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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3050 AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND FORECASTING USING LORA TECHNOLOGY N. Ashika Barveen Nisa1, K. Priyadharshini2, K. Priyadharshini3, R. Nandhini Devi4 1,2,3,4UG Scholar, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai- 600123, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy and it will continue to remain so for a long time. It has to support almost 17 per cent ofworldpopulationfrom 2.3 per cent of world geographical areaand4.2percentofworld’s water resources. The economic reforms, initiated in the country during the early 1990s, have put the economy on a higher growth trajectory. Annual growth rate in GDP has accelerated from below 6 percent during the initial years of reforms to more than 8 percent in recent years. Thishappened mainly due to rapid growth in non-agriculture sector. India is an agricultural country, wherein about 70% of thepopulation depends on agriculture. Farmers have wide range of diversity to select suitable fruits and vegetables crops. However, the cultivation of these crops for optimum yield and quality produce is highly technical. Watering the plant is the most important cultural practice and one of the labour intensive tasks in daily greenhouse operation. Watering systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when they need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important aspects of watering process. To make the gardener works easily, the irrigation watering systemiscreated. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening. For example, the microcontroller has to be coded to water the plants in the garden or farms about two times per day. People enjoy plants, their benefits and the feelingrelatedtonurturing them. It can be improved by the aid of technological support like LoRa. The management of irrigation can be improved using automatic watering system. A system that will help a farmer to know his field status in his home. Key Words: LoRa, irrigation, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), intensive, technology. 1. INTRODUCTION Micro Irrigation is an artificial supplyingofwatertothe root of plant. Irrigation has been used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re- vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and duringperiods of inadequate rainfall. In crop production, irrigationhelpsin protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation. Irrigation systems are also used for dust suppression, disposal of sewage, and in mining. The old method used for irrigation was the use of watering cans, water channels that have to be opened and closed manually or backpack sprinklers. In this case, a lot of water is wasted in the process. There is need for improvement on the existing or old forms of irrigation. An automated irrigation system needs to be developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. An intelligent automatic irrigation system has tohave all the components that autonomously monitor and control the level of water available to the plants without any failure or human intervention. In current generation most of the countries do not have sufficient human factor in agricultural sector and it affects the growth of developing countries. So it’s time to automate the sector to overcomethisproblem. In India, there are 70% people dependent on agriculture. This system is mainly based on minimizing man power and cost of the equipment, which can beaffordabletoall farmers. 2. EXISTING SYSTEM In earlier system, the soil level moisture and various factors are measured manually by the human. The human should check the condition of the farm and they want to on/off the motor manually to irrigate the field. The water level in the tank will be monitored by human and every time he need to switch on the motor to fill the water tank. The automation for the irrigation system also have the problem of data transmission over a long distance. The data transmission through WiFi and other Radio communication device transmit for a particular range. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM In this paper, we are designing the agricultural autonomous system which will sense the conditions in real time and analyse the field parameters such as, Temperature, soil Moisture. The soil moisture sensor will monitor moisture level and temperature sensor will monitor temperature level. These data will be given to the controller unit. The controller unit will receive the data and transmits the data to the receiver through LoRa. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump by using DC motor.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3051 Fig1: LoRa in Agriculture An LCD display is also interfaced to the controller to display status of the soil and temperature. A buzzer is used to indicate the farmer about water requirement and a water pump is used to pump the water. Once the water pump is switched ON, it will be monitored using a water level indicator. To irrigate the crop at the correct time this system has been implemented. Fig2: Block diagram of transmitter side At the transmitter side, the soil moisture and temperature of the soil is measured using sensors and it is processed using aurduino. The processeddataaretransmittedtotheuserside via LoRa technology. LoRa also receivestheinformationfrom the user and provideittothecontroller.Thecontrollermakes the water pump to pump the water to the land. The water level is measured using a water level indicator. Once the water level is increased beyond the limit, the motor automatically turns OFF. Fig3: Block diagram of receiver side On the receiver side an LCD is used to display the temperature and water level. The buzzer is used to indicate that the agricultural land is dry. The Irrigation system can also be controlled manually by using switches. There are totally four switches to select the temperature, increment, decrement and exit. 3.1 LoRa Technology The SX1278 transceivers featuretheLoRalongrangemodem that provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizingcurrentconsumption.LoRausesSpreadspectrum technology formodulation.Usingthisdatacanbetransmitted up to 20 km. Lore is aproprietarychirpspreadspectrumradiomodulation technique for use in a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). It is a WAN specification designed to enable long- range, low-bit-rate communication among “things” (i.e., connected objects) suchasabattery-poweredsensors,andit uses license-free, sub-GHz radio-frequency bands such as 196, 433, and 868 MHz in Europe and 915 MHz in North America. An LPWAN may be used to createa privatewireless sensor network or a third-party service or infrastructure. Fig4: Example of LoRa range
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3052 Table 1. LoRa coverage s.no Type of living area Coverage of LoRa SX-1278 1 Urban area 5 km 2 Sub urban area 15 km SX-11278 operates in the free ISM band of433MHZwith125 KHZ of Bandwidth. It follows IEEE 802.15.4 protocol standard. The data rate is up to 50 kbps. 3. CONCLUSION The system uses a moisture sensor to observe the moisture level, which increases further accuracy of the system as it identifies the moisture level very accurately than human. The systemalsoobservesdifferentenvironmental conditions such as humidity, soil moisture and temperature, which human cannot measure accurately by open eyes to decide the plant health so the accuracy of the system is high. It also involves watering mechanism which reduces human labor and reduces labor further by modifying the system further for other agricultural work such as picking, harvesting, weeding. Using this method, the irrigation system is automated and can be controlled from a long distance. Future enhancement can be done to increase the range of coverage to control the irrigation system across the world. This proposal focuses on future agriculture method, i.e. people from the city can also look after the agriculture in their busy life. REFERENCES [1] K. Lakshmisudha, Swathi Hegde, Neha Kale, Shruti Iyer, “Smart Precision Based Agriculture Using Sensors”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975- 8887), Volume 146-No.11, July 2011. [2] Nikesh Gondchawar, Dr. R.S.Kawitkar, “IoT Based Smart Agriculture”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), Vol.5, Issue 6, June 2016. [3] M.K.Gayathri, J.Jayasakthi, Dr.G.S.Anandhamala, “Providing Smart Agriculture Solutions to Farmers for Better Yielding Using IoT”, IEEE International Conference on Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015). [4] Chetan Dwarkani M, Ganesh Ram R, Jagannathan S, R. Priyatharshini, “Smart Farming System Using Sensors for Agricultural Task Automation”, IEEE International Conference on Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015). [5] S. R. Nandurkar, V. R. Thool, R. C. Thool, “Design and Development of Precision Agriculture System Using Wireless Sensor Network”, IEEE International Conference on Automation,Control,EnergyandSystems (ACES), 2014., [6] Joaquín Gutiérrez, JuanFranciscoVilla-Medina,Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel PortaGándara, “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, 0018-9456,2013 [7] Dr. V Vidya Devi, G Meena Kumari, “Real- Time Automation and Monitoring System for Modernized Agriculture”, International Journal of Review and Research inAppliedSciences andEngineering(IJRRASE) Vol3 No.1. PP 7-12, 2013. [8] Meonghun Lee, Jeonghwan Hwang, Hyun Yoe, “Agricultural Protection System Based on IoT”, IEEE 16thInternational ConferenceonComputational Science and Engineering, 2013. [9] Monika Jhuria, Ashwani Kumar, Rushikesh Borse, “Image Processing for Smart Farming: Detection of Disease and Fruit Grading”, IEEE Second International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), 2013. [10] Orazio Mirabella and Michele Brischetto, “A Hybrid Wired/Wireless Networking Infrastructure for Greenhouse Management”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, no. 2, pp 398- 407, 2011.
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