7. • Building on this legacy, early
American farmers evolved
high-yielding, open-pollinated
dent cultivars adapted to.......
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 7
Native Americans accomplished
remarkable feats by evolving races of
flint, flour, gourd-seed dent, pop, and
sweet corn.
11. • Differ from primitive corn in having more
productive plants due to an increased
number and weight of individual kernels
on a cob of corn.
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 11
14. Whether corn originated by a single
domestication from the basal branching
teosinte subspecies Zea mays L. spp.
parviglumis
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 14
OR
From the lateral branching subspecies Z.
mays L. spp. mexicana, or by a dual
domestication from the two subspecies.
15. ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 15
• Proposed pathways for
double origin of corn from
different subspecies of
teosinte.
• Upper: Basal branching
type from subspecies
parviglumis. Note
proliferation of tillers at the
base of the plant.
• Lower: Lateral branching
type from subspecies
mexicana.
• Note that branching is
lateral, with each branch
terminating in a tassel.
17. The wild annual forms of teosinte
have the same chromosome
number as corn
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 17
Teosinte X corn = fertile
18. corn and teosinte
• Teosinte, like corn, is monoecious in flowering
habit, with staminate and pistillate flowers
borne in separate inflorescences
• Differs from corn in that the pistillate spikes
bear 6 to 12 kernels in hard triangular,
shelllike structures. The teosinte seed
structures break apart and shatter when
mature, forming a natural means of seed
dispersal
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 18
19. CORN HAS TWO POSSIBLE
CENTERS OF ORIGIN
• The highlands of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia;
and the region of southern Mexico and
Central America.
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 19
30. • In India, dry milling is the predominant
process for:
• Flour
• Animal feed
• Fermentation
• Distilling industries
• Composite flours.
• In the new millennium, it is an alternate
crop to rice and wheat
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 30
31. WORLD PRODUCTION
• 700 million tonnes, one-third of world cereal
output.
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 31
32. • Over the past two decades, global
maize production has increased by
nearly 50 percent, or 1.8 percent
annual compound growth rate.
ISHTIAQSHARIQ@GMAIL.COM 32
Most of the increase in world
maize production during the past decade can
be attributed to a rapid expansion
IN