respiratory system

1. Respiratory System
Amjad Althabet

2. Respiratory System
• Respiration: process of gas exchange between
atmosphere and body cells
• The complex of organs and tissue which are
necessary to exchange blood carbon dioxide (CO2)
with air oxygen (O2).

3.  Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs –
alveoli
Respiratory System

4. Functions Of Respiratory System
• Oversees gas exchanges (oxygen and carbon
dioxide) between the blood and external
environment
• Exchange of gasses takes place within the
lungs in the alveoli(only site of gas exchange,
other structures passageways
• Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and
humidify the incoming air
• Shares responsibility with cardiovascular
system

5. Organs Of Respiratory System
•Upper Respiratory Tract :
1. Nose : nasal cavity, nasal sinuses.
2. Pharynx.
3. Larynx.

6. Nasal
cavity
Larynx
Pharynx
Nasal
Sinuses

7. •Lower Respiratory Tract :
1. Trachea.
2. Bronchial tree.
3. Lungs.

9. Nose :
•Supported by bone and cartilage
•Provides an entrance for air
•Nostril hair filters air

10. Nasal Cavity :
• Posterior to nose
• Cavity has passageways
• Lined with mucous membranes and
help increase the surface area
available to warm and filter incoming
air
• Particles in air can get trapped in
mucus….

11. Nasal Sinuses :
•Air filled spaces in skull
•Open to nasal cavity
•Lined with mucus
•Function: lighten skull; resonates
voice

12. Pharynx :
•Food and air pass through
•Helps produce speech sounds

13. :
Larynx
•Between pharynx and trachea
•Functions:
•Prevents particles from entering
trachea
•Holds vocal cords

14. Trachea :
•Anterior to esophagus .
•Extends into thoracic cavity .
•Separates into right and left
bronchi .
•Inner wall lined with cilia and
mucus .
•20 cartilaginous rings

15. Trachea
Epiglottic cartilage
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Trachea

16. Bronchial Tree :
•Branched tubes leading from
trachea to alveoli
•Starts with two main bronchi
(right and left….each leads to a
lung)
•Bronchi lead to bronchioles

17. Lungs :
•Right and left
•Separated by mediastinum
•Enclosed by diaphragm and
thoracic cage (ribs)
•Bronchus and blood vessels enter
each lung

18. The Lungs Consist Of :
1. Bronchus : large tubes that connect
to your trachea (windpipe) and
direct the air you breathe to your
right and left lungs.
2. Bronchioles : air passages inside
the lungs that branch off like tree
limbs from the bronchi.

19. 3. Alveoli
• Bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts,
which lead to alveolar sacs, then end
in alveoli
• Gas exchange between blood and air

21. Breathing Mechanism :
•Ventilation
•Composed of two parts:
inspiration and exhalation

22. Inspiration :
• Flow of air into lungs
• Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract
• The size of the thoracic cavity
increases
• Increase in volume of cavity =
decrease in pressure so air flows from
high to low pressure

23. Exhalation :
•Air leaving lungs
•Largely a passive process which
depends on natural lung elasticity
•As muscles relax, air is pushed
out of lungs