T Ri Z Initiation Workshop

Ingénieurs & Scientifiques d’Ile-de-France
Groupe Paris Ile de France

* Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

Conférence « conception innovante »

Paris, 16 avril 2008

La résolution de problèmes de manière innovante est une démarche intellectuelle indépendante du
domaine du problème à résoudre et des disciplines concernées par les solutions nouvelles et à succès ;
lors de cet exposé introductif, nous apprendrons ensemble, par des exercices de créativité et des
exemples d'applications, comment la TRiZ* (Théorie de Résolution des Problèmes d’Invention) nous
g u id e mé t h o d o lo g iq u e me n t e t p a s à p a s v e r s d e s s o lu t io n s i n n o v a n t e s .

16 Avril 2008 Table ronde « innovation » Pôles Automobile & BTP 2008 © Pascal Sire

Avoir du succès dans un monde compétitif ?

Intégration
Stratégie
Brevet

Invention Innovation

© Copyright Michel Ph. Mattoug


L’IE au service des projets d’innovation !

© Copyright Patrick Trassaert

Objectives « innovation as a process for all »

My intention is to show,

WOIS Core Elements for Business Leadership © WOIS Institut
that the process of
solving problems
• is accessible to everybody,
• very important to learn, and
• fascinating all over.
Genrich Altshuller

I do not search, I find!
Pablo Picasso


A changing world!

Each invention is a road
through the 'impossible'
Generally, 'impossible' is only
'impossible by existing means'
The inventor must find a new
concept, and then the
impossible becomes possible...
• G. Altshuller (1926-1998)

"You see things; and you say, 'Why?'
but I dream things that never were; M.C. Escher (1898-1972)
and I say, 'Why not?'" Relativity, 1953, Lithograph
George Bernard Shaw,
Back to Methuslelah, 1921

Innovation is the process; success is the result!


Vocabulary « problem, generic term, function »

Invention
• Idea Creativity is no substitute for
knowing what you are doing.
Innovation
• Idea + action * MARKET
Innovative design
• Progress quicker than the
normal « evolution curve »
Disruptive or sustaining
innovation
• AND differently to be
successful on the market
Radical or incremental
innovation



Rupture technologique !
• Tradition familiale viticole Arthur

• Willy, vigneron et inventeur 55 cm 4,3 kg

• Frédéric, industriel Né le 28 Mars 2008 !

• Arthur ?

Willy, né en 1943

Frédéric, né en 1905

Frédéric, lauréat du Concours 2007
"Innover en Grand Pays de Colmar"

Charles, né en 1865 http://www.costral.fr


Innovation landscape (TRiZ and other approachs)

Lean
• Embed the underlying essentials for the
ultimate in efficiency

Six Sigma
• Deliver a systematic quality
management approach

BPM
• Map and re-organise your business
processes to better align it to your
business strategy

Culture change
• Train, develop and lead your staff into a
un-precedented culture of excellence

Innovation
• Using TRIZ for creative problem solving
and DFSS for innovative products and
processes


Innovation methods « how it works »
Think of the end
before the beginning.
Unlocking mental inertia Leonardo Da Vinci
• Push experts « out-of-the-box »
Recognition of evolution trends
• Evolution laws, ideality
Problem reformulation
• Vocabulary, functions, etc.
Specific conditions importance
• Available & free resources
Abstraction and modelisation
• Problem formalisation
Search for ideal solution models
• Re-use existing models
Specific solution
implementation
• Apply (partial) solutions


Advantages (real-life particulary efficient cases)

Strategic planning
• Forecast, Executives We fail more often
Complex problem because we solve the wrong problem
than because we get the wrong solution
resolution to the right problem.
• Clients, Business Partners Russel Ackoff
Innovation
• Product / Service, Business
model, etc.
Invention
• Technology, Process,
Patent
Integration
• Six Sigma, Quality, Lean,
etc.


How to start?

Analysis of domain evolution
• Creativity tools & reformulation
Problem modelisation
• Identification of contradiction
Structured methodology
• Step-by-step guidelines
Existing resources
• Inventive Principles,
• Inventive Standards, etc.
• List of known effects,
• Examples, etc.

Self-education, with « open mind »
• Documents, Internet links, wikis
• Consultants, facilitators, experts


TRiZ links

The Altshuller Institute [en] Journal TRiZ (USA) [en]
http://www.aitriz.org http://www.triz-journal.com
OTSM-TRIZ Technologies ETRIA European TRIZ Association
Center [en,ru] [en]
http://www.trizminsk.org/eng/index.htm http://www.etria.net
The Official Foundation of TRIZ France [fr]
G.S.Altshuller [en,ru,fr,ge,sp] http://www.trizfrance.org
http://www.altshuller.ru/world/eng
The Thinking Approach [en] TRIZ INSA Strasbourg [fr]
http://www.thinking-approach.org http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/triz

TRIZ Home Page in Japan Jonathan Livingston Project -
(Editor: T. Nakagawa) [en,jp] OTSM-TRIZ [ru]
http://www.jlproj.org
http://www.osaka-
gu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ TRIZ, from Wikipedia [en]
Associacion Mexicana de TRIZ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ
AMETRIZ [sp] TRIZ, dans Wikipedia [fr]
http://www.mty.itesm.mx/dia/centros/ci http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ
dyt/ametriz

Master's Degree Specializing in Innovative Design [en]
http://www.insa-strasbourg.fr/fr/mastere-specialise-conception-innovante



THANKS!
Pascal SIRE
Innovation Catalyst
pascal.sire@insalien.org


Agenda

TRiZ initiation process All life is problem solving.
Learning through games Sir Karl R. Popper
• creativity, vocabulary
TRiZ overview (high level)
• extracted from one year of Advanced Master in Innovative Design
Axiom 1: any problem can be expressed as a contradiction.
Axiom 2: a set of objective laws characterize the systems evolution.
Axiom 3: specific conditions enable convergence to the solution area.
Learning through examples
• daily life, past inventors
Next step (helping YOU to innovate with clients easier and faster)
• lesson learned & added material, books, links, references, etc.


Learning through games – creativity exercices

Sequence pattern
Nine dots problem
Our brain is amazing
Lateral thinking « Alice »
Brainstorming techniques
Six Thinking Hats (De Bono)
Disney Creativity Strategy
Do nothing-technique
Fresh eye –technique
Pictures as idea triggers
The Lotus Blossom Technique
Etc.

Images © The Creativ e Problem Solv ing Group - Buffalo


0. TRiZ’s main axioms - 3 elements of theory

© Copyright “Advanced Master in Innovative Design“ INSA Strasbourg
1. All problems may be formulated in a form of a
contradiction.
Corollary : if we fail to define a problem as a contradiction, this is
not a problem relevant to TRiZ
2. Systems evolve according to objective laws of evolution.
Corollary 1 : Systems evolution correspond to the solving of a
contradiction.
Corollary 2 : A better solution is a solution in accordance with
these laws.
3. Each specific problem must be solved in accordance with
restrictions of the specific problem situation.
Corollary : A good solution is a solution that involves as few new
resources as possible.

0.1. Basics on TRiZ, an « East attitude »

TRIZ = "Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch"
• or Theory of Inventive Problems Solving,
• ou Théorie de Résolution des Problèmes d’Invention.
TRIZ based by Genrich S. Altshuller in 1956 on inventive principles
• derived from the study of more than 2.5 million of the world's most
innovative patents and inventions.
TRIZ provides tools and methods for use in
• problem formulation, system analysis, failure analysis, and patterns
of system evolution (both 'as-is' and 'could be'), forecasting, etc.
TRIZ
• in contrast to techniques such as ‘brainstorming’ (which is based on
random idea generation),
• aims to create an algorithmic approach to the invention of new
systems, and the refinement of old systems.


0.2. Levels of inventiveness - patent analysis

TRiZ


0.3. TRiZ approach, techniques, method, theory

Evolution of TRiZ
Analytical Tools

Cf. 20071106_triz-forecasting.Is TRIZ a method.pdf

Learning through examples – TRiZ practice

TRiZ real-life analysis with Auguste Piccard’s
multi-screens approach Bathyscaphe (how to safely
• Evolution trends release the load)
• Innovation jumps • ARiZ process (steps 1.1-1.7)
• Contradiction scheme
• Available resources
• Laws of evolution
• List of fields, etc.

Floater

Living sphere

Load



TRiZ overview

« TRiZ is a tool for thinking
but not instead of thinking »
G. Altshuller

Edison: “Innovation is 2% inspiration and 98% transpiration.”
TRiZ is for the 2%.


TRiZ’s convergent process « TRiZ in one slide »


e
a ly s
An
For

l
de
m

Co n
Mo
ulat

.v
ion

The TRiZ provides a process to provoke a breakthrough in your
thinking patterns and the way you approach problem solving.


TRiZ’s main axioms / details on applications

1. All problems may be formulated in a form of a
contradiction.
Corollary : if we fail to define a problem as a contradiction, this is
not a problem relevant to TRiZ
2. Systems evolve according to objective laws of evolution.
Corollary 1 : Systems evolution correspond to the solving of a
contradiction.
Corollary 2 : A better solution is a solution in accordance with
these laws.
3. Each specific problem must be solved in accordance with
restrictions of the specific problem situation.
Corollary : A good solution is a solution that involves as few new
resources as possible.

1. TRiZ contradiction principle: the best of both!

How to best optimize parameter A AND parameter B?
Saving resources AND improving quality (good to best)!


1.1. Contradiction topologies


2. Laws of Systems Evolution (summary)


2.0. Laws of Evolution (classification)

Static laws

1-System 2-Conductivity (taking 3-Harmonization (local
completeness out) quality)

Cinematic laws

4-Increasing ideality 5-Non uniform devt. 6-Become a
element subsystem

Dynamic laws

7-Transition to 8-Increasing
microsystems controllability


2.1. System Completeness


2.2. Energy Conductivity


2.3. Harmonization


2.4. Increasing Ideality


2.5. Irregularity of part’s Evolution


2.6. Transition to Super-system


2.7. Macro to Micro-level


2.8. Increasing Interactions


2.8.1. Patterns

Monobloc
Monobloc
Dynamics Growth
• In order to increase their One hinge
One hinge
efficiency, rigid systems
evolve towards a more Several hinges
Several hinges
dynamic structure, moving
towards a more flexible, Flexible substance
Flexible substance
rapidly changeable structure,
using a way of functionning
Liquid
Liquid
wich self-adapt to the
Gas
Gas
changes of its environment.
Constant field
Constant field
Impulsed field
Impulsed field
Variable field
Variable field


2.A. Long-term evolutions

Wheel
• Rigid stone wheel (3'500 BC)
• Wooden wheel with nave
• Wheel with wire spokes under
tension
• Wheel with monolith rubber rim
• Pneumatic wheel
• Next ??
Ship tool
• Punt-pole
• Oars
• Paddle-wheel
• Screw propeller
• Hydro-jet
• Air Cushion
• Next ??


2.A.1. System evolution « industry example »

What do we learn about evolution (user, techniques, tools)?


2.B. How to define a system’s position?


3. How do we look for the solution?

Systematic analysis, TRiZ approach

Ideal
Final
Result

Trials & errors

Brainstrorming

3.1. TRiZ approach to Inventive Problem Solving

The TRiZ problem solving
process has four steps
1. problem definition,
2. problem classification,
3. tool selection,
4. solution generation,
and evaluation of the
innovation process!

"First they ignore you,
then they laugh at you,
then they fight you,
then you win.“ **ARiZ Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving
Gandhi


3.1.1. Free available resources


Substances Time
• Solid, liquid, gas, plasma • Time before carrying out the
main useful function, time of
the function, time after
Field realization of the main
• Mechanical, acoustic, function
thermal, chemical, electrical,
magnetic, vibration, etc.
Information
• Information transferable by
Space substance, by field
• Empty space in system, sub-
systems, super-systems,
atificial and natural void, Functional resources
constant and variable empty • Using available elements to
space perform additional functions

3.1.2. Structure of useful fields



3.2. ARiZ** method (overview)

**ARiZ Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving


3.2.1. Analysis of Initial Situation

1. Determine the final goal We fail more often
2. Investigate a "bypass approach" because we solve the wrong problem
3. Determine which problem to solve, the than because we get the wrong solution
ORIGINAL or the BYPASS to the right problem.
4. Determine the required quantitative Russel Ackoff
characteristics
5. Increase the required quantitative
characteristics by considering the time In order to reduce the search
of invention implementation area it is necessary to transform
6. Define the requirements for the specific an Initial Situation into a specific
conditions in which the invention is Problem
going to function
7. Examine if it is possible to solve the
problem by direct application of the Initial situation is any situation
Inventive Standards with chosen undesirable
8. Define the problem more precisely (harmful) feature(s) or properties
utilizing patent information
9. Use STC (Size, Time, Cost) operator


3.3. TRiZ’s 40 Inventive Principles Matrix

http://triz40.com


3.3.1. TRiZ’s 40 Inventive Principles (list)

1. Segmentation 21. Skipping
2. Extraction 22. ‘Blessing in Disguise’
3. Local Quality 23. Feedback Some will be
4. Asymmetry 24. Intermediary familiar ‘tricks’ or
5. Combination 25. Self-Service strategies
6. Universality 26. Copying Some will be new
7. ‘Nested Doll’ 27. Cheap/Short Living
8. Counterweight 28. Mechanics Substitution So far we only
9. Prior Counter-Action 29. Pneumatics and know these 40 (but
Hydraulics
10. Prior Action there may be more
30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films out there)
11. Prior Cushioning
31. Porous Materials
12. Equi-potentiality
32. Colour Changes ‘Knowing’ there are
13. ‘The Other Way Round’
33. Homogeneity only 40 ways to solve
14. Spheroidality a contradiction, the
34. Discarding and
15. Dynamics Recovering 40 IP represent an
16. Partial or Excessive Action 35. Parameter Changes excellent means of
17. Another Dimension 36. Phase Transitions focusing brainstorm
18. Mechanical Vibration 37. Thermal Expansion activities
19. Periodic Action 38. Strong Oxidants
20. Continuity of Useful Action 39. Inert Atmosphere http://triz40.com
40. Composite Materials


3.4. TRiZ’s Multi-screen & System operator


3.5. TRiZ’s Size-Time-Cost operator


3.6. TRiZ – Little men (roots understanding)


3.A. Typical structure of a TRiZ project team

Team leader to manage the project
TRiZ experts
• with previous consulting experience, teaching TRiZ is a plus
Experts in the particular problem situation
• previous experience, new product/service development is a plus,
motivation to solve inventive and innovative problems, awareness of
competitive products/services
Professionals
• wide background in different branches, working in corporate environment,
familiar with engineering, motivation to solve
Marketing specialist
• familiar with situation of the Customer's market
It is preferable to have the possibility of inviting external experts
And a facilitator as “candid child” but also keeping the team focused ;-)


3.B. Comparison of various TRiZ techniques


3.C. Applications of TRiZ techniques


Next TRiZ steps

More practice to the next levels It's the job that's never started
that takes the longest to finish.
• 1st: 40 IP, multi-screens, etc. J.R.R. Tolkien
• 2nd: ARiZ process (2 weeks)
• 3rd: more tools & methods
New personal capabilities
• Thinking « out-of-the-box » in
every situation
• Using Laws, Evolution Trends &
Patterns
• Leveraging & Sharing
knowledge bases
Investing 10 to get 100 ;-)
• Professional & Personal life
• Efficient in all domains
• Innovators’ innovator!



TRiZ lessons learned

“TRiZ does not replace human creativity,
but restructure the thinking process of a designer.”


Some challenges in innovation management

Cultural barriers to collaboration (esp.
deal-making) with 3rd parties
Capability gaps in portfolio
management and deal-structuring
Processing the volume and diversity of
ideas (separating “wheat from chaff”)
Keeping the idea flow going past the
initial 3 months
Resolving legal issues surrounding IP
Perceived threat to R&D jobs
Ensuring that specialists and experts
don’t block progress
Making decisions about disruptive
ideas


Principles, patents, laws, contradiction, ideality

Inventive problem solving is an intellectual approach domain-
independant…
• New and succesful solutions gain benefit from past and structured
analysis!
Limited number of inventive principles & standards…
• Innovative design can be learned and applied by everyone!
Inventions extracted from patents are sorted by inventiveness… F
• Knowledge sources from millions of past inventors are freely available! R
Systems evolve by themselves according to the laws of evolution… E
• Understanding and anticipating these changes provides solution ideas! E
Problem resolution refuse compromise between opposite
parameters…
• The best solution really removes the internal contradiction of the
system!
Any innovative solution improves the ideality level of the system…
• Growing sum of useful functions & reducing sum of harmful functions!


Why the society needs TRIZ (1/2)

Cf. TRiZ & PM - etria_paper_presentation-0711 for PMI-FR.pdf

Why the society needs TRIZ (2/2)

The XXI century society is The European
facing an increasing series of Commission,
complex problems, as:
• starting from the Lisbon
• Technology increasing
2000 council,
complexity
• Globalization • established a roadmap to
• Shortage of natural resources become the more
innovative society in the
• Climate change
world from 2010.
• Migrations
• New economic players Unfortunately a huge gap
• Market instability between Europe and
• Ethnical crisis… class leaders as Japan
and US still exists.


Essence of TRiZ in 50 Words

Recognition that
• [technical] systems evolve
• towards the increase of ideality
• by overcoming contradictions
• mostly with minimal introduction of resources.

© Toru Nakagawa, Osaka Gakuin University
Thus, for creative problem solving,
• TRiZ provides a dialectic way of thinking, i.e.,
• to understand the problem as a system,
• to image the ideal solution first,
• and to solve contradictions.

Innovation is the process…
Success is the result!


Some projects/companies using TRiZ


TRiZ, a new approach to Problem Solving

Today, many Fortune 500 Executives want people
companies use TRiZ to: and teams who can think
• design better products, outside-the-box
• less complicated
processes, TRiZ encourages a
• understand disruptive different level of thinking,
market trends, breaking mental inertia!
• improve their handling of
intellectual property.


« breakthrough thinking » projects with TRiZ

September 2001: Being declares a 1.5
Samsung recognizes "an billion USD profit due to
inventive solution this solution
concerning the head of a
DVD drive, developed
using TRiZ, brings 91.2
million USD to the
company"


Innovation and quality improvement on the Kano’s model


Customer's requirements & Four patterns of Innovation


S-curve template for function development


Sony case example about Innovation path


Siemens A&D methodical path to innovation


Complete Technical System education example


E-commerce software security system situations


The QFD, TRIZ and FMEA tools linked in the development process
consisting of pre-development and New Product Development


TRiZ knowledge spiral

TRiZ overview
• basic differences with
traditional approaches
• design and inventive
problem solving
The techniques of TRiZ
• elements of the TRiZ in
the process of solving the
non-complex problems
• 40 Inventive Principles
TRiZ methods & tools
• "substances-field" model
• 76 Inventive Standards 3 – TRiZ & ARiZ
practice
ARiZ training 2b - ARiZ
• concepts for resolving training
non-standard problems 2a – methods & tools
1b – axioms
TRiZ & ARiZ practice 1a - overview



THANKS!

Pascal SIRE
Innovation Catalyst
pascal.sire@insalien.org


T Ri Z Initiation Workshop

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