This presentation uses the spatial analysis completed over the past year on 20 villages in Andhra Paradesh to demonstrate the effectiveness of mapping as a way of analysing and understanding factors that influence life-cycle costs and WASH service levels.

1. The Power of Maps Using spatial analysis to investigate variations in life-cycle costs and WASH service levels James Batchelor

10. Percentage of Households using toilets OC 80 BC 40 SC 14

11. Average household land ownership (acres) Caste Caste Area OC 3.4 2.7 BC 0.6 0.6 SC 0.2 0.2 All 1.0

19. Percentage of Poor Households Caste Caste Area OC 17.7 15.9 BC 14.8 15.1 SC 13.9 14.2 All 15.1

30. Whilst there is no doubt that mapping and spatial analysis can and will play an increasingly important role in many aspects of WASH services delivery (e.g. in technical and hydraulic design; planning; input tracking; social auditing understanding power relations within villages etc), it is important to recognise that: “ Maps are neither mirrors of nature nor neutral transmitters of universal truths. They are narratives with a purpose, stories with an agenda. They contain silences as well as articulations, secrets as well as knowledge, lies as well as truth. They are biased, partial, and selective.” Concluding remark Reference: John Rennie Short, The World Through Maps: A History of Cartography (Toronto: Firefly Books, 2003), p. 24

31. Thank You