1. The document summarizes the early cultures that influenced Indonesia, including the Bacson Hoabinh tools from 600 BC, Dongson bronze culture from Vietnam, and India's cultural impacts starting around 1-5 AD. 2. Dongson culture brought bronze tools to Southeast Asia and is seen in the similarities between artifacts found in Vietnam and Indonesia, like nekara drums. 3. India's culture and religions like Hinduism and Buddhism spread through Indonesia starting around 1-5 AD, as shown through kingdom systems, language, art, and religious artifacts found throughout the archipelago.

2. People of Bacson Hoabinh started to invent axe-like rocks (lonjong, segi empat, segi tiga, berpinggang) used for cutting (600 BC)

3. Kapak genggam/pebble/Sumatralith: found in Sumatra. The formation is nearly perfect, with soft structure. Disintegrated river rocks are used to create pebbles.

4. Kapak dari tulang dan tanduk: the geared edge of a spear-like knife is used to dig eatable foods under the ground or to catch fishes. These tools are found mostly in Nganding and Sidorejo close to Ngawi, Madiun (East Java).

5. Flakes: Some flakes were made using fine rocks like Calsedon. The functions of flakes are to take animal’s skins off, slice the animals’ meats or to cut off harvested plants (like umbi-umbian). Flakes were found in Sangiran and also other regions like Pacitan, Gombong, Parigi, Jampang Kulon, Ngandong (Java), Lahat (Sumatera), Batturing (Sumbawa), Cabbenge (Sulawesi), Wangka, Soa, Mangeruda (Flores).

6. Kapak Sumatra and Kapak pendek Tonkin, Indochina

8. Kapak corong

9. Ujung tombak

10. Sabit bercorong

11. Ujung tombak bercorong

12. Mata panah

13. In Indonesia, nekara/drum/gong was found in Selayar, South Sulawesi and Pejeng in Bali. Nekara was used in a ritual ceremony. A smaller nekara called Moko was found in Pulau Alor.

14. Approximately, 56 nekara were found throughout Indonesia (Mostly found in Sumatra, Java and South Maluku)

15. There were also statues, households, farming tools and jewelries found

16. This Dongson culture can be seen from the similarities between Dongson products and bronze tools that were found in Indonesia. Example: Nekara Tipe Heger I with the oldest Nekara found in Vietnam

17. The Austronesian brought in Dongsong culture through the West (Semenanjung Malaya)

18. Indonesian culture was classified into:

19. Kebudayaan Melayu Tua (Proto Melayu) in Primitive Dayak

21. India’s culture soon affected the living style of Indonesian people, shown in the distributions of Hinduism and Buddhism kingdoms (Kutai, Tarumanagara, etc) and religions.

22. These are some cultures that were influenced by India:

23. The distributions of Hinduism and Buddhism religions throughout Indonesia

24. Kingdom system of ruling

25. Sansekerta language and Pallawa letters

26. Art carving, sculpting, writing

27. Some evidence of India’s influence to Indonesian culture:

28. A Buddha statue made of bronze found in south Sulawesi, east Java and South Sumatra

29. A Buddha statue found in Kutai