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La Foresta Amazónica y el Cambio Climático Philip M. Fearnside Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA http://philip.inpa.gov.br Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá, Colómbia 24 Agosto 2011
Nat Geogr. map
 
 
 
(a) Valores da revisão de Salati (2001), exceto o último item. (b) Porcentagem em comparação com a vazão média na foz. Fluxos de água na Amazônia Descrição Volume de água (trilhões de m 3 /ano) (a) Comparação com a vazão do rio Amazonas (%) (b) Transporte do Oceano Atlântico para dentro da região pelos ventos alísios 10 ± 1 152% Vazão média do rio Amazonas na foz 6,6 100% Precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Amazonas 15,05 228% Evapotranspiração 8,43 128% Vapor d’água transportado por ventos para outras regiões 3,4 ± 1 52%
Fonte: http://ar.geocities.com/lapaginaderionegroyneuquen/temas/salltej.htm
 
Domínio: (76,2W – 47,6W; 13,2S – 5,5N) - 184 -184 Correia, 2005 Unidade: 10 6  kg/s 202 mil toneladas de vapor de água por segundo em uma área de aproximadamente 6 milhões de quilômetros quadrados  Equivalem a aproximadamente 1 metro de água líquida no ano
 
 
Changes in vegetation biomass between the present day and the 2080s – 8 – 5 – 3 – 1 1 3 5 8 kgC/m 2 – 8 – 5 – 3 – 1 1 3 5 8 kgC/m 2 [Hadley Centre, 2000]
Cândido et al., 2007
IPCC AR4 WG2 2007. Chapter 3
 
IPCC 2007  AR-4, WG-I, p. 779
Cox et al. 2004
 
Photo by R.I. Barbosa
Cox et al. 2004
Stainforth,2005
ADAPTED FROM HEGERL  ET AL., NATURE  (2006)
Betts et al. 2004  Theoretical and Applied Climatology
Huntingford et al. 2004  Theoretical and Applied Climatology
Length of dry season Derived from the New et al 2001 dataset
Impact of El Nino Malhi and Wright 2004  Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical forest regions.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Seca de 2005 Photos Greenpeace
 
 
 
 
 
 
Published by AAAS A. T.  Evan et al.,  Science  324, 778 -781 (2009)  Fig. 4 Map of linear trends in observed SST (A) and the residual SST (B)
Published by AAAS A. T.  Evan et al.,  Science  324, 778 -781 (2009)  Fig. 2 Time series of mixed layer response to dust and stratospheric aerosol forcing (A) and observed SST anomalies (B)
This is especially critical because   studies have estimated a reduction in Atlantic dust cover of   40 to 60% under a doubled carbon dioxide climate ( 33 ), which,   on the basis of model runs with an equivalent reduction of the   mean dust forcing, could result in an additional 0.3° to   0.4°C warming of the northern tropical Atlantic.   Evan et al. 2009, pp. 780-781 These calculations suggest that 69% of the recent upward trend   in northern tropical Atlantic SST is due to changes in aerosols . 33= Mahowald, N. M., and C. Luo (2003), A less dusty future?,  Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30(17), 1903
Fig. 1 (A and B) Satellite-derived standardized anomalies for dry-season rainfall for the two most extensive droughts of the 21st century in Amazonia. S L Lewis et al. Science 2011;331:554-554 Published by AAAS
10km Fotos: Richard Bierregaard
 
Damage and mortality of trees (%/yr) Nascimento and Laurance, 2004 Ecol. Appl.;
 
Painéis Suportes Calhas Drenos Redução de 50-60% da precipitação Experimentos de exclusão de chuvas – simulando el niños de longa duração – Projetos LBA/ESECAFLOR e LBA/SECA FLORESTA
Foley et al. 2007  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
 
 
IPCC, 2007  AR4 WG1 Ch. 10 p. 775
Cox et al. 2004  Theoretical and Applied Climatology
 
 
 
 
IPCC AR4 WG2 2007. SPM
IPCC, 2007 (AR-4 WG1 SPM)
 
Folha de S. Paulo 10/11/09, p. A-4.
 
http://philip.inpa.gov.br

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La foresta amazónica y el cambio climático - Philip Fearnside

  • 1. La Foresta Amazónica y el Cambio Climático Philip M. Fearnside Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA http://philip.inpa.gov.br Instituto Humboldt, Bogotá, Colómbia 24 Agosto 2011
  • 3.  
  • 4.  
  • 5.  
  • 6. (a) Valores da revisão de Salati (2001), exceto o último item. (b) Porcentagem em comparação com a vazão média na foz. Fluxos de água na Amazônia Descrição Volume de água (trilhões de m 3 /ano) (a) Comparação com a vazão do rio Amazonas (%) (b) Transporte do Oceano Atlântico para dentro da região pelos ventos alísios 10 ± 1 152% Vazão média do rio Amazonas na foz 6,6 100% Precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Amazonas 15,05 228% Evapotranspiração 8,43 128% Vapor d’água transportado por ventos para outras regiões 3,4 ± 1 52%
  • 8.  
  • 9. Domínio: (76,2W – 47,6W; 13,2S – 5,5N) - 184 -184 Correia, 2005 Unidade: 10 6 kg/s 202 mil toneladas de vapor de água por segundo em uma área de aproximadamente 6 milhões de quilômetros quadrados Equivalem a aproximadamente 1 metro de água líquida no ano
  • 10.  
  • 11.  
  • 12. Changes in vegetation biomass between the present day and the 2080s – 8 – 5 – 3 – 1 1 3 5 8 kgC/m 2 – 8 – 5 – 3 – 1 1 3 5 8 kgC/m 2 [Hadley Centre, 2000]
  • 14. IPCC AR4 WG2 2007. Chapter 3
  • 15.  
  • 16. IPCC 2007 AR-4, WG-I, p. 779
  • 17. Cox et al. 2004
  • 18.  
  • 19. Photo by R.I. Barbosa
  • 20. Cox et al. 2004
  • 22. ADAPTED FROM HEGERL ET AL., NATURE (2006)
  • 23. Betts et al. 2004 Theoretical and Applied Climatology
  • 24. Huntingford et al. 2004 Theoretical and Applied Climatology
  • 25. Length of dry season Derived from the New et al 2001 dataset
  • 26. Impact of El Nino Malhi and Wright 2004 Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical forest regions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
  • 27. Seca de 2005 Photos Greenpeace
  • 28.  
  • 29.  
  • 30.  
  • 31.  
  • 32.  
  • 33.  
  • 34. Published by AAAS A. T. Evan et al., Science 324, 778 -781 (2009) Fig. 4 Map of linear trends in observed SST (A) and the residual SST (B)
  • 35. Published by AAAS A. T. Evan et al., Science 324, 778 -781 (2009) Fig. 2 Time series of mixed layer response to dust and stratospheric aerosol forcing (A) and observed SST anomalies (B)
  • 36. This is especially critical because studies have estimated a reduction in Atlantic dust cover of 40 to 60% under a doubled carbon dioxide climate ( 33 ), which, on the basis of model runs with an equivalent reduction of the mean dust forcing, could result in an additional 0.3° to 0.4°C warming of the northern tropical Atlantic. Evan et al. 2009, pp. 780-781 These calculations suggest that 69% of the recent upward trend in northern tropical Atlantic SST is due to changes in aerosols . 33= Mahowald, N. M., and C. Luo (2003), A less dusty future?, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30(17), 1903
  • 37. Fig. 1 (A and B) Satellite-derived standardized anomalies for dry-season rainfall for the two most extensive droughts of the 21st century in Amazonia. S L Lewis et al. Science 2011;331:554-554 Published by AAAS
  • 38. 10km Fotos: Richard Bierregaard
  • 39.  
  • 40. Damage and mortality of trees (%/yr) Nascimento and Laurance, 2004 Ecol. Appl.;
  • 41.  
  • 42. Painéis Suportes Calhas Drenos Redução de 50-60% da precipitação Experimentos de exclusão de chuvas – simulando el niños de longa duração – Projetos LBA/ESECAFLOR e LBA/SECA FLORESTA
  • 43. Foley et al. 2007 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
  • 44.  
  • 45.  
  • 46. IPCC, 2007 AR4 WG1 Ch. 10 p. 775
  • 47. Cox et al. 2004 Theoretical and Applied Climatology
  • 48.  
  • 49.  
  • 50.  
  • 51.  
  • 52. IPCC AR4 WG2 2007. SPM
  • 53. IPCC, 2007 (AR-4 WG1 SPM)
  • 54.  
  • 55. Folha de S. Paulo 10/11/09, p. A-4.
  • 56.  

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. (A and B) Satellite-derived standardized anomalies for dry-season rainfall for the two most extensive droughts of the 21st century in Amazonia. (C and D) The difference in the 12-month (October to September) MCWD from the decadal mean (excluding 2005 and 2010), a measure of drought intensity that correlates with tree mortality. (A) and (C) show the 2005 drought; (B) and (D) show the 2010 drought.
  2. Os painéis de 0,5x3,0 metros são colocados na estação chuvosa e retirados no período de estiagem para reduzir os impactos sobre o sub-bosque. A passagem de pessoas é limitada por passarelas de madeira colocadas sobre o solo, para evitar danos pelo transito.