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Emission Pathways and System Transitions Consistent with 1.5°C Global Warming
- 1. Emission Pathways and System Transitions Consistent with 1.5°C Global Warming 8 Diana Urge-Vorsatz Vice Chair, WGIII Professor, Central European University
- 2. Emission pathways - definition • The modelled trajectories of global anthropogenic emissions over the 21st century are termed emission pathways. • Emission pathways are classified by their temperature trajectory over the 21st century: • pathways giving at least 50% probability based on current knowledge of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C are classified as ‘no overshoot’; • those limiting warming to below 1.6°C and returning to 1.5°C by 2100 are classified as ‘1.5°C limited-overshoot’; • while those exceeding 1.6°C but still returning to 1.5°C by 2100 are classified as ‘higher-overshoot’.
- 3. Cumulative emissions of CO2 and future non-CO2 radiative forcing determine the probability of limiting warming to 1.5°CSPM1| Faster immediate CO2 emission reductions limit cumulative CO2 emissions Maximum temperature rise is determined by cumulative net CO2 emissions and net non-CO2 radiative forcing due to methane, nitrous oxide, aerosols and other anthropogenic forcing agents.
- 4. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 5. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 6. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 7. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 8. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 9. SPM3a|Global emissions pathway characteristics
- 10. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 11. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 12. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 13. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 14. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 15. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 16. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways Temperature and emissions Energy systems Carbon dioxide removal Agriculture
- 17. SPM3b|Characteristics of four illustrative model pathways
- 18. What can we learn from the pathways? • Capping warming at 1.5C is technologically feasible • There are still choices in the pathways how we can get there • However, each pathway involves virtually all options (except BECCS or CCS), the difference is only in the emphasis on different options • All pathways peak global emissions in the next few years, and radically reduce emissions afterwards • The pathways have markedly different implications on sustainable development
- 19. Greenhouse gas emissions pathways • To limit warming to 1.5°C, CO2 emissions fall by about 45% by 2030 (from 2010 levels) • To limit warming to 1.5°C, CO2 emissions would need to reach ‘net zero’ around 2050 • Reducing non-CO2 emissions would have direct and immediate health benefits Compared to 20% for 2°C Compared to around 2075 for 2°C 9 Gerhard Zwerger-Schoner / Aurora Photos
- 20. Greenhouse gas emissions pathways • Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require changes on an unprecedented scale Deep emissions cuts in all sectors A range of technologies Behavioural changes Increased investment in low carbon options 10 Peter Essick / Aurora Photos
- 21. Greenhouse gas emissions pathways • Progress in renewables would need to be mirrored in other sectors • We would need to start taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere • Implications for food security, ecosystems and biodiversity 10 Peter Essick / Aurora Photos
- 22. Greenhouse gas emissions pathways • National pledges are not enough to limit warming to 1.5°C • Avoiding warming of more than 1.5°C would require CO2 emissions to decline substantially before 2030 10 Peter Essick / Aurora Photos
- 23. Thank you for your attention Vorsatzd@ceu.edu
- 24. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 25. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 26. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 27. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 28. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 29. SPM4|Indicative linkages between mitigation and sustainable development using SDGs (the linkages do not show costs and benefit)
- 30. SPM2| Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high Level of additional impact/risk due to climate change How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems
- 31. SPM2| Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems
- 32. SPM2| How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high
Notes de l'éditeur
- This figure uses stylized emission and forcing pathways to show key factors affecting the prospects of temperatures remaining below 1.5°C. Panel b) CO2 emissions decline from 2020 to reach net zero in 2055 (grey) or 2040 (blue). Faster immediate CO2 reductions limit cumulative CO2 emissions shown in (c) Panel c) Cumulative CO2 emissions in pathways reaching net zero in 2055 (grey) and 2040 (blue) Panel d): Non-CO2 radiative forcing reduced after 2030 (grey) or not reduced after 2030 (purple)
- General characteristics of the evolution of anthropogenic net emissions of CO2, and total emissions of methane, black carbon, and nitrous oxide in model pathways that limit global warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot. Net emissions are defined as anthropogenic emissions reduced by anthropogenic removals. Reductions in net emissions can be achieved through different portfolios of mitigation measures illustrated in Figure SPM3B.
- Pathways limiting global warming to 1.5C with no or limited overshoot (blue).
- Pathways limiting global warming to 1.5C with a high overshoot (grey).
- In pathways limiting global warming to 1.5C with no or limited overshoot as well as in pathways (blue) with a high overshoot (grey). CO2 emissions are reduced to net zero globally around 2050.
- Emissions of non-CO2 forcers are also reduced or limited in pathways limiting global warming to 1.5C with no or limited overshoot, but they do not reach zero globally.
- Four illustrative model pathways : P1, P2, P3 (blue lines) and P4 (grey lines)
- Different mitigation strategies can achieve the net emissions reductions that would be required to follow a pathway that limit global warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot. All pathways use Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR), but the amount varies across pathways, as do the relative contributions of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and removals in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector. This has implications for the emissions and several other pathway characteristics
- P4: A resource and energy-intensive scenario in which economic growth and globalization lead to widespread adoption of greenhouse-gas intensive lifestyles, including high demand for transportation fuels and livestock products. Emissions reductions are mainly achieved through technological means, making strong use of CDR through the deployment of BECCS.
- P2: A scenario with a broad focus on sustainability including energy intensity, human development, economic convergence and international cooperation, as well as shifts towards sustainable and healthy consumption patterns, low-carbon technology innovation, and well-managed land systems with limited societal acceptability for BECCS
- P3: A middle-of-the-road scenario in which societal as well as technological development follows historical patterns. Emissions reductions are mainly achieved by changing the way in which energy and products are produced, and to a lesser degree by reductions in demand.
- P1: A scenario in which social, business, and technological innovations result in lower energy demand up to 2050 while living standards rise, especially in the global South. A down-sized energy system enables rapid decarbonisation of energy supply. Afforestation is the only CDR option considered; neither fossil fuels with CCS nor BECCS are used.
- Indicators have been selected to show global trends identified by the Chapter 2 assessment. National and sectoral characteristics can differ substantially from the global trends shown above. * Kyoto-gas emissions are based on SAR GWP-100 ** Changes in energy demand are associated with improvements in energy efficiency and behaviour change
- Indicators have been selected to show global trends identified by the Chapter 2 assessment. National and sectoral characteristics can differ substantially from the global trends shown above. * Kyoto-gas emissions are based on SAR GWP-100 ** Changes in energy demand are associated with improvements in energy efficiency and behaviour change
- Mitigation options deployed in each sector can be associated with potential positive effects (synergies) or negative effects (trade-offs) with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The degree to which this potential is realized will depend on the selected portfolio of mitigation options, mitigation policy design, and local circumstances and context. The bars group individually assessed options by level of confidence and take into account the relative strength of the assessed mitigation-SDG connections.
- Particularly in the energy-demand sector, the potential for synergies is larger than for trade-offs.
- Five Reasons For Concern (RFCs) illustrate the impacts and risks of different levels of global warming for people, economies and ecosystems across sectors and regions
- Five Reasons For Concern (RFCs) illustrate the impacts and risks of different levels of global warming for people, economies and ecosystems across sectors and regions