There are two main types of seed plants - gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms reproduce using cones instead of flowers and include cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and gnetophytes. Angiosperms are the largest group of plants and reproduce using flowers containing sepals, petals, stamens, and a pistil. Pollination occurs when pollen from the stamen sticks to the stigma on the pistil, and fertilization happens when the pollen joins with an ovule in the ovary. Seeds then develop inside the ovary and are dispersed in different ways depending on the plant.

1. 2 Types of Seed Plants
• Angiosperms
• Gymnosperms

2. Gymnosperms
• Have cones for reproduction instead
of flowers
• 4 Types
– Cycad
– Ginkgo
– Conifer
– Gnetophyte

3. Gymnosperms
• Cycads: look like
ferns except they
have seeds
• Ginkgo: very large
trees found mainly
in China

4. Gymnosperms
• Conifers: seeds
are in cones or
berrylike
structures
• Gnetophytes:
shrubs and climbing
vines

5. Angiosperms
• Largest group of plant in the world
• Found in all types of climates
• Produce flowers for reproduction

6. Angiosperms
• Parts of the flower:
– Sepals
– Petals
– Stamen
– Pistil

7. Sepals
• The sepals protect
the flower before
it opens.
sepal

8. Petals
• The petals
attract
pollinating
insects with
their bright
color and
attractive
scent.

9. Male Parts
• The stamens are
the male
structures of
the flower.
• Made up of two
parts:
– Anther
– Filament

10. Male Parts
• Anther: top part
of the stamen,
that makes
pollen.
• Filament: this is
the stalk of the
Anther

11. Female Parts
• Pistil is the
female structure
of flower that
has 3 parts:
– Stigma
– Style
– Ovary

12. Female Parts
• Stigma:
– The pollen from
another flower
collects on the
stigma’s sticky
surface.
• Style:
– raises the stigma
away from the
Ovary
stigma

13. Female Parts
• Ovary protects the
ovules(egg).
• Once fertilization
has taken place it
will become the
fruit.

14. Write the correct words in the boxes:
stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals
these attract
insects
4
where the
pollen is
made
pollen
sticks to
this 5
2
where the
seeds grow
1
These protect
the flower
before it opens 3
Write the correct words in the boxes:
stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals

15. PLANT REPRODUCTION

16. Plants Reproductive Structures
• Cones: Gymnosperms
– Female cones contain the ovules which
contains the egg cell
– Male cones contain pollen which are like
sperm cells
• Flowers: Angiosperms
– Pistil: female part of flower
– Stamen: Male part of flower

17. Pollination
• Insects visit
flowers to search
for nectar –
their food.
• But the flowers use
the insects for
their own purposes!

18. • As the insect probes
for nectar, its body
rubs against the
stamens.
• Pollen gets stuck on
the insect’s legs.
• You can often see bees
with a heavy load of
yellow pollen on their
hind legs.

19. Pollination
When the insect
visits another
flower of the same
type, the pollen will
stick to the pistal.
This is called
pollination.

20. Fertilization
The pollen travels
to the ovary, where
it joins with an
ovule.
This is called
fertilization.

21. Seeds
• Seeds: the
fertilized egg
• Seed Structure:
consists of a seed
coat, a young plant,
and stored food

22. Types of Seeds

23. Types of Seeds

24. Seeds
• The seeds develop
inside the ovary,
which grows to
become the seed
pod or fruit.

25. Seed Dispersal
• The seeds are
dispersed; some by
animals, some by
the wind, some by
explosion and some
by water.