Knowledge Technologies group at Cefriel

Knowledge Technologies group
Human Computation and Semantic Interoperability
Irene Celino
irene.celino@cefriel.com

SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
Improve data value chain…
• …with knowledge representation  Knowledge Graphs
• Data profiling and sharing
• Data search/discovery
• Added-value services
• …with data interoperability  Knowledge Fusion
• Ontological modelling
• Data standardization
• Data conversion
HUMAN COMPUTATION
Improve data value chain…
• …with user engagement  Smart Users
• Incentive design (e.g., gamification)
• Intuitive interaction (e.g., conversational interfaces)
• Awareness creation - behavioural change
• …with human-in-the-loop  Smart Data
• Data collection (“human as a sensor”)
• Data quality assessment
• Hybrid human-machine systems (e.g., active learning)
• Explainability
KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
2copyright © 2019 Cefriel – All rights reserved

from ideation to business value
3
Semantic Interoperability
copyright © 2019 Cefriel – All rights reserved

© copyright 2019 Cefriel – All rights reserved
CHALLENGES
• Sharing and reuse of digital
assets through digital
platforms
• Seamless semantic data
aggregation, transformation
and fusion
• Effective governance of
digital ecosystems
Cefriel has successfully designed, implemented, and tested solutions based
on Semantic Web technologies fostering the sharing, reusability and
integration of digital assets
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
APPLICATION DOMAINS
• Multimodal Transport
• Smart Cities
• Industrial Data Spaces
PROJECTS

SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY: OUR OFFER
Conceptualization
• Acquire knowledge of the
domain
• Acquire knowledge of
data formats/standards
• Define the reference
ontology
Sharing
• Define asset types
• Define asset descriptors
• Create/Customize the
digital platform
Governance
• Identify actors, roles and
associated tasks
• Define of the lifecycle of
each asset type
• Define processes to
automate the lifecycle
management
Conversion
• Define models and rules
to enable the conversion
process

SOLUTION: SEMANTIC CATALOGUE OF DISTRIBUTED DIGITAL ASSETS
Research Questions:
• How to improve data sharing and reusability through the definition of semantic repositories/catalogues?
• [Transport] How to facilitate the realization of Single/National Access Points to datasets using semantic technologies?
• Potential usages:
• Digital Ecosystems / Data Marketplaces
• National Access Points for transportation
• Features:
• Metadata management (asset description)
• Process-based asset lifecycle management
• Value-added services (e.g., semantic search of
assets)

SOLUTION: SEMANTIC DATA CONVERTERS
Research Questions:
• How to support semantic data interoperability?
• How to develop ontology-based transformation between heterogeneous data formats (e.g., different standards)?
• Features:
• Translation between legacy standards based on
semantic models and rules
• High reusability w.r.t. custom solutions
• The complexity of the conversion process and of the
target standards is hidden
• Potential application domains:
• Transportation
• Public Administration
• E-health
• Industry 4.0

Publications
• Irene Celino and Alessio Carenini: "Towards a Semantic City Service Ecosystem", in: Proceedings of the 5th
Workshop on Semantics for Smarter Cities, co-located with the 13th International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC 2014), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 1280, pp. 3-8, 2014.
TIMING
2015/05-2018/04
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Enhance the rail-traveller
experience with solutions to
support anytime, anywhere door-
to-door co-modal journeys
encompassing distinct modes of
transportation
MAIN PARTNERS
Thales, Indra, Trenitalia, Hacon,
UITP, UNIFE, Leonardo
FUNDING AGENCY
Cefriel role in the project
• Semantic Interoperability for multi-modal transport services
Results
• Reference architecture for an Interoperability
Framework (IF) for multimodal services
• Reference ontological model of the
transportation domain knowledge
• Reference implementation of core software
components of the IF:
• Semantic Assets Manager: shared
repository and lifecycle management of
assets
• Semantic Discovery Engine: support to
discover and select assets through
semantic queries

Publications
• A. Carenini, S. Gogos, M. M. Pourhashem Kallehbasti, M. Rossi, R. Santoro: “ST4RT – Semantic
Transformations for Rail Transportation”, in Proceedings of 7th Transport Research Arena (TRA), 2018
TIMING
2016/11-2018/10
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Ontology-based transformations
between different standards and
protocols, resulting in enhanced
semantic interoperability between
disparate, heterogeneous legacy
systems
MAIN PARTNERS
PoliMi, Trenitalia, UITP, UNIFE,
UIC, Oltis, HitRail, RINA
FUNDING AGENCY
• Ontology Annotation, Transformation and Mapping
• Ontological annotation, transformation and mapping between legacy
transportation (syntactical) standards
Results
• Definition of a generic
approach for multi-lateral
interoperability through
semantic lifting and
lowering transformations
• Reference implementation
of ontological conversion
services for interoperability
between two transportation
standards

TIMING
2016/11-2018/10
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Definition of a sustainable
governance for the Interoperability
Framework (IF) to introduce
seamless mobility services and
foster the development of multi-
modal travel services
MAIN PARTNERS
PoliMi, Trenitalia, UITP, UNIFE,
UIC, Oltis, UPM, RINA
FUNDING AGENCY
• Governance of Semantic Interoperability in the Transport domain
Results
• Analysis of the technology market in
the field of semantic interoperability
solutions, in order to understand the
feasibility of a large-scale adoption of
such solutions within the transport
domain
• Design of an efficient governance and
management structure for the IF
technology promoting its adoption and
sustainability through leveraging
contributing regulation, exploiting
market forces, and providing adequate
complementary specialised measures
to compensate for market failures
Publications
• A. Carenini, I. Celino, M. Comerio, M. M. Pourhashem Kallehbasti, M. Rossi, L. Tanca: “Interoperability and
Governance of IT Solutions for Attractive Railway and Multimodal Transport Services: the point of view of EU
Research”, in UITP Global Public Transport Summit, Montreal, 2017

TIMING
2018/12-2020/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Enable and facilitate flagship
demonstrations in real contexts of
the added value created by the
new Shift2Rail IP4 ecosystem
MAIN PARTNERS
UITP, Oltis, UniLeeds, AETHON,
Transport operators of Lisbon,
Malaga, CZ, AU and DE.
FUNDING AGENCY
Cefriel role and responsibilities in the project:
• WP2 “Scenarios and Use –Cases” leader
• analyse the environment (i.e., involved operators, available legacy systems
functionalities and data sets) of each demonstration site.
• define a detailed scenario for each demonstration site by means of storyboards
composed of travellers’ experiences encountered along a multimodal journey.
• break down a set of traveller’s experience in detailed use-cases representing the
sequential interaction of the traveller with Travel Service Providers (TSP)
services/systems integrated into the IP4 ecosystem.
• Responsible of the Lisbon demonstration.
Expected Results:
• Collaboration with IP4 projects to support the execution of three demonstrations
(Lisbon, Malaga and Central-East Corridor)
• Increase Cefriel visibility in Shift2Rail IP4 and establish new collaborations with
European Transport authorities and operators.
www.shift2maas.eu

TIMING
2018/12-2020/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Improve the Interoperability
Framework (IF) performance and
scalability. Simplify/automate all
the steps needed to integrate new
services in the Shift2rail
ecosystem.
MAIN PARTNERS
UITP, UNIFE, Trenitalia, PoliMi,
Oltis, UPM
FUNDING AGENCY
Cefriel role and responsibilities in the project
• Technical coordinator of the project.
• Clarify the high-level vision of the Interoperability Framework, in terms of
architecture, components and deployment/scalability options.
• Mature the Asset Manager component (catalogue/registry of assets with their
semantic description and lifecycle management)
• Develop an end-to-end Converter component to translate between different data
standards with an ontology-mediated approach
• Contribute to the definition of a global reference ontology for transport
Expected Results:
• Improved and stable version of the Asset Manager and the Converter
components
• Testing and evaluation of the overall architecture
www.sprint-transport.eu

TIMING
2019/01-2019/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Launch of a new product/service
to the main target markets in
Europe that enables the
conversion of transportation data
into EU-mandated standards.
PARTNERS
Engineering, UPM, Università di
Genova
FUNDING AGENCY
Cefriel role and responsibilities in the project:
• Business Champion and Activity Leader
• Perform the market survey
• Requirements collection from the involved customers (SEA Aeroporti, Consorzio del
Trasporto Pubblico di Madrid, Autorità del Porto di Genova)
• Marketing and sales of the solution
• Technology provider for semantic interoperability solutions
• Collaborate with UPM and Engineering for the design and development of the SNAP
solution: a transportation data converter developed using semantic technologies
Expected Results:
• Contributions to the definition of the Transmodel ontology
• Market analysis and definition of the SNAP value proposition
• Design and development of the SNAP solution
• Marketing and engagement of the targeted audience
• Launch of the SNAP solution to the main target markets in Europe
www.snap-project.eu

from ideation to business value
14
Human Computation

Active involvement of human-in-the-loop
into data and knowledge organization/refinement processes
Cefriel has successfully designed, implemented, deployed and
evaluated a set of playful applications – both Web-based and
mobile apps – to engage target user groups in the collection,
update, ranking, validation of data and information
OUR SOLUTIONS
• Awareness creation,
participation, social innovation
• Playful incentives and
conversational tools for people
engagement
• Human contribution
aggregation and analysis
• Contribution and participation
analysis, user modelling
• Human-in-the-loop for
improved machine learning
workflow
CHALLENGES
• Engage human
contributors in
knowledge
processing
workflows
• Exploit playful
incentives to collect
data from users
• Improve data
processing by
combining human
and machine
intelligence
HUMAN COMPUTATION
• Crowdsourcing
• Citizen Science
• Social Innovation
• Human-in-the-loop
• Computational Social Science
• Explainable AI
• Games with a Purpose
• Gamification
• Collective Awareness

HUMAN COMPUTATION: OUR OFFER
User
engagement
• Design gamification
incentives to participation
• Adopt storytelling to
stimulate behavioural
change
• Create intuitive and
conversational
interactions
Data
collection
• Adopt a “human as a
sensor” approach
• Embed data collection
tasks in gaming
applications
• Administer survey through
enjoyable interfaces
Data
curation
• Embed data verification or
correction tasks in gaming
applications
• Use cross-validation to
aggregate human
contributions
• Create high quality
training sets
Human+machine
intelligence
• Apply active learning for
incremental model
improvement
• Engage people in
generating or refining
human-understandable
explanations

SOLUTION: GAMES WITH A PURPOSE FOR DATA LINKING
Research Questions:
• How to incentivise people to participate to the creation of high-quality training sets for machine learning through games?
• How to easily create games with a purpose for data linking with incremental truth inference?
• Media classification and text annotation
• Training set creation or validation/improvement
• Features:
• Simple and reusable game mechanics
• Effective data collection and aggregation
• Open source code and tutorial
G. Re Calegari, A. Fiano and I. Celino: "A Framework to build Games with a Purpose for
Linked Data Refinement", ISWC 2018, Best Paper Award, LNCS Vol. 11137, 2018
GWAP Enabler framework: https://github.com/STARS4ALL/gwap-enabler
GWAP Enabler tutorial: https://github.com/STARS4ALL/gwap-enabler-tutorial

SOLUTION: CONVERSATIONAL SURVEY
Research Questions:
• How to improve through a chat interface a questionnaire administration in terms of user attention and retention, while
maintaining the survey’s reliability and validity?
• Participatory research and citizen science
• Employee engagement and skill assessment
• Market research and psychometrics
• Features:
• Innovative interaction pattern that brings qualitative
research advantages in quantitative research surveys
• Improved user experience with reliable and valid
approach
• Complete toolkit for survey design, administration
and analysis
Demo: http://bit.ly/try-coney

• Citizen Sensing, Gamification and Crowdsourcing Analytics
TIMING
2016/01 – 2018/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Help to reduce light pollution so to
let everybody enjoy stars at night
by creating a Light Pollution
Initiative (LPI) incubation platform
that will allow generating (and
maintaining) customizable on-
demand domain-focused LPIs
MAIN PARTNERS
UPM, SOTON, UCM, IAC, IGB
FUNDING AGENCY
Results
• Games with a Purpose to foster user
participation in citizen science 
Night Knights for image classification:
https://www.nightknights.eu/
• Serious Games to create awareness
about light pollution  Stars Beat:
https://starsbeat.stars4all.eu/
• Analytics tools for validation of
crowdsourcing activities
• Main idea: use gamification to
engage people
Publications
• G. Re Calegari, A. Fiano and I. Celino: "A Framework to build Games with a Purpose for Linked Data Refinement", in
proceedings of ISWC 2018, Best Paper Award, LNCS Volume 11137, pp. 154-169, 2018.
• G. Re Calegari and I. Celino: "Interplay of Game Incentives, Player Profiles and Task Difficulty in Games with a Purpose",
in proceedings of EKAW 2018, LNAI Volume 11313, pp. 306-321, 2018.
• G. Re Calegari, G. Nasi and I. Celino: "Human Computation vs. Machine Learning: an Experimental Comparison for
Image Classification", Human Computation Journal, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 13-30, 2018.
• S. Schroer, C. Kyba, R. van Grunsven, I. Celino, O. Corcho, F. Hölker: “Citizen science to monitor light pollution – a useful
tool for studying human impacts on the environment”, in “Citizen Science – Innovation in Open Science, Society and
Policy”, UCL Press, London, 2018.

TIMING
2016/01 – 2017/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Digital platform for the co-creation
of Smart City services together
with all key stakeholders, citizens,
administrations and service
providers, to shape, design, test
and implement the Smart City
MAIN PARTNERS
Alfstore, TUB, Nexus
FUNDING AGENCY
• Multi-purpose Gamified Apps for the City Co-creation
• Software framework to build multi-purpose gamified apps to involve citizens
• Gamification to engage the citizens in the co-creation
Results
• Talkin’Piazza location-based app to
let citizens “chat” with urban objects:
http://bit.ly/talkinpiazza
• Main idea: use fun to engage citizen
in a “conversation” with their city
1. collect their answer to city questions
2. give them information (chatbot on
E015 API or other data source)
Publications
• Irene Celino, Gloria Re Calegari, Andrea Fiano: "Towards Talkin'Piazza: Engaging citizens through playful interaction with
urban objects", in Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Smart Cities Conference, 2016.
• Paolo Cappello, Marco Comerio and Irene Celino: "BotDCAT-AP: An Extension of the DCAT Application Profile for
Describing Datasets for Chatbot Systems", 4th International Workshop on Dataset PROFIling and fEderated Search for
Web Data, co-located with ISWC 2017, CEUR Vol. 1927, 2017.

TIMING
2017/01 – 2017/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Create participative communities
to model young drivers’ actual
decision-making and, meanwhile,
to train young people on road
safety through positive models
and entertaining feedbacks
MAIN PARTNERS
BSD, TUD, Alfstore, Innovalor
FUNDING AGENCY
• Gamified crowdsourcing and analytics for decision-making data
• Cross-media suite of gameful digital tools to engage young people
• Promotion of a road safety culture and sense-making of attitudes and choices
• Project coordinator
Results
• Ninja Stories psychographics app to
solicit young people to evaluate
concrete scenarios where decision-
making is influenced by personal and
social contexts:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/d
etails?id=com.matters.ninjastories
• Foundation of Matters s.r.l., the
innovative startup to bring Ninja
Stories to the market
• Main idea: use a chat interface and
storytelling to collect data and
stimulate behavioural change
Publications
• Irene Celino, Oscar Corcho, Franz Hölker and Elena Simperl: "Citizen Science: Design and Engagement (Dagstuhl
Seminar 17272)", Dagstuhl Reports 4(7), pp. 22-43, DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.7.7.22, 2018.

TIMING
2018/01 – 2018/12
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Help consumer banks to
continuously deliver the best
mobile banking experience,
through anonymous behavioural
data analysis, enriched with online
customers' feedbacks
MAIN PARTNERS
Alfstore, DFKI
FUNDING AGENCY
• Design and development of an embeddable chat-survey to collect customer
feedbacks within the banking experience
• Analysis of customer attitude and preferences towards mobile banking from
collected data with definition of behavioural indicators
Results
• Bankable conversational survey component,
embeddable in any web site for customer
interaction, with basic drag-and-drop
questionnaire design editor
• Realization of a quantitative survey tool with
characteristics of qualitative research
methods (i.e. interview)
• Analysis of customer attitude and
preferences towards mobile banking,
showing the main factors influencing
adoption and retention
• Main idea: use a chat interface to submit a
quantitative survey

TIMING
2018/01 – 2019/06
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
“Sharing Power Information for
Citizen Awareness”
Collect information from home-
installed sensors and use them to
increase people awareness about
energy efficiency interventions
FUNDING AGENCY
• Gamification approach to stimulate participation, awareness raising, behavioural
change (cost saving, sustainable behaviour, energy efficiency, healthy living)
through sensor data visualization and other participatory activities
Results
• Design and
development of a web
responsive app for the
pilot participants
• Integration/visualization
of sensor data
• Addition of games,
quizzes and
leaderboard to increase
participation and raise
awareness
• Main idea: gamification
as a means to
behavioural impact

• Provide digital and methodological tools to support citizen science initiatives in the
engagement of volunteer participants to data collection and analysis
TIMING
2019/02 – 2022/01
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
Transform the way we do citizen
science today: from a mostly
scientist-led process to a more
participatory, inclusive, citizen-led
one, which acknowledges the
landscape diversity and of the
project evolution challenges
MAIN PARTNERS
SOTON, UPM, T6, Drift, IGB
FUNDING AGENCY
Results
• Complete CONEY toolkit to design,
administer and analyse results of
conversational surveys
• Survey ontology to represent and share
survey data in an Open Science fashion:
https://w3id.org/survey-ontology
• Comparative investigation of motivation
to participate to citizen science
• Main idea: simplify survey design,
administration and evaluation for citizen
science projects
Publications
• D. Scandolari, G. Re Calegari, M. Scrocca and I. Celino: "CONEY: A CONversational survEY Toolkit", Proceedings of
CHItaly (Poster), Padova, September 2019.
• D. Scandolari, M. Scrocca, G. Re Calegari and I. Celino: "Coney: A Conversational Approach to Enhance Engagement in
Surveys", Proceedings of the Open Science Fair 2019 (Demo), Porto, September 2019.

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Knowledge Technologies group at Cefriel

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