Ian Philips is Principal Engineer at ARM Ltd of Cambridge, where his role is to nurture strategic technology and opportunities until their business value can be quantified.

1. Title: Technology Trends – Electronic Systems
 Abstract
 The practical application of a couple of centuries of scientific study has brought huge advances
to almost everything we value; but none more so than those touched by Electronic Systems
whose power to transform and animate is truly phenomenal. Surely with such powerful magic
at our fingertips anything is within our power: Mend climates, solve energy problems and cure
society's ills?! Alas; our tricks are not magic, but the results of painstaking global endeavour, of
immense scale, detail and precision. And whilst these technologies are evolving at a prodigious
rate; they are only capable of achieving so-much at any given time.
... The consumer’s insatiable appetite spurs us endlessly on.
Perceive the reality of Electronic Systems and we can capitalising the many and varied, business
and economic opportunities they present ... as they deliver our 21st century.
 Context
 Technology at Work 2013 (TAW2013). Waterfront Hall, Belfast. 19feb13
 Keynote: 14:30-15:30 (45min, 15min Q&A)
 Audience: About 200. Mixed academic and industrial experts; large and small companies;
politicians and other.
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2. 1v0
Prof. Ian Phillips
Principal Staff Eng’r,
ARM Ltd
ian.phillips@arm.com
Visiting Prof. at ...
Contribution to Industry
Award 2008
Technology at Work 2013
Waterfront Hall, Belfast
19feb13
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3. Electronic Systems are Everywhere ...
 Entertainment, Amusement, Social ...
 Important but not Vital
 Very Personal; so greatly valued
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4. Electronic Systems are Everywhere ...
 Security, Transport, Logistics, Financial, Energy, Trade,
Communications, Health, Environment, Business ...
 Vital: Personally, Environmentally and Economically
 Largely Invisible; so are seldom personally valued!
4

5. Electronic Systems Will Define Our Future
 We and our Economies, will Depend On Them 100%...
 Time to Understand - where they come from!
 Time to Understand - our Businesses Involved in them!
Source: Adapted from Morgan Stanley, Nov 2009
 Time to Minimise - our Vulnerability to Globalisation!
5

6. The Science That Lets Us to Do ...
 Electronics is the pinnacle of
mankind’s ingenuity in the
manipulation of matter ...
 Enables us all to do such
wonderful things!
 Dependent on Mathematics,
Physics and Chemistry
 The measure of what humans
can achieve by reusing the
ingenuity of our predecessors ...
“Standing on the shoulders of
giants” (Isaac Newton)
 Though it is very-very clever ...
 It is not Magic!
 It is not nearly as Magical as the
Nature that surrounds us! “Any sufficiently advanced technology is
indistinguishable from Magic!” (A.C.Clarke)
6

7. What Engineers Do ...
1
... Beyond most people’s
7 1: http://www.engineeringuk.com/

8. The Pre-Engineered World (2,500 BC - 800 AD.)
 World Stats ...
 Population ~100K ->1M
 Growth rate ~0.1%pa
 Life expectancy 30-40yr
... Mission: Survive and Grow
 Technology ...
 Low dry-stone walls
 Wooden poles and sticks
 Thatch, turf, plants, mud and hide
 Timber split using wedges
 Sharp stones for cutting
... 3,500yrs of: “If it was good enough for my father’s,
father’s, father’s, ... father; its good enough for me!
8

9. Chronology of Science / Engineering Universe – 13.6Byr
Earth – 4.5Byr
 Cro-Magnon Man (Us!) – 35,000 yr ago
 ‘Developed’ out of Homo-Sapien (Wise Human) >100,000 yr
 Mission: Survive Nature (1,000 generations)
 The Philosophers – 2,500-1,000 yr ago
 Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Archimedes, ...
 Mission: Understanding Nature
 The Scientists – 1,000-500 yrs ago
 Galileo, Descartes, (1000 ad)
 Electricity - William Gilbert (1600ad)
 Mission: Manipulation of Nature
 The Engineers – 260 yrs ago
 Industrial Revolution (1750: 8 gen’n)
 Mission: Exploitation of Nature
 Year 0: Science Meets Exploitation
... Economic (and Population) Explosion
Thomas Telford’s Iron Bridge (1778), Ironbridge, UK
9

10. The Industrial Revolution (1750)
 Exploitation of Nature
 Unleashing the Power of Science, by delivering it in ways that satisfied a
Volume Need ... We now call this Business.
 Emergence of the Consumer and personal Money
 It began in the United Kingdom, then spread throughout Europe, North
America, and eventually the world.
 Major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and
technology
 Mechanisation of the textile industries,
 Development of iron-making techniques
 Transportation expansion through canals, improved roads and railways.[5]
 Steam power, water wheels and powered machinery
 Profound effect on socio-economic and cultural conditions
... For the first time in human history (35kyr), the living standards of
the masses of ordinary people underwent sustained growth
10

11. Exploitation of the Atom
 Electronic Technology is ...
...The Most Exciting thing mankind has Ever created!
Early Electronics The First Transistor (1947) Integrated Transistor
~70 yrs
... And it has all happened within the span of one life-time!
11

12. Moore’s Law ... Gordon Moore. Founder of Intel. (1965)
10nm
X
Approximate Process Geometry
100nm
1um
Transistors/Chip (M)
Transistor/PM (K)
10um
100um
ITRS’99
... x More Functionality on a Si Chip in 20 yrs!
12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law

13. The Transistor Today...
Modelled ‘views’ of a 30 x 30 nm transistor
Asen Assenov
a.asenov@elec.gla.ac.uk
Atoms!
 3,000 transistors sit side-by-side
in the thickness of a bank-note!
 A Few Hundred Billion on a chip!
1Mbyte  2x that in 18 months time !!!
13

14. The Steel-Bound Obsidian iCon ...
14

15. ... Cool Design at Many Levels ...
15

16. There is an Inside!
Down 1-Level: Modules
iPhone 4's vibrator motor. rear-facing 5 MP camera with
720p video at 30 FPS, tap to
focus feature, and LED flash.
... Stuff that doesn’t grow on trees! (ie: It also has to be Created)
16 http://www.ifixit.com

17. Inside the Modules...
Down 1-Level:
Modules
The Control Board.
17 http://www.ifixit.com

18. Inside The Control Board (a-side)
Down 2-Levels: Sub-Assemblies
 Visible Design-Team Members ...
 Samsung (flash memory) - (ARM Partner)
 Cirrus Logic (audio codec) - (ARM Partner)
 AKM (Magnetic Sensor)
 Texas Instruments (Touch Screen Controller and mobile DDR) - (ARM Partner)
 Invisible Design-Team Members ...
 Software Tools, OS & Drivers, GSM Security; Graphics, Video and Sound ...
 Manufacturing, Assembly, Test, Certification ...
18 http://www.ifixit.com

19. Inside The Control Board (b-side)
Down 2-Levels: Sub-Assemblies
 Visible Design-Team Members...
 A4 Processor, specified by Apple, designed and manufactured by Samsung ...
 The central unit that provides the iPhone 4 with its GP computing power.
 Reported to contain ARM A8 600 MHz CPU (other ARM CPUs and IP)
 ST-Micro (3 axis gyroscope) - (ARM Partner)
 Broadcom (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS) - (ARM Partner)
 Skyworks (GSM)
 Triquint (GSM PA)
 Infineon (GSM Transceiver) - (ARM Partner)
GPS
Bluetooth,
EDR &FM
19 http://www.ifixit.com

20. The A4 SIP Package (Cross-section)
Memory
‘Package’
2 Memory Dies
Glue Processor SOC Die
4-Layer Platform
Package’
Down 3-Levels: IC Packaging
 The processor is the centre rectangle. The silver circles beneath it are solder balls.
 Two rectangles above are RAM die, offset to make room for the wirebonds.
 Putting the RAM close to the processor reduces latency, making RAM faster and cuts power.
 Unknown Mfr (Memory)
 Samsung (Processor)
 Unknown (System-In-Package Technology)
20 http://www.ifixit.com

21. nVidea Tegra 3 Processor (Around 1B transistors)
21

22. Businesses in Apple’s Global Life-Cycle ...
 Apple identifies...
 159 Tier-1 Suppliers ...
 Thousands of Design Engineers
 10’s of thousands of Engineers
... Globally
 Hundreds more Tier-2/3 Not Listed
 Including ARM
... The Child of a Global Network of
Technology and Know-How Businesses
22 http://www.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/

23. Making Money out of Tech. Knowledge
 21c Businesses are (better be)
 Selling ‘Stuff’ that People want; at a Price they can Afford
 With Business Models that are (sufficiently) Cash +ve
 Business needs
 End-Customers buy Functionality, not Technology
 Commoditisation is undesirable (to business)
 New Products are
 Design is a Cost/Risk to be Minimised
 (New) Technology ...
 Enables Product Options (Not all are good)
 Can Increases Cost/Risk, more than the Return!

 Competition, Suppliers and Investors are global
 But so are the Opportunities ...
... You must embrace your Opportunities to be successful!
23

24. Doing Business In The Life-Cycle
Company A, Product-X De-
Design Integrate Qualify Reproduce Install Maintain Upgrade
Commission
Design Tools Tools Equipment Big Finance Equipment Equipment Equipment Equipment
Training Technologies Know-How Equipment Know-How Know-How Know-How Know-How
Education Prototypes Standards Know-How Standards Supply Supply Standards
ICT FABs Procedures Components Methods Logistics Logistics Logistics
Conferences Components ICT Out-Sourcing Supply Training Training Training
Patents Know-How Methods JIT Logistics
Know-How Methods Training Factory Auto’n Training
Tool-Libraries Methods
Models
Software
TQM
Training
Companies B & C Provide Their Valued Product(s)
Research to Other Customers As Well (Efficiency of Reuse)...
Methods
Company-B, Product-J,K,L De-
Design Integrate Qualify Reproduce Install Maintain Upgrade
Commission
... Enabled By Globalisation: ICT, WTO, English
Language, Containers and Int’l Contract Law
Company-C, Product-M,N,O De-
Design Integrate Qualify Reproduce Install Maintain Upgrade
Commission
... IS servicing a Valued-Niche in many Global Life-Cycles
24

25. The Internet of Things (IoT)...
Communicating Electronic Systems
-
Everything Aware
of Everything Else
-
Everything Aware
of Context
25 http://www.beechamresearch.com/

26. ... Layers of Invisible ‘Techy Stuff’!
Trillions
Billions
Millions
Thousands
26 http://www.beechamresearch.com/

27. So What Does ARM Do?
ARM designs “processor technology” that lies at
the heart
of advanced consumer products
27 http://www.arm.com/

28. ARM – Architecture for the Digital World
150+
billion
chips cumulative
in 2020
40+
billion
chips to date
1998 2012 2020
28 http://www.arm.com/

29. The ARM RISC-Processor Core
ADDR[31:0]
Address
Incrementer Scan
Debug
Address Register Incrementer Control
P CFGBIGEND
C CLK
CLKEN
PC Update WRITE
Register Bank Instruction SIZE[1:0]
Decoder
Decode
Stage nIRQ
nFIQ
A A B Instruction nRESET
Multiplier B Decompression and ABORT
L B
U u u TRANS
B s s
PROT
u Barrel Control LOCK
s Shifter Logic
CPnOPC
CPnCPI
Write Data Read Data CPA
32 Bit ALU CPB
Register Register
WDATA[31:0] RDATA[31:0]
29 http://www.arm.com/

30. The ‘Lego-Brick’ Chip-Design Concept
nVidea Tegra3
ARM
ARM
ARM ARM
ARM ARM
30

31. More and More Complex System Chips
Today, users require a pocket ‘Super-Computer’ ...
 Silicon Technology Provides a few-Billion transistors ...
 ARM’s Technology makes it Practical to utilise them ...
• 10 Processors
• 4 x A9 Processors (2x2):
• 4 x MALI 400 Fragment Proc:
• 1 x MALI 400 Vertex Proc.
• 1 x MALI Video CoDec
• Software Stacks, OS’s and Design
Tools/
• ARM Technology gives
chip/system designers ...
• Improved Productivity
• Improved TTM
• Improved Quality/Certainty
31 http://www.arm.com/

32. The Chip is the Core of the System
 ARM Technology drives efficient
Electronic System solutions:
 Software increasing system efficiency
with optimized software solutions
 Diverse components, including CPU
and GPU processors designed for
specific tasks
 Interconnect System IP delivering
coherency and the quality of service
required for lowest memory bandwidth
 Physical IP for a highly optimized
processor implementation
 Backed by >900 Global Partners ...
 >800 Licences
 Millions of Developers
32 http://www.arm.com/

33. The World’s Favourite IP Provider
 1990 - "A barn in Cambridge"
 12 engineers, in Cambridge
 No Revenue, No Patents
 Cash from Apple & VLSI
 Spin-out of Acorn UK ...
 BBC Computers in Schools (1981)
 Roots in Uo.Cambridge (c1975)
... A Dream to become the Global
Standard for Embedded CPUs
 2013 - "The worlds leading IP Product"
 Powering >90% of the Smart Electronic Systems in the world
 75% of all the devices connected to the Internet
 8.7B CPUs shipped (2012): +20%pa, 40B total (>50x all PCs!)
 FTSE 100 (MarCap £12.8B): Revenue ~£580M, PBT ~47%, R&D ~30% (2012)
 Cambridge HQ: 25 offices/labs and 2,400 people ww (990 in the UK)
 >95% revenue is foreign earnings
33 http://www.arm.com/

34. Societies Challenges in the 21c
 Urbanisation (Smart Cities)  Food/Water
 Health (eHealth)  Ageing Society
 Transport  Sustainability
 Energy (Smart Grid)  Digital Inclusion
 Security  Economics
 Environment
 Electronic Systems will not ‘fix’ any
of these Challenges in themselves, but
their Technology will Enable all of them!
... Electronic Systems Technologies are
Key Enabling Technologies (KETs)
34

35. Expectations of Tomorrow’s Consumer
Natural, Intuitive User
Interfaces Continuous Connectivity
Ultra High Resolutions
Displays Infinite Battery Life
“Always On, Always Connected”
35

36. Conclusions: Electronic Systems
 Permeate our lives today ...
 Visibly and Invisibly, they have enabled the improved services and exciting
new products in our lives! (IT and ICT are included in this)
 They are the Children of a Globalised Creative Industry
... And make a significant Direct and Indirect contribution to the UK Economy
 Further miniaturisation will take them to Ubiquity...
 They will keep us Amused, Entertained, Healthy, Fed and Warm
 They will enable us to do Business, and control Finance
 They will be central to future plans for Climate, Transportation, Energy,
Health, Security and Urbanisation
 We and the Economy, will willingly become totally dependent on them
... They will be become Un-Noticed and could become Un-Valued!
 Have barely scratched the surface of their Potential ...
 The UK has a thriving, but largely invisible, ES Business Community 1
... Value and Nurture them; ES is an excellent business opportunity!
36 1: http://www.esco-report.com

37. Prof. Ian Phillips
Principal Staff Eng’r,
ARM Ltd
ian.phillips@arm.com
Visiting Prof. at ...
http://www.arm.com/
Thank You
Contribution to Industry
Award 2008
For
Listening
Presentation available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/IanPhillips1/presentations
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