Everything About Bluetooth (淺談藍牙 4.0) - Peripheral 篇
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2016.01.22 @ Android Taipei 講解 Bluetooth 的 GATT 的概念，並以 Android 實作 Example code: Peripheral - BLE CPU Temp https://github.com/j796160836/Ble-CPUTemp-Android Central - BLE Temperature Receiver https://github.com/j796160836/BleTemperatureReceiver-Android
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Everything About Bluetooth (淺談藍牙 4.0) - Peripheral 篇
- 1. EVERYTHING ABOUT BLUETOOTH Johnny Sung 02. Peripheral mode in Android
- 2. https://fb.com/j796160836 Johnny Sung Mobile devices Developer https://plus.google.com/+JohnnySung http://about.me/j796160836
- 5. (Samsung S6 Edge) Peripheral Central (LG Nexus 5)
- 7. 2.0 2.0 + 4.0 Dual Mode 4.0 Bluetooth SMART READYBluetooth Bluetooth SMART
- 8. Bluetooth low energy Protocol Stack
- 9. • Peripheral • Central • Broadcaster • Observer GAP Roles
- 13. GATT
- 14. • Service • Characteristic • Data • Descriptor GATT
- 15. • Heart Rate Service • Heart Rate Measurement • Data • Descriptor 00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB GATT Heart Rate Monitor 0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB Property: Notify
- 16. Property: Indicate • Health Thermometer • Temperature Measurement • Data • Descriptor GATT Health Thermometer 00001809-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB 00002A1C-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
- 17. • Read • Write • Notify • Indicate Characteristic Properties
- 19. • an indicate operation is identical to a notify operation except that indications are acknowledged, while notifications are not. Notify vs Indicate http://mbientlab.com/blog/bluetooth-low-energy-introduction/
- 25. Property: Indicate • Health Thermometer • Temperature Measurement • Data • Descriptor GATT Health Thermometer 00001809-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB 00002A1C-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
- 27. • Central • Android 4.3 (API Level 18) • Peripheral • Android 5.0 (API Level 21) • Specific BLE chip Requirement in Android
- 28. What? Specific BLE chip ?
- 30. BluetoothManager manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); BluetoothAdapter adapter = manager.getAdapter(); adapter.isMultipleAdvertisementSupported(); Check if devices support Peripheral mode
- 32. PERIPHERAL
- 33. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> Bluetooth permissions AndroidManifest.xml
- 34. Bluetooth permissions Check system feature getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE) @Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode , int resultCode, Intent data) { if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) { if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { // Bluetooth has turned on } else { // User did not enable Bluetooth or an error occurred } } } Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); Request to enable Bluetooth
- 35. BluetoothGattService hrmService = new BluetoothGattService(SERVICE_HEALTH_THERMOMETER_UUID, BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY); BluetoothGattCharacteristic tempChar = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(CHAR_TEMP_UUID, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ); tempChar.addDescriptor(new BluetoothGattDescriptor( UUID.fromString("00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"), (BluetoothGattDescriptor.PERMISSION_READ | BluetoothGattDescriptor.PERMISSION_WRITE))); hrmService.addCharacteristic(tempChar); Prepare service structure Health Thermometer 2A1C 1809
- 36. AdvertiseData.Builder datas = new AdvertiseData.Builder(); AdvertiseSettings.Builder settings = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder(); datas.addServiceUuid(new ParcelUuid(hrmService.getUuid())); BluetoothLeAdvertiser advertiser = adapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser(); advertiser.startAdvertising(settings.build(), datas.build(), advertiseCallback); BluetoothManager manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); BluetoothAdapter adapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); BluetoothGattServer gattServer = manager.openGattServer(context, gattServerCallback); gattServer.addService(hrmService); Open server Advertise to others
- 37. AdvertiseCallback advertiseCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() { @Override public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) { // ... } @Override public void onStartFailure(int errorCode) { // ... } }; Advertise callback
- 38. private HashSet<BluetoothDevice> bleDevices = new HashSet<>(); private final BluetoothGattServerCallback gattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) { super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState); if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED) { // Connect bleDevices.add(device); } else if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { // Disconnect bleDevices.remove(device); } } else { // Disconnect with error bleDevices.remove(device); } } // ... (略) }; Handle device connect
- 39. private final BluetoothGattServerCallback gattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() { // ... (略) @Override public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { // ... gattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue()); } // ... (略) }; Reading Characteristic
- 40. Writing Characteristic http://developer.android.com/reference/android/bluetooth/ BluetoothGattServerCallback.html#onCharacteristicWriteRequest(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, int, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, boolean, boolean, int, byte[]) private final BluetoothGattServerCallback gattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() { // ... (略) @Override public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) { // ... ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value); buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); characteristic.setValue(buffer.getInt(), BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16, 0); if (responseNeeded) { gattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, 0, null); } } // ... (略) };
- 41. private final BluetoothGattServerCallback mGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() { // ... (略) @Override public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) { super.onDescriptorWriteRequest(device, requestId, descriptor, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value); if (responseNeeded) { gattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, 0, null); } } // ... (略) }; Writing Descriptor
- 42. public void sendNotificationToDevices( BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { boolean indicate = (characteristic.getProperties() & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE) == BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE; for (BluetoothDevice device : bleDevices) { gattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(device, characteristic, indicate); } } Send Characteristic Notify
- 43. Q&A
- 45. The story About Nexus 5
- 49. We introduced BLE peripheral mode in Android 5.0 Lollipop. Nexus 6 and Nexus 9 are the first two production Nexus devices that support BLE peripheral mode. Due to hardware chipset dependency, older Nexus devices (4/5/7) will not have access to the feature on Lollipop. #52 Won’t Fix