The document discusses different types of cabling technologies used for network infrastructure, including copper cabling standards like Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, as well as fibre optic cabling types OM1-OM3 and OS1. It provides information on cable standards, specifications, speeds and distances supported. The document also describes other infrastructure components like data cabinets and structured cabling.

1. Cabling Technologies -
Infrastructure
• Cat5e / Cat6 / Cat6a – Copper Cabling
• OM1/OM2/OM3/OS1 – Fibre Optic Cabling
• Data Cabinets
• Structured Cabling
• Standards
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2. Copper Cabling
• Cat5e
• Cat6
• Cat6a (Augmented)
Speeds and Distances
100MB 1GB 10GB
Cat5e 100m (90m) 100m (90m)
Cat6 100m (90m) 100m (90m) 55m
Cat6a 100m (90m) 100m (90m) 100m (90m)
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3. Fibre Optic Cabling
• Introduction
• Fibre Communication Systems
• Fibre Optic Components
• Fibre Optic Cable Construction
– Fibre Optic Dimensions
– Types of Fibre Optic Cabling
– What is OM1,OM2,OM3 & OS1 fibre?
– Common Fibre Optic Connectors
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4. Introduction
• A fibre optic cable is a thin strand of glass, coated with a protective plastic
jacket. A beam of light can be trapped within a fibre, so that the optical
cable essentially becomes a pipe that carries light around corners.
• Fibre optic networks can support high data rates.
• Because light is not appreciably affected by electromagnetic fields, optical
signals are immune to EMI/RFI/EMP (Electromagnetic Interference/ Radio
Frequency Interference/ Electromagnetic Pulse).
• Nearly all long-distance telecommunication lines are fibre optic.
• The primary disadvantage of fibre optic cable is its cost.
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5. Fibre Communication Systems
The basic model for a communication system includes a transmitter and
receiver, connected by optical fibre cabling. The Fibre Optic Components
Diagram below illustrates a generic fibre optic communication system.
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6. Fibre Optic Components
Transmitter (TX)- A transmitter includes the following components:
• Encoder
• Light source
• Connector
The transmitter accepts digital electrical signals from a computer.
A diode converts the digital code into a pattern of light pulses (on and off) that are sent
out to the receiver through the optical fibre.
There are two basic types of light sources for fibre optic systems:
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) Laser diodes
• use less power and are considerably less expensive than • used with single-mode fibre for long-distance
lasers transmission.
• can be used with multimode cable, • Laser light is more powerful
• most common light source.
WARNING: Never look into a fibre
optic cable to see whether light is present.
Receiver (RX)- A receiver converts the modulated light pulses back to The infrared laser light used in fibre optic
electrical signals and decodes them. LANs is invisible; however, it can
permanently damage your eyesight in an
instant.
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7. Fibre Optic Cable Construction
Optical fibre cable consists of three parts:
• Core - A solid fibre of highly refractive clear glass that serves as the central conduit for
light.
• Cladding--A layer of clear glass with a lower index of refraction. When light travelling
down the core reaches the boundary between the core and cladding, the change in
refractive index causes the light to completely refract or bend back into the core.
• Coating--A reinforced plastic outer jacket that protects the cable from damage.
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8. Fibre Optic Dimensions
Fibre optic cable is very thin.
Optical fibres are referred to by their core/cladding diameter measured in
micrometres (µm)
Sizes in perspective In comparison, a
human hair is
1 metre = 1000 millimetres approximately
1mm = 1000 micrometres 50 µm thick
Therefore:
1 µm = micron = 1 metre or 10-6 metres
1,000,000
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9. Fibre Optic Dimensions
• Fibre optic cable is specified in terms of its core and cladding diameter.
• Each fibre optic core conducts light in one direction only. Therefore, to send
and receive, devices are usually connected by two fibre optic strands.
• Fibre cables can also consist of several bundles (4 – 24 fibres).
For example, the most common type of fibre optic
cable for LAN installations is 62.5/125 µm cable, where
62.5 refers to the core diameter and 125 refers to the
cladding diameter.
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10. Types of Fibre Optic Cable
Fibre optic cable is available in two types:
• Multimode fibre is wide enough to carry more
than one light signal. (Each signal is called a
"mode.")
• Single-mode fibre is thin and can carry only one
light signal.
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11. What is OM1,OM2,OM3 & OS1
fibre?
Fibre Size 100MB Ethernet 1GB Ethernet 10GB Ethernet 40GB Ethernet
OM1 (62.5/125) Up to 550 220 metres 33 metres Not specified
metres
OM2 (50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 82 metres Not specified
metres
OM3(50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 300 metres 100 metres
metres
OM4 (50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 500 metres 150 metres
metres
OS1 (9/125) 2km – 40km 2km – 40km 2km – 40km Not specified
(singlemode)
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12. Common Fibre Connections
• SC - Subscriber Connector / Square Connector
• ST - Straight Through / Straight Tip
• MTRJ - Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
• LC - Local Connector / Little Connector / Lucent Connector
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13. Data Cabinets
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