLING FEATURES
Pending
US20110166730 ENGINE TRANSIENT MITIGATION
FOR HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
US20110166731 ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL
OF A PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
US20110166732 DISTANCE BASED BATTERY
CHARGE DEPLETION CONTROL
FOR PHEV ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Pending
US20110168462 ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND METHOD
OF CONTROL FOR ACTIVE AUXIL-
IARY BATTERY DEPLETION
Pending
US20110172862 MULTIPLE-RATIO TRANSMISSION
DOWNSHIFT STRATEGY FOR
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER-
TRAINS
Pending
US20110178663 PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTER-
LOCK
Pending
US20110263379 MULTIPLE-MODE POWER SPLIT
HYBRID POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20110288712 METHOD TO PRIORITIZE ELEC-
TRIC-ONLY VEHICLE (EV) MODE
FOR A VEHICLE
Pending
US20110298241 APPARATUS FOR HEATING A VEHI-
CLE CABIN
Pending
METHOD OF PATH DEPENDENT
RECEDING HORIZON CONTROL
Pending
US20120022731 SERIES-DRIVE OPERATION DURING
LAUNCH AND CREEP OF A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
56

CHARGING OR DISCHARGING AN
ELECTRICAL DEVICE
Pending
CLE
Pending
US20120239251 CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM AND
METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING ENER-
GY CONSUMPTION OF A VEHICLE
Pending
US20120265382 TORQUE MODULATION IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE DOWNSHIFT
DURING REGENERATIVE BRAKING
Pending
US20120271492 TRANSIENT OPERATION ENERGY
ERTRAIN
Pending
US20130001006 METHOD FOR SUPPLYING POWER
TO AN ELECTRICALLY ASSISTED
STEERING SYSTEM
Pending
US20130006454 NONLINEAR ADAPTIVE OBSER-
VATION APPROACH TO BATTERY
STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATION
Pending
US20130030619 BATTERY CELL CAPACITY BALANC-
Pending
LOCK
Pending
US20130082521 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAN-
AGING ELECTRICAL LOADS IN A
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130116866 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VALVE
OPERATION CONTROL
Pending
Pending
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20130158756 HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRO-
VIDING MOTOR TORQUE BOOST
COMPENSATING FOR ENGINE
DELAY AND TORQUE EXCEEDING
MAXIMUM ENGINE TORQUE
Pending
METHOD FOR SMOOTH ENGINE
OPERATION WITH FIXED THROTTLE
POSITION
Pending
US20130178330 HYBRID VEHICLE AND CONTROL
FOR A CLUTCH ENGAGING EVENT
Pending
US20130179015 ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC DRIVE
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130187446 ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH TRAN-
SIENT CURRENT MANAGEMENT
FOR DC-DC CONVERTER
Pending
57

US20130193708 PACKAGE TRAY WITH CARGO
CATCHMENT
Pending
US20130217538 CONTROL OF POWERSPLIT
TRANSMISSION FOR AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130253745 CHARGE UTILIZATION CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20130268175 METHOD OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL
FOR ENGINE TRANSIENT MITIGA-
TION IN A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130274969 FEED FORWARD AND FEEDBACK
ADJUSTMENT OF MOTOR TORQUE
DURING CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT
Pending
US20130292223 PRE-STAGING AND BOOSTING
FOR DOWNSHIFTS TO INCREASE
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
Pending
US20130296098 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR A
VEHICLE DRIVELINE CONTROL
DURING VARYING DRIVING CON-
DITIONS
Pending
A FOUR WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE
DRIVELINE
Pending
US20130296104 BIASED SPEED CONTROL FOR AN
ELECTRIC MACHINE IN A HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296105 ADJUSTING MOTOR TORQUE TO
COMPENSATE FOR UPHILL AND
DOWNHILL DEMANDS DURING
CRUISE CONTROL IN HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING DRIVELINE LASH IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
STARTING A TURBOCHARGED EN-
GINE IN A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296108 MODULAR HYBRID TRANSMISSION
WITH A ONE WAY CLUTCH
Pending
US20130296110 MODULATING ENGINE TORQUE
TO SYNCHRONIZATION ENGINE
SPEED WITH MOTOR SPEED FOR
DISCONNECT CLUTCH ENGAGE-
MENT IN HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296112 CONTROLLING POWERTRAIN
COMPONENTS FOR HILL-HOLD-
ING IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLE
Pending
CONTROLLING A DRIVELINE IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
DRIVELINE SAILING MODE ENTRY
Pending
58

ENGINE STOPPING
Pending
OPERATING A VEHICLE DRIVELINE
RESPONSIVE TO EXTERNAL CON-
DITIONS
Pending
ADAPTING A DRIVELINE DISCON-
NECT CLUTCH TRANSFER FUNC-
TION
Pending
DRIVELINE DUAL MASS FLYWHEEL
Pending
US20130296127 TORQUE HOLE FILLING IN A HY-
BRID VEHICLE DURING AUTOMAT-
IC TRANSMISSION SHIFTING
Pending
US20130296128 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO MAN-
AGE DRIVELINE OSCILLATIONS
WITH CLUTCH PRESSURE CON-
TROL
Pending
TRANSITIONING BETWEEN BRAK-
ING MODES
Pending
US20130296132 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR AD-
JUSTING DRIVELINE DISCONNECT
CLUTCH OPERATION
Pending
VEHICLE DRIVELINE
Pending
US20130297106 HYBRID VEHICLE CONTROL UTILIZ-
ING GRADE DATA
Pending
US20130297110 LASH ZONE DETECTION IN A HY-
BRID VEHICLE
Pending
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
OPERATING A DRIVELINE DISCON-
NECT CLUTCH RESPONSIVE TO
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Pending
US20130297116 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR OP-
ERATING A VEHICLE DRIVELINE
Pending
US20130297117 METHODS AND SYSTEMS PROVID-
ING DRIVELINE BRAKING
Pending
LAUNCHING A VEHICLE
Pending
ADJUSTING DRIVELINE OPERATION
DURING AN ACCELERATOR TIP-
OUT
Pending
PROVIDING UNIFORM DRIVELINE
BRAKING
Pending
DRIVELINE DISCONNECT CLUTCH
Pending
US20130297126 OPPORTUNISTIC CHARGING OF
HYBRID VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
59

IMPROVING TRANSMISSION SHIFT-
ING
Pending
US20130297162 DYNAMIC SHIFT SCHEDULING IN
A HYBRID VEHICLE HAVING A STEP
RATIO AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Pending
US20130331230 TRANSMISSION CONTROL
Pending
US20140005865 HYBRID VEHICLE AND ASSOCIAT-
ED OUTPUT TORQUE CONTROL
METHOD
Pending
US20140005866 HYBRID VEHICLE AND ASSOCIATED
ENGINE START AND STOP CON-
TROL METHOD
Pending
CONTROL METHOD
Pending
ENGINE SPEED CONTROL METH-
OD
Pending
US20140012442 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO AVOID
UNINTENDED ENGINE ON/OFFS
FOR HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
US20140038772 TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20140070013 THERMAL SYSTEM AND METHOD
FOR A VEHICLE HAVING TRAC-
TION BATTERY
Pending
US20140070606 CUSTOMIZED BATTERY CHARGING Pending
OF BATTERY SET-POINT CONTROL
Pending
Pending
US20140100727 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPER-
ATING A HYBRID POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20140106927 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IM-
PROVING VEHICLE LAUNCH
Pending
Audio-visual technology

US8137236 OUPUT TORQUE MODULATION
CONTROL OF A TRANSMISSION IN
Granted
US20130162075 CABLE ASSEMBLY FOR AN ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE THAT INCLUDES
FLOOR SUPPORTED AND SUB-
FLOOR COMPONENTS
Pending
Computer technology
60

US8417431 METHOD FOR REDUCING GEAR
RATTLE IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN
Granted
Granted
US8700284 CHARGE WHILE BEING FLAT
TOWED FEATURE FOR ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Granted
POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20100063704 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER-
TRAIN WITH ENHANCED REVERSE
DRIVE PERFORMANCE
Pending
DISPLAYING POWER FLOW IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
TEM AND METHOD
Pending
TROLLING CHASSIS COUPLING
CURRENT
Pending
Pending
US20110172867 ENGINE POWER ELEVATION AND
ACTIVE BATTERY CHARGE ENERGY
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR
PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLES
Pending
US20120179311 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
REPORTING STATE OF CHARGE IN
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Pending
TERMINING A TARGET STATE OF
CHARGE TO CHARGE A BATTERY
IN A VEHICLE USING EXTERNAL
ELECTRIC POWER
Pending
US20130173101 CLIMATE CONTROL ADVISORY
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20130226377 CONTROLLED SHUTDOWN OF AN
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
FUEL ECONOMY
Pending
US20140058595 ONLINE BATTERY CAPACITY ESTI-
MATION
Pending
Control
61

US7999665 PLUG-IN VEHICLE HAVING A
RECHARGING PORT WITH A STATE
OF CHARGE INDICATOR
Granted
US8525467 PHASE DELAYED ACTIVE MOTOR
DAMPING TO MITIGATE ELECTRIC
VEHICLE DRIVELINE OSCILLATIONS
Granted
ERTRAIN WITH DIVIDED POWER
FLOW PATHS
Granted
PREVENTING DISENGAGEMENT BE-
TWEEN AN ELECTRICAL PLUG AND
A CHARGE PORT ON AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Granted
US8089248 BATTERY MONITORING AND
OF USE INCLUDING REDUNDANT
SECONDARY COMMUNICATION
INTERFACE
Granted
US8134333 BATTERY AND ULTRACAPACITOR
DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE
Granted
MANAGING POWER LIMITS FOR A
BATTERY
Granted
US8167262 POWER CONVERTER MOUNTING
ASSEMBLIES
Granted
US8207698 ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM FOR AN
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE
Granted
US8273501 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HY-
DRATING A PROTON EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Granted
Granted
US8405347 INPUT VOLTAGE BASED SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR CHARGING A
VEHICLE BATTERY
Granted
US8535201 METHOD AND STRATEGY TO DE-
TECT THE LOCK-UP OF PLANETARY
GEAR IN POWER SPLIT HYBRID
VEHICLES
Granted
US8575778 VARIABLE VOLTAGE CONVERTER
(VVC) WITH INTEGRATED BATTERY
CHARGER
Granted
US8647766 VOLTAGE DETECTION IN A BAT-
TERY
Granted
US8680795 VEHICLE ELECTRIC DRIVE AND
POWER SYSTEMS
Granted
US8695740 VEHICLE TRACTION BATTERY VEN-
TILATION CONTROL
Granted
US20090206793 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RE-
BALANCING A BATTERY DURING
VEHICLE OPERATION
Pending
62 Innomantra Consulting Private Limited

OD FOR CHARGING/DISCHARG-
ING A POWER STORAGE UNIT
THEREIN
Pending
TROLLING CURRENT OF A POWER
DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT
Pending
US20110014533 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR POW-
ER CONTROL IN AN AUTOMOTIVE
VEHICLE
Pending
US20110082607 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BAL-
ANCING A STORAGE BATTERY FOR
AN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE
Pending
Pending
US20110163710 VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM Pending
US20110163716 BATTERY CHARGER TEMPERATURE
Pending
US20110163722 VEHICLE AND METHOD OF
CHARGING BATTERY OF SAME
Pending
US20110175570 ELECTRICAL OUTLET COVER FOR
CHARGING ELECTRIFIED VEHICLES
Pending
US20110177372 SUPPORT ASSEMBLY FOR AN ARRAY
OF BATTERY CELLS
Pending
US20110177374 BATTERY COOLING Pending
US20110177376 BATTERY COVER ASSEMBLY Pending
US20110177379 BATTERY ASSEMBLY Pending
CHARGING AN AUXILARY BATTERY
IN A PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING AC LINE CURRENT AND
POWER DURING VEHICLE BATTERY
CHARGING
Pending
CHARGING A VEHICLE HIGH VOLT-
AGE BATTERY
Pending
US20120161925 VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR AU-
THENTICATING A CHARGE STA-
TION
Pending
Pending
US20120177952 BATTERY CELL SEPARATOR Pending
US20120183828 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE PRO-
TECTION APPARATUS
Pending
CHARGING VEHICLE BATTERIES
Pending
Pending
US20130030617 BATTERY CELL VOLTAGE BALANC-
Pending
63

US20130089999 LOCKING APPARATUS FOR ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE CHARGING CON-
NECTOR
Pending
US20130093391 VARIABLE OUTPUT CURRENT BAT-
TERY CHARGER AND METHOD OF
OPERATING SAME
Pending
US20130149575 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY WITH
SERIES AND PARALLEL FLUID FLOW
Pending
US20130154656 BATTERY PACK DISTRIBUTED ISOLA-
TION DETECTION CIRCUITRY
Pending
US20130164569 PACKAGING OF THERMISTOR IN A
BATTERY ASSEMBLY
Pending
US20130183563 TRACTION BATTERY ASSEMBLY
WITH PLENUM ARRANGED TO
PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF
MORE UNIFORM PRESSURE THERE-
IN
Pending
US20130187600 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING
SYSTEM ADAPTOR
Pending
US20130302653 VEHICLE BATTERY PACK COOLING
SYSTEM
Pending
US20130337296 COOLING SYSTEM HAVING
ACTIVE CABIN VENTING FOR A
VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
HEATING TRACTION BATTERY OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
TEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20140021914 VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM Pending
US20140021916 LOW COST CHARGER CIRCUIT
WITH PRECHARGE
Pending
US20140055092 TRACTION BATTERY DISCHARGE
CONTROL
Pending
Pending
Pending
US20140070741 ELECTRIC MACHINE TORQUE CA-
PABILITY DETERMINATION
Pending
US20140077739 ELECTRIC MOTOR POSITION SIG-
NAL SYNCHRONIZED OPERATION
Pending
Engines, pumps, turbines
FOR HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
VAPOR CONTROL
Granted
CLE
Granted
CLE
Granted
64

US8453627 HYBRID VEHICLE PROPULSION
SYSTEM UTILIZING KNOCK SUP-
PRESSION
Granted
US20080224478 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO ANTICIPATE
THE NEED FOR A MODE CHANGE
Pending
US20100121556 TORQUE-BASED HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
FOR HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20110132291 AUXILIARY PUMP SCHEME FOR
A COOLING SYSTEM IN A HY-
BRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
VAPOR CONTROL
Pending
US20130291830 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR EN-
GINE STARTING DURING A SHIFT
Pending
ENGINE CRANKING
Pending
STOPPING AN ENGINE
Pending
US20140058647 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OIL
DILUTION CONTROL
Pending
CONTROLLING ENGINE SHUT-
DOWN IN HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
Environmental technology
US8683781 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN
EXHAUST-GAS AFTERTREATMENT
DEVICE OF A HYBRID DRIVE, AND
HYBRID DRIVE
Granted
US20130232951 THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR OIL
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Pending
US20140081563 ENGINE-ON TIME PREDICTOR FOR
AFTERTREATMENT SCHEDULING
FOR A VEHICLE
Pending
Measurement
US20100321030 SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PRO-
VIDE LUBRICATION FOR A PLUG-IN
HYBRID
Pending
US20110174066 NON-INTRUSIVE EGR MONITOR
Pending
US20110184600 ADAPTIVE INITIAL ESTIMATION
AND DYNAMIC DETERMINATION
AND UPDATE OF DISTANCE UNTIL
CHARGE OF A PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
METHOD OF CONTROL USING
PATH FORECASTING
Pending
65

DETERMINING AN OPERATING
CHARACTERISTIC ASSOCIATED
WITH AN INDUCTOR IN A POWER
CONVERTER SYSTEM
Pending
Mechanical elements
US7871348 VEHICLE HYBRID POWERTRAIN
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPER-
ATING SAME
Granted
POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20130012347 MULTI-MODE POWERSPLIT POWER-
TRAIN FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20130086897 TORSION DAMPER FOR HYBRID
Pending
US20130087225 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR HYBRID
Pending
US20130192947 MODULAR POWERTRAIN COM-
PONENT FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Pending
SYSTEM CONTROL
Pending
Thermal processes and apparatus
US20100218916 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VE-
HICLE SECONDARY COOLING
SYSTEM
Pending
US20100295391 COOLING SYSTEM AND METHOD
FOR AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
Pending
Transport
US7998024 SYSTEM FOR USING MECHANICAL
POWER TO OPERATE A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8030894 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REBAL-
ANCING A VEHICLE BATTERY
Granted
POWERTRAIN
Granted
CLE
Granted
US8062171 TRANSMISSION ENGAGEMENT
CONTROL DURING AN ENGINE
RESTART OF A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Granted
US8062172 POWERTRAIN FOR A HYBRID
VEHICLE WITH ALL-WHEEL DRIVE
CAPABILITY AND METHOD FOR
CONTROLLING WHEEL SLIP
Granted
66

US8070648 TRANSMISSION CLUTCH STROK-
ING CONTROL DURING AN EN-
GINE RESTART IN A HYBRID ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE
Granted
ERTRAIN CONTROL AFTER A
REQUESTED CHANGE IN VEHICLE
DIRECTION
Granted
US8116926 MOTOR POWER CONTROL Granted
CLE
Granted
US8151916 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR HYBRID ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLES
Granted
US8180509 TAIL PIPE EMISSIONS MODE
CONTROL FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Granted
US8239082 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EN-
HANCING FUEL ECONOMY OF A
Granted
US8248221 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DIS-
PLAYING RECOVERED ENERGY FOR
Granted
US8258937 SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING DATA
BETWEEN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE AND A REMOTE TRANS-
CEIVER
Granted
US8276696 STRUCTURAL BATTERY DUCT AS-
SEMBLY
Granted
US8296032 HYBRID VEHICLE AND A METHOD
OF CONTROL FOR IMPROVED
POWER MANAGEMENT
Granted
US8307928 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OP-
ERATING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR BY
LIMITING PERFORMANCE
Granted
US8336657 SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR INVERT-
ER SYSTEM CONTROLLER MODULE
Granted
US8346421 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INITI-
ATING STARTING OF AN ENGINE
IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8346422 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE THER-
MAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Granted
Granted
CLE AND METHOD OF CONTROL
FOR PROVIDING DISTANCE TO
EMPTY AND EQUIVALENT TRIP
FUEL ECONOMY INFORMATION
Granted
US8433465 TRANSITIONING BETWEEN SE-
RIES-DRIVE AND PARALLEL-DRIVE
POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8467927 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SPEED
CONTROL OF A HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
67

CLE
Granted
ERTRAIN WITH AN ENHANCED
ALL-ELECTRIC DRIVE MODE
Granted
US8527123 VEHICLE RESPONSE SYSTEM AND
METHOD
Granted
US8543272 DISTANCE ORIENTED ENERGY
Granted
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
US8579765 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE HOLD
FUNCTION
Granted
GENERATING VEHICLE VIBRA-
TION TO ALERT VEHICLE USER OF
WARNING
Granted
US8583301 ENGINE SPEED CONTROL FOR AN
ENGINE IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE POWERTRAIN FOR IM-
PROVED NOISE, VIBRATION AND
HARSHNESS
Granted
US8647231 TRANSITIONING BETWEEN ELEC-
TRIC-DRIVE AND PARALLEL-DRIVE
POWERTRAIN
Granted
US8649923 E-DRIVE PWM FREQUENCY STRAT-
EGY
Granted
TROLLING OPERATION OF AN
ELECTRIC OIL PUMP IN A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV)
Granted
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
US8676415 ENGINE POWER DEMAND
LOAD-LEVELING FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US8690725 ENGINE RESTART TORQUE SPIKE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Granted
CLE
Pending
US20100063658 ENGINE SPEED CONTROL AND
BATTERY POWER SCHEDULING
STRATEGY FOR AN ENGINE IN A
ERTRAIN
Pending
MICRO-HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
WITH AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMIS-
SION
Pending
METHOD FOR MANAGING HEAT
THEREIN
Pending
68

US20100084915 BRAKING SYSTEM FOR HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
US20100106352 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIS-
PLAYING AN OVERALL EFFICIENCY
OF A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20100106353 REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND
CHARGE FLOW STATE INDICATION
SYSTEM FOR A HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING HEATING IN A HYBRID
VEHICLE USING A POWER SOURCE
EXTERNAL TO THE HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
AND METHOD
Pending
ERTRAIN HAVING HIGH VEHICLE
SPEED ENGINE STARTS
Pending
US20100279818 CONTROL OF A DRY, DU-
AL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSION
DURING AN ENGINE RESTART OF
Pending
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A
POWERTRAIN THEREIN
Pending
CLE
Pending
US20110010031 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE CON-
TROL FOR MINIMIZING HIGH
VOLTAGE BATTERY POWER LIMITS
VIOLATIONS
Pending
TERMINING A PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE EXPECTED
DRIVE RANGE
Pending
OD OF DETERMINING FORWARD
OR BACKWARD MOVEMENT OF
SAME
Pending
AND METHOD
Pending
US20110162897 VEHICLE SOLAR PANEL ARRAY WITH
HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT
Pending
US20110162901 COOLING AIR DUCT FOR ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20110163141 APPARATUS FOR ON-BOARD
STORAGE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING CORD
Pending
OD FOR OPERATING CLIMATE
SYSTEM OF SAME
Pending
69

US20110165832 ELECTRIC COMPARTMENT EX-
HAUST DUCT WITH ENHANCED
AIR COOLING FEATURES
Pending
US20110166730 ENGINE TRANSIENT MITIGATION
FOR HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
US20110166731 ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL
OF A PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
US20110166732 DISTANCE BASED BATTERY
CHARGE DEPLETION CONTROL
FOR PHEV ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Pending
OF CONTROL FOR ACTIVE AUXIL-
IARY BATTERY DEPLETION
Pending
US20110172862 MULTIPLE-RATIO TRANSMISSION
DOWNSHIFT STRATEGY FOR
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER-
TRAINS
Pending
LOCK
Pending
US20110263379 MULTIPLE-MODE POWER SPLIT
HYBRID POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20110288712 METHOD TO PRIORITIZE ELEC-
TRIC-ONLY VEHICLE (EV) MODE
FOR A VEHICLE
Pending
US20110298241 APPARATUS FOR HEATING A VEHI-
CLE CABIN
Pending
METHOD OF PATH DEPENDENT
RECEDING HORIZON CONTROL
Pending
US20120022731 SERIES-DRIVE OPERATION DURING
LAUNCH AND CREEP OF A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
CHARGING OR DISCHARGING AN
ELECTRICAL DEVICE
Pending
CLE
Pending
US20120239251 CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM AND
METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING ENER-
GY CONSUMPTION OF A VEHICLE
Pending
US20120265382 TORQUE MODULATION IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE DOWNSHIFT
Pending
US20120271492 TRANSIENT OPERATION ENERGY
ERTRAIN
Pending
US20130001006 METHOD FOR SUPPLYING POWER
TO AN ELECTRICALLY ASSISTED
STEERING SYSTEM
Pending
US20130006454 NONLINEAR ADAPTIVE OBSER-
VATION APPROACH TO BATTERY
STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATION
Pending
70

US20130030619 BATTERY CELL CAPACITY BALANC-
Pending
LOCK
Pending
US20130082521 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAN-
AGING ELECTRICAL LOADS IN A
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130116866 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VALVE
OPERATION CONTROL
Pending
Pending
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20130158756 HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRO-
VIDING MOTOR TORQUE BOOST
COMPENSATING FOR ENGINE
DELAY AND TORQUE EXCEEDING
MAXIMUM ENGINE TORQUE
Pending
METHOD FOR SMOOTH ENGINE
OPERATION WITH FIXED THROTTLE
POSITION
Pending
US20130178330 HYBRID VEHICLE AND CONTROL
FOR A CLUTCH ENGAGING EVENT
Pending
US20130179015 ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC DRIVE
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130187446 ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH TRAN-
SIENT CURRENT MANAGEMENT
FOR DC-DC CONVERTER
Pending
US20130193708 PACKAGE TRAY WITH CARGO
CATCHMENT
Pending
US20130217538 CONTROL OF POWERSPLIT
TRANSMISSION FOR AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130253745 CHARGE UTILIZATION CONTROL
SYSTEM AND METHOD
Pending
US20130268175 METHOD OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL
FOR ENGINE TRANSIENT MITIGA-
TION IN A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130274969 FEED FORWARD AND FEEDBACK
ADJUSTMENT OF MOTOR TORQUE
DURING CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT
Pending
US20130292223 PRE-STAGING AND BOOSTING
FOR DOWNSHIFTS TO INCREASE
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
Pending
VEHICLE DRIVELINE CONTROL
DURING VARYING DRIVING CON-
DITIONS
Pending
A FOUR WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE
DRIVELINE
Pending
Patent Portfolio of Major Automobile Companies (Electric Car Segment)- An Indicative Measure of Innovation 71

US20130296104 BIASED SPEED CONTROL FOR AN
ELECTRIC MACHINE IN A HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296105 ADJUSTING MOTOR TORQUE TO
COMPENSATE FOR UPHILL AND
DOWNHILL DEMANDS DURING
CRUISE CONTROL IN HYBRID
VEHICLE
Pending
TROLLING DRIVELINE LASH IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
STARTING A TURBOCHARGED EN-
GINE IN A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296108 MODULAR HYBRID TRANSMISSION
WITH A ONE WAY CLUTCH
Pending
US20130296110 MODULATING ENGINE TORQUE
TO SYNCHRONIZATION ENGINE
SPEED WITH MOTOR SPEED FOR
DISCONNECT CLUTCH ENGAGE-
MENT IN HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20130296112 CONTROLLING POWERTRAIN
COMPONENTS FOR HILL-HOLD-
ING IN A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLE
Pending
CONTROLLING A DRIVELINE IN A
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
DRIVELINE SAILING MODE ENTRY
Pending
ENGINE STOPPING
Pending
OPERATING A VEHICLE DRIVELINE
RESPONSIVE TO EXTERNAL CON-
DITIONS
Pending
ADAPTING A DRIVELINE DISCON-
NECT CLUTCH TRANSFER FUNC-
TION
Pending
DRIVELINE DUAL MASS FLYWHEEL
Pending
US20130296127 TORQUE HOLE FILLING IN A HY-
BRID VEHICLE DURING AUTOMAT-
IC TRANSMISSION SHIFTING
Pending
US20130296128 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO MAN-
AGE DRIVELINE OSCILLATIONS
WITH CLUTCH PRESSURE CON-
TROL
Pending
TRANSITIONING BETWEEN BRAK-
ING MODES
Pending
US20130296132 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR AD-
JUSTING DRIVELINE DISCONNECT
CLUTCH OPERATION
Pending
VEHICLE DRIVELINE
Pending
72

US20130297106 HYBRID VEHICLE CONTROL UTILIZ-
ING GRADE DATA
Pending
US20130297110 LASH ZONE DETECTION IN A HY-
BRID VEHICLE
Pending
HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
OPERATING A DRIVELINE DISCON-
NECT CLUTCH RESPONSIVE TO
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Pending
US20130297116 METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR OP-
ERATING A VEHICLE DRIVELINE
Pending
US20130297117 METHODS AND SYSTEMS PROVID-
ING DRIVELINE BRAKING
Pending
LAUNCHING A VEHICLE
Pending
ADJUSTING DRIVELINE OPERATION
DURING AN ACCELERATOR TIP-
OUT
Pending
PROVIDING UNIFORM DRIVELINE
BRAKING
Pending
DRIVELINE DISCONNECT CLUTCH
Pending
US20130297126 OPPORTUNISTIC CHARGING OF
HYBRID VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
IMPROVING TRANSMISSION SHIFT-
ING
Pending
US20130297162 DYNAMIC SHIFT SCHEDULING IN
A HYBRID VEHICLE HAVING A STEP
RATIO AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Pending
US20130331230 TRANSMISSION CONTROL
Pending
US20140005865 HYBRID VEHICLE AND ASSOCIAT-
ED OUTPUT TORQUE CONTROL
METHOD
Pending
ENGINE START AND STOP CON-
TROL METHOD
Pending
CONTROL METHOD
Pending
ENGINE SPEED CONTROL METH-
OD
Pending
US20140012442 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO AVOID
UNINTENDED ENGINE ON/OFFS
FOR HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
US20140038772 TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
A HYBRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20140070013 THERMAL SYSTEM AND METHOD
FOR A VEHICLE HAVING TRAC-
TION BATTERY
Pending
US20140070606 CUSTOMIZED BATTERY CHARGING Pending
73

OF BATTERY SET-POINT CONTROL
Pending
Pending
US20140100727 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPER-
ATING A HYBRID POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20140106927 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IM-
PROVING VEHICLE LAUNCH
Pending
Analysis of biological materials
TROLLING A VEHICLE BATTERY
Pending
Computer technology
US8135519 METHOD AND APPARATUS TO
DETERMINE A PREFERRED OUT-
PUT TORQUE FOR OPERATING A
HYBRID TRANSMISSION IN A FIXED
GEAR OPERATING RANGE STATE
Granted
US8489265 METHOD AND ENGINE STABILITY
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Granted
US20090118881 DETECTING PROGRAM FLOW
FAULT IN TORQUE SECURITY
SOFTWARE FOR HYBRID VEHICLE
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM
Pending
US20090118919 METHOD FOR DETERMINING
INERTIA EFFECTS FOR A HYBRID
POWERTRAIN SYSTEM
Pending
US20090118942 METHOD FOR DETERMINING
CONSTRAINTS ON INPUT TORQUE
IN A HYBRID TRANSMISSION
Pending
US20090118957 OPTIMAL SELECTION OF BLENDED
BRAKING CAPACITY FOR A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20090118964 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING
ELECTRIC BOOST IN A HYBRID
POWERTRAIN
Pending
US20090319115 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
ESTIMATING TEMPERATURES OF
POWER MODULE COMPONENTS
Pending
US20100292880 METHOD FOR MANAGING BAT-
TERY POWER WITHIN A HYBRID
POWERTRAIN SYSTEM
Pending
US20100305793 METHOD FOR STARTING A HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
74

US20110125351 CONTROL OF REGENERATIVE
BRAKING IN A HYBRID VEHCILE
Pending
US20110213517 METHOD FOR OPERATING A HY-
BRID VEHICLE
Pending
US20110295474 TRANSMISSION LOAD PREDICTING
SYSTEM FOR A STOP-START SYSTEM
AND A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Pending
US20110301790 OPTIMIZING USE OF SOLAR PHO-
TOVOLTAIC-GENERATED ELEC-
TRICITY IN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID
VEHICLES
Pending
US20110320075 TORQUE BLENDING SYSTEMS FOR
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH
ELECTRICALLY CONTINUOUS VARI-
ABLE TRANSMISSIONS
Pending
US20120072060 METHOD OF MONITORING IN-
USE PERFORMANCE RATIOS OF
ONBOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
FOR PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Pending
US20120109431 ROBUST MOTOR TORQUE PER-
FORMANCE DIAGNOSTICS AL-
GORITHM FOR ELECTRIC DRIVE
SYSTEMS IN HYBRID VEHICLES
Pending
US20120239283 CONSISTENT RANGE CALCULA-
TION IN HYBRID VEHICLES WITH
HYBRID AND PURE BATTERY ELEC-
TRIC PROPULSION
Pending
Control
US8207740 METHOD FOR USE WITH A VE-
HICLE BATTERY PACK HAVING A
NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL BATTERY
CELLS
Granted
US8214120 METHOD TO MANAGE A HIGH
VOLTAGE SYSTEM IN A HYBRID
POWERTRAIN SYSTEM
Granted
US7911180 SINGLE-PHASE PHASE LOCKED
LOOP SUITABLE FOR USE IN A HY-
BRID VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR CHARGING
A HYBRID VEHICLE FROM A SIN-
GLE-PHASE POWER SOURCE
Granted
US8054046 FAST SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR
FINDING INITIAL DIFFUSION
VOLTAGE IN ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
SYSTEMS
Granted
US8399138 LIQUID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM
ION BATTERY
Granted
75

Innomantra - Patent Portfolio of Electric Cars - Report July 2015

Innomantra - Patent Portfolio of Electric Cars - Report July 2015

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Innomantra - Patent Portfolio of Electric Cars - Report July 2015