1. CONCLUSION
An approach is a theory about learning and teaching at the same time a Method is the
practical realization of an approach, to teach we follow a procedure that is based in
techniques that is the way a teacher teaches something.
We realized our project at EST #62 and in our observation class we observed the next
methods and techniques.
At the first time the teacher starts the class using chunks (I agree and I disagree) for this
reason he used THE LEXICAL APPROACH.
The teacher asked to the ss that work in teams and give them a work sheet to complete it,
the teacher tried to speak in English all the time but the students cannot do it, they answer
in English just using easy phrases, the teacher used comprehensible input but according
to their level the students cannot produce a lot of language he asked them i+1 that means
the input is a little more difficult that they can understand. According to this he tried to use
the COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING.
At the same time the teacher used the TBL he situates the student in the context paly
them a video about importance of money and using it they can agree or disagree
according to this topic, he prepared the ss (pre-task) after that the teacher gave to the
students a work sheet to create their own opinion about the main topic using agreement
and disagreement , to finish it the teacher ask to the ss to share that they wrote in the
worksheet, they read aloud their opinion (post task).
We think that the best theoretical approach to learn and acquire a language is the
Constructivism theory using the Communicative approach and the Silent method, because
the teacher use comprehensible input and focus in achievement, at the same time, the
silent method is a good method to teach a language because the students do all the
production.
The group that we had observe were from the third grade from middle school from the
ages of 15-16 according to Freud they are in the Genital stage, this theory says that at this
stage the adolescents have strong sexual interest, we can see that the some boys in the
class was sitting with 2 girls that look highly developed according their age.
According to James Marcia the students that we observed are in Moratorium because they
are searching their identity and haven’t made any commitment.The adolescent moratorium
is defined as a developmental period during which commitments have not yet been made
or are rather exploratory and tentative. However, there are many crises and many
unresolved questions.There is an active struggle to find an answer, explore, search,
experiment, try out different roles, and play the field. It is in this sense that the moratorium
is considered the adolescent issue par excellence

2. Jean Piaget said that persons between adolescence and adulthood are in the Formal
Operational stage according to his theory “Cognitive development”, the students that we
observe are 15-16 years old so that they are in this stage, They can think about multiple
variables in systematic ways, formulate hypotheses, and consider possibilities. They also
can ponder abstract relationships and concepts such as justice. The teacher tried to make
them think and consider possibilities according agreeing and disagreeing; he situated them
in their stage.
Kohlberg said that Morality is an idea of justice that is primitive, undifferentiated, and
egocentric in young children. This becomes more sophisticated and social as the
adolescent moves through specific stages of moral thinking; it may reach, in some
individuals, an awareness of universal values and ethical principles (Muuss, 1975, p.311).
The adolescent peer group is particularly influential as a model in the use of verbal
expressions, hair style, clothing, food, music and entertainment preferences, as well as in
regard to decisions related to rapidly changing social values (Brittain, 1963, as cited in
Muuss, 1975, p.236).The students that we observe are in Conventional (good boy good
girl) because they make decisions based on what actions will please others especially
authority figures or individuals with high status like the teacher, principal or popular
classmates. They want to maintain relationships and they take other people's perspectives
and intentions into account when making decisions.
Anna Freud was Sigmund Freud daughter, she became at very least her father´s symbolic
successor, She creates the Defense mechanisms stages, the students that we observe
are in the level two, they overuse of the defense mechanisms leads to social undesirability
and immaturity. They attribute uncomfortable feelings to others, we observed that the
teacher scolded a student and the first reaction for the student was “No teacher, Jose
talked to me first”. We observed to the rationalization they justify their behaviors false but
credible, even they were doing something wrong they looked for a good justification that
make them safe to a punishment.