oceanography iron deposit in ocean nodules polymetallic indian ocean dipole temperatue differences in indian ocean dipole iºd australia weather extremes america weather extremes abnormal rainfall pacific normal lanina el nino bay of bengal precipitation tibetian platue itcz changes sri lanka india monsoon highest temperature path in world sun path low pressure zone equator ocean itcz meteorology meanders gorges potholes grinders river rapids v shaped valleys weathering attrision solution abrasion erosion bradshaw model upper course upper valley water shed river discharge thalweg long profile stream river fluviatile dam plunge pool cryogenic lake esker kame drumlin kettle lake solution lake caldera lake maars lake volcanic lakes earthquake lakes crustal rebound great lakes graben lake techtonic lakes hutchinson(1957) lake formation lake limnology
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