Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA

1. Current Trends of Disasters in the
Asia-Pacific Region
and
Applications of Geoinformatics in
Disaster Management
Manzul Hazarika, Ph.D
,

2. Disaster Statistics for the Asia-Pacific :
1980 2009
1980-2009
Asia-Pacific
A i P ifi Events
E t Killed
Kill d Affected
Aff t d Estimated D
E ti t d Damage
Sub-region (Number) (Thousand) (Thousand) (,000,000US$)
East and North East Asia
North-East 908 162,804
162 804 2,567,214
2 567 214 578,602
578 602
South-East Asia 1,069 394,687 272,777 48,220
South and South West Asia
South-West 1,283
1 283 566,423
566 423 1,914,696
1 914 696 141,506
141 506
North and Central Asia 297 34,644 17,231 15,636
The P ifi
Th Pacific 406 5,425
5 425 19,126
19 126 39,078
39 078
Asia-Pacific (Total) 3,963 1,163,983 4,791,044 823,042

3. Sub-Regions and Countries (UN-ESCAP)
East and North-East Asia
China,
China Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Japan Mongolia the Republic of Korea and
People s Korea, Japan, Mongolia,
the Russian Federation
South East
South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia,
Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam
South and South-West Asia
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Turkey
, y
North and Central Asia
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan and U b ki
T k i d Uzbekistan
The Pacific
Australia, Fiji, Kiribati,
Australia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands the Federated States of Micronesia Nauru New
Islands, Micronesia, Nauru,
Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu

4. Share of Disasters in the Asia-Pacific:
1980 2009
1980-2009

5. Top 10 Countries in the Asia-Pacific :
1980 2009
1980-2009
Killed
Rank Country Events Country
(Thousand)
1 China 574 Bangladesh 191,650
2 India 416 Indonesia 191,164
3 Philippines 349 China 148,419
4 Indonesia 312 India 141,888
,
5 Bangladesh 229 Myanmar 139,095
6 Russian Federation 176 Pakistan 84,841
7 Japan 155 Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 77,987
8 Australia 154 Sri Lanka 36,871
36 871
9 Viet Nam 152 Philippines 32,578
10 Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 140 Russian Federation 31,795
Affected Damage*
Rank Country
y Country
y
(Million)
(Milli ) (US$ Milli )
Million)
1 China 2,549.85 China 321,544.61
2 India 1,501.21 Japan 188,183.82
3 Bangladesh 316.34 India 51,644.78
4 Philippines 109.42 DPR Korea 46,331.29
5 Viet Nam 67.73 Turkey 35,144.61
6 Thailand 53.76 Australia 34,690.13
7 Iran (Islamic Rep. of)
( p ) 42.05 Iran (Islamic Rep. of)
( p ) 24,977.98
,
8 Pakistan 29.96 Indonesia 22,581.81
9 Indonesia 17.54 Republic of Korea 19,818.30
10 Cambodia 16.40 Bangladesh 16,273.08

6. Top 10 Disasters in the Asia-Pacific :
1980 2009
1980-2009
Disaster Number of Disaster Killed
Rank
Type Events Type (Thousand)
1 Flood 1,317
1 317 Earthquake 570.80
570 80
2 Cyclone 1,127 Cyclone 384.20
3 Earthquake 444 Flood 128.95
4 Mass Movement Wet 264 Volcano 17.51
5 Extreme Temperature 119 Extreme Temperature 17.51
6 Drought 108 Mass Movement (Wet) 14.28
7 Wild Fire 96 Drought 5.33
8 Volcano 71 Mass Movement (Dry)( y) 1.53
9 Mass Movement Dry 20 Wild Fire 1.06
10 Insect Infestation 8 Insect Infestation 0.00
Disaster Affected Disaster Damage* (Million
Rank
Type (Million) Type US$)
1 Flood 2,676.16 Flood 301,590
2 Drought 1,296.27 Earthquake 264,530
3 Cyclone 664.03 Cyclone 165,770
4 Earthquake 109.71
109 71 Drought 53,330
53 330
5 Extreme Temperature 85.90 Extreme Temperature 18,080
6 Wild Fire 3.31 Wild Fire 16,210
7 Volcano 2.36 Mass Movement (Wet) 2,130
8 Mass Movement Wet 1.36 Volcano 710
9 Mass Movement Dry 0.02 Insect Infestation 190
10 Insect Infestation 0.00 Mass Movement (Dry) 10

7. Trends in the Asia-Pacific (1980-2009) :
Killed and Damage

8. Comparison of Average Annual Numbers of
Earthquake and Climate Sensitive Disasters
Average Annual Average Annual Number of Climate Difference
Time Interval Number of sensitive Hydro meteorological
Hydro-meteorological (B – A)
Earthquakes disasters
(A) (B)
1980 – 1989 10 64 54
1990 – 1999 15 94 79
2000 – 2009 19 136 117
30-year average 15 98 83

9. Absolute and Relative Physical Exposure
for Floods, Cyclones and Earthquakes

10. Top 10 Countries Based on Absolute and
Relative Physical Exposure
Flood Cyclone Earthquake
ank
Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative
Ra
(Million) (%) (Million) (%) (Million) (%)
1 Bangladesh1 Cambodia1 (12.2) Japan1 (30.9) North Marina Isl.2 Japan1(13.4) Vanuatu1 (60.4)
(19.2) (58.2)
2 India (15.8)
2 (15 8) Bangladesh2 Philippines2(20 7)
(20.7) Niue (25.4)
9 (25 4) Philippines2(12 1)
(12.1) Solomon Isl 2
Isl.
(12.1) (36.3)
3 China 3 (3.9) Vietnam3 (3.9) China3(11.1) Japan10 (24.2) Indonesia3 (11.0) Tonga 6 (21.1)
4 Vietnam4 (3.4) Bhutan4 (1.7) India4(10.7) Philippines11 (23.6) China4 (8.1) Papua New G..9
(17.5)
(17 5)
5 Cambodia5 (1.7) India5 (1.4) Bangladesh6(7.5) Fiji12 (23.1) India8 (3.3) Philippines12
(13.8)
6 Indonesia6 (1.1) Thailand6 (1.3) Rep. of Samoa15 (21.4) Pakistan9 (2.8) Timor Leste14
Korea9(2 4)
(2.4) (11.3)
(11 3)
7 Thailand7 (0.8) Nepal7 (1.2) Myanmar 11 (1.2) New Caledonia18 Iran15 (1.7) Japan 15 (10.5)
(20.7)
8 Philippines8 (0.7) Lao PDR8 (1.1) Vietnam13 (0.8) Vanuatu20 (18.3) Bangladesh17 (1.3) Bhutan17 (0.8)
9 Pakistan9 (0.5) Myanmar9 (0.9) Hong Kong17 Tonga21 (18.1) Papua N. G..9 Indonesia31 (0.4)
(0.4) (1.1)
10 Myanmar10 (0.4) Philippines10 (0.9) Pakistan19 (0.3) Cook Islands32 (10.5) Afghanistan (1.0) Kyrgystan35 (0.4)

11. Absolute and Relative GDP Exposure for
Floods, Cyclones and Earthquakes

12. Top 10 Countries Based on GDP Exposure
Flood Cyclone Earthquake
ank
Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative
Ra
(Billion US$) (%) (Billion US$) (%) (Billion US$) (%)
1 China1 (12.5) Bangladesh1 (14.5) Japan1 (1,226.7) North Marina Isl.2 Japan1 (340.7) Vanuatu1 (96.5)
(59.4)
2 Bangladesh3 (9 7)
(9.7) Cambodia2 (14 0)
(14.0) Rep.
Rep of Korea4 (35 6)
(35.6) Vanuatu (27.1)
9 (27 1) China7 (16 0)
(16.0) Solomon Isl 2
Isl.
(46.3)
3 India4 (9.3) Vietnam3 (4.4) China5 (28.5) Niue11(24.9) Philippines9(11.4 Tonga6 (22.7)
)
4 Japan6 (4.5) Philippines5 (2.5) Philippines6 (24.3) Fiji 13 (24.1) Indonesia11 (7.9) Papua New
G.8(22.1)
5 Thailand8 (3.0) Thailand6 (1.8) Hong Kong7 (13.3) Japan14 (23.9) Turkey14 (5.7) Timor Leste13
(14.9)
6 Philippines9 (2.5) India8 (1.3) India9 (8.0) Philippines15(23.9) Iran17 (3.8) Philippines14
(11.2)
(11 2)
7 Vietnam10 (2.2) Myanmar9 (1.1) Bangladesh13 (3.9) New Caledonia16 Australia25 (2.7) Japan 23(6.6)
(22.4)
8 Rep. of Korea18 (1.2) Lao PDR11 (1.1) North Marina Isl.19 (1.5) Samoa 21 (19.2) India25 (2.1) Kyrgystan35
(4.0)
(4 0)
9 Indonesia19 (1.0) Nepal13 (0.9) Australia23(0.8) Tonga24 (17.4) Pakistan31 (1.4) Azerbaijan36
(4.0)
10 Cambodia21 (0.9) Sri Lanka18 (0.6) New Caledonia25 (0.7) Bangladesh44 (5.9) New Zealand34 Indonesia41(3.5)
(1.0)

13. Mortality Risk for Floods, Cyclones and
Earthquakes

14. Neglected Disasters (Desinventar and
EM DAT
EM-DAT in Sri Lanka : 1980-2008)
1980 2008)
No. of Events People Killed People Affected
Disasters
EM-DAT Desinventar EM-DAT Desinventar EM-DAT Desinventar
Flood 39 2,210
2 210 933 317 9,283,426
9 283 426 8,445,805
8 445 805
Lanslide 1 293 65 490 130 52,543
Cyclone 3 41 14 9 433,000 861,235
Drought 6 532 0 0 6,006,000 7,804,286
Total
49 3,076 1,012 816 15,722,556 17,163,869

15. Neglected Disasters (Desinventar and
EM DAT
EM-DAT in Indonesia : 1998-2009)
1998 2009)
No. of Events People Killed People Affected
Disasters
EM-DAT Desinventer EM-DAT Desinventer EM-DAT Desinventer
Flood 63 2,296 2,826 1,233 3,525,309 11,862,147
Lanslide 29 735 1,115 1,273 332,330 17,699
Cyclone 2 680 4 109 3,715 147,778
Drought 1 1,149 0 0 15,000 0
Total 95 4,860 3,945 2,615 3,876,354 12,027,624

16. Applications of Geoinformatics in Disaster
Management
Pre-disaster phases Post-disaster phases
Risk Mitigation Risk Transfer Preparedness Emergency Rehabilitation
Identification
Id ifi i response and
d
Reconstruction
Hazard Physical/structur Insurance/ Early warning Humanitarian Rehabilitation/re
Assessment al mitigation reinsurance systems. assistance / construction of
works Communication rescue damaged critical
systems infrastructure
Vulnerability Land-use Financial Monitoring and Clean-up, Macroeconomic
assessment planning and market forecasting temporary and budget
building codes instruments repairs and management
restoration of
services
Risk Economic Privatization of Shelter facilities Damage Revitalization of
Assessment incentives public services Emergency assessment affected sectors
with safety planning (exports,tourism)
regulations
l ti
GIS mapping Education, Calamity funds Contingency Mobilization of Incorporation of
and scenario training and planning (utility recovery disaster
building awareness companies / resources mitigation
public services) components in
reconstruction
Spatial information Spatial information Spatial information
is very important is important but in is much less
combination with important compared
other information to other information
Sources: Worldbank, DMF & USAID

17. Contribution of Geoinformatics in
Disaster Cycle
Mitigation
- Catalogues with spatial component
- Hazard assessment
- Elements at risk mapping
- Vulnerability assessment
- Risk assessment
- Spatial Decision Support Systems
Preparedness
- Disaster plans
- Anomalies in a time series
- Forecasting & Early warning
- Monitoring of an ongoing situation
Response/Relief
- Mapping extent of disaster
- Damage assessment
- Relief coordination
- Evacuation
Recovery
- Post-disaster census
Post disaster
- Identification of reconstruction sites
- Update hazard, vulnerability and risk data

18. Applications of Geoinformatics in Flood
Hazard Analysis – A Case Study in Sri Lanka
Participating Agencies
Arthur C Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
University of Peradeniya
Survey Department

19. Study Area

20. Data Collection
Field Visit

21. Data Processing
Topo 10 k sheet
T h
Buildings Land Use Terrain
Hydro
Road Admin Utility
ALOS PALSAR
Hydro met
Data
Censes 2001 Demographic
» Population
» Age
» Household LiDAR

22. Data Processing……
DEM of the Study area
(LIDAR Data) (Contour Data)

23. Methodology for Hazard Analysis

24. Hazard Analysis: Methodology for Flood
Modeling

25. Results: Flood Hazard Maps from Model
100 yr
50 yr
20 yr
10 yr

26. Hazard Analysis: Methodology for Deriving
Flood Map from Satellite Data

27. Deriving Flood Map from Satellite Data
ALOS – PALSAR (HH) - Date, 03 March,2008
( ) , , ALOS – PALSAR(HH) - Date, 03 June,2008
( ) , ,
Dry date image
y g Wet date image
g

28. Results: Model Output Vs. Satellite Data
Comparison of the Flood extent derived from HEC-RAS model and Satellite image

29. Applications of Satellite Data in Post-Disaster
Management – Sentinel Asia Project (
g j (Sri Lanka)
)

30. Thank Y
Th k You