The document discusses different types of batteries including traditional batteries, spin batteries, and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs). A traditional battery uses chemical reactions between electrodes to generate electrical current. A spin battery stores energy in magnets using nanomagnets and magnetic tunnel junctions to induce an electromotive force and spin-polarized current. A VRB stores energy in two electrolyte solutions containing vanadium particles and sulfuric acid that are pumped between tanks and undergo redox reactions through a proton exchange membrane to store and release large amounts of electricity.

1. Presented by:
•Janine V. Samelo
BSChem 2

2. Battery
A can full of chemicals that produce electrons
When the electrodes are connected to a device to be
powered, a chemical reaction occurs.
Chemical reactions generate energy that allows
electrical current to flow

3. Battery with a twist:
Spin Battery
 Developed in University of Miami in US and
universities of Tokyo and Tohoku in Japan
 It stores energy in magnets
Nanomagnets- used to induce electromotive force
 Magnetic tunnel Junction- it is where magnetic energy
is converted directly into electrical energy
 Electrical current made in the process is called
spin-polarized current.

4. It uses spintronics where
the electron’s spin as well as its
charge is taken into account.
Spin battery can be charged
by applying a large magnetic
field in the magnetic tunnel
junction.
Large magnetic field Large
energy
Spin battery can be used for
creation of faster, cheaper
computer hard drives with no
moving parts.
Can also be used to power
cars

5. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB)
Invented in The University of New South Wales in
Australia
Uses an electrolyte where energy is stored and cell
stack where energy conversion takes place.
Stores energy in two electrolyte solutions:
1. sulfuric acid
2. emulsified vanadium particles
Stores energy in two tanks: bigger tanks larger
energy
Solutions are pumped to opposite sides of the cell that
are separated by a polymer membrane.
They flow toward the proton exchange membrane
where redox reaction between the electrolytes occur.

6. During the cycle, hydrogen
ions are exchanged between
two tanks.
VRB can recharge and
discharged several times w/o
wearing out the electrolyte.
Can store, absorb and release
big amounts of electricity
easily.
Alternative power to solar and
wind farms

7. Why Vanadium?
 The four oxidation states (+2, +3, +4, +5) carries
different amounts of electric charge
 Can be used for both positive (anode) and negative
(cathode) solutions.
 Vanadium solutions have indefinite life, so it can be
continuously used and reused

8. References:
 Bato Balani ISSN 0117-7050 vol.29 No. 3
 Bato Balani ISSN 0117-7052 vol.29 No. 4
 www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/uom-
uom_1031109.php
 www.physics.umd.edu/rgroups/spin/intro.html
 www.allaboutbatteries.com/VRB.html
 www.electricitystorage.org/search/results/3603ae81d4
ca91eb016e4d849142623e