Loadline

D1MC Semester 1 / Survey & Maintenance / January 2009 /Topic 3 – LOADLINE 1
To Be A World Class Maritime Academy
International Convention on
Load Line Rules 1966
Prepared by:
ABDUL JABBAR KHAN
PANDIARAJ A/L RETENAM

International Convention on Load
Lines 1966
Adoption: 5 April 1966; Entry into force: 21 July 1968
The first International Convention on Load Lines, adopted in
1930, was based on the principle of reserve buoyancy,
although it was recognized then that the freeboard should also
ensure adequate stability and avoid excessive stress on the
ship's hull as a result of overloading.
In the 1966 Load Lines convention, adopted by IMO,
provisions are made determining the freeboard of ships by
subdivision and damage stability calculations.

The Convention includes three annexes.
Annex I is divided into four Chapters:
Chapter I - General;
Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard;
Chapter III - Freeboards;
Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber
freeboards.
Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods.
Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load
Line Certificate.
Various amendments were adopted in 1971, 1975, 1979, and
1983 but they required positive acceptance by two-thirds of
Parties and never came into force.

Application
• Convention shall apply to ships engaged on
international voyages, except:
* warships;
* new ships of less than 24 metres in length;
* existing ships of less than 150 tons gross;
* pleasure yachts not engaged in trade, and;
* fishing vessels.

Repairs, alterations and
modifications
1. A ship which undergoes repairs, alterations, modifications
and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at
least the requirements previously applicable to the ship. An
existing ship in such a case shall not, as a rule, comply to a lesser
extent with the requirements for a new ship than it did before.
2. Repairs, alterations and modifications of a major character and
outfitting related thereto should meet the requirements for a new
ship in so far as the Administration deems reasonable and
practicable.

Assignment of Freeboard
The surveyor provides the Assigning Authority with it report,
which gives the results of the survey, and if that proves
satisfactory freeboards are assigned to the ship. The owner is
then given particulars of the freeboards assigned and the
positions in which Load Lines, the Deck line and the load line
mark to be actually marked. The owner is also given two
copies of the surveyor's report and is issued with a 'Load Line
Certificate’.

Load line Certificate
• A Load Lines Certificates is valid for not more than 5 years after the
date of completion of the survey, subject to annual endorsements
(Annual survey) within 3 months either way of each anniversary
date of the certificate. This to ensure that alterations have not been
made to the hull or superstructures which would affect the
calculation determining the position of the Load Line and so as to
ensure the maintenance in an effective condition of fittings and
appliances for:
1. Protection of openings.
2. Guard rails
3. Freeing port, and
4. Means of access to crews’ quarters.

Issue of certificates
1. An International Load Line Certificate (1966)
shall be issued to every ship which has been
surveyed and marked in accordance with the
present Convention.
2. Such certificates shall be issued by the
Administration or by any person or organization
duly authorized by it. In every case, the
Administration assumes full responsibility for
the certificate.

Load line Certificate
The authority may cancel a certificate if:
1. The ship does not comply with the conditions of assignment.
2. The structural strength of the ship is lowered to an unsafe
standard (that makes the ship unsafe)
3. The information on which the freeboards were assigned was
incorrect
4. A new certificate is issued
5. The ship ceases to be registered in the country (Malaysia)
6. The ship is not periodically inspected (the survey not done or
defects not corrected).

Suspension
1. In case of hostilities or other extraordinary circumstances which
affect the vital interests of a State the Government of which is a
Contracting Government, that Government may suspend the
operation of the whole or any part of the present Convention. The
suspending Government shall immediately give notice of any such
suspension to the Organization.
2. Such suspension shall not deprive other Contracting
Governments of any right of control under the present Convention
over the ships of the suspending Government when such ships are
within their ports.
3. The suspending Government may at any time terminate such
suspension and shall immediately give notice of such termination
to the Organization.
4. The Organization shall notify all Contracting Governments of
any suspension or termination of suspension under this Article.

Surveys and inspections
• (a) An initial survey before the ship is put in service, which
shall include a complete inspection of its structure and
equipment in so far as the ship is covered by the present
Convention. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the
arrangements, materials and scantlings fully comply with
the requirements of the present Convention.
• (b) A renewal survey at intervals specified by the
Administration but not exceeding five years, which shall
be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment,
arrangements, materials and scantlings fully comply with
the requirements of the present Convention.

Deck Line (Regulation 4)
• The deck line is a horizontal line 300 mm in length and 25
mm in breadth. It shall be marked amidships on each side
of the ship, and its upper edge shall normally pass through
the point where the continuation outwards of the upper
surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of
the shell plating

However, the deck line may be placed with reference to
another fixed point on the ship on condition that the freeboard
is correspondingly corrected and that the reference point
location and the identification of the freeboard deck is
clearly indicated on the International Load Line Certificate.
This is typical in the case of a ship having a radiused
sheerstrake (rounded gunwale)

Regulation 5
Load Line Mark
The Load Line Mark shall consist of a ring 300 mm
in outside diameter and 25 mm wide which is
intersected by a horizontal line 450 mm in length and
25 mm in breadth, the upper edge of which passes
through the centre of the ring. The centre of the ring
shall be placed amidships and at a distance equal to
the assigned summer freeboard measured vertically
below the upper edge of the deck line.

Load Line Mark
300 mm
450 mm
25 mm

Minimum free boards are assigned so that a vessel remain
seaworthy when loaded and to provide reserve buoyancy so
that:
1. The vessel will not be in danger of foundering in heavy seas
2. In the event of major damage the vessel will still remain
afloat or will sink slowly enough so as to enable the crew to
get clear
International convention has divided the world into zones the
least dangerous 'Tropical' zone and the most dangerous 'winter,
North Atlantic'. The winter in the North Atlantic is notoriously
rugged and so that is where the ship needs the greatest amount
of intact space above the waterline.

Load line Zones
• The seasonal zones, areas and periods that determine the
appropriate load line in a particular sea area at a given time of
year are by way of the chart.
• The Tropical, Summer and Winter freeboard zones are based
upon the following weather criteria:
• Summer Zones – Regions where not more than 10% of wind
speeds exceed force 8 Beaufort (34 knots).
• Tropical Zones – Regions where not more than 1% of wind
speeds exceed force 8 Beaufort (34 knots) and not more than
one tropical storm in a ten-year period occurs in an area of 5º
latitude/longitude square in any one separate calendar month.
• Winter Zones – Are all other regions.

• Tropical Zone: - The permanent tropical is colored 'green' on
the zone chart, the boundary north and south of it may be seen
on the zone chart. The ships are allowed to load up to tropical
Load line when they are in this zone through out the year.
• Seasonal Tropical or Summer Zones or Areas: - these zone
or areas are found on the zone chart with 'Light Green colors',
which lies between the permanent tropical, and summer zones.
The ships loading in these areas are required to load according
to the" season. Seasonal period for this is as:

Regulation 10
Information to be supplied to the master
(1) The master of every new ship shall be supplied with sufficient
information, in an approved form, to enable him to arrange for the
loading and ballasting of his ship in such a way as to avoid the
creation of any unacceptable stresses in the ship's structure,
provided that this requirement need not apply to any particular
length, design or class of ship where the Administration considers
it to be unnecessary.
(2) The master of every new ship which is not already provided with
stability information under an international convention for the
safety of life at sea in force shall be supplied with sufficient
information in an approved form to give him guidance as to the
stability of the ship under varying conditions of service, and a
copy shall be furnished to the Administration.

Preparation for loadline survey
1) Check that all access openings at ends of enclosed structures
are in good conditions. All dogs, clamps and hinges to be
free and well greased. All gaskets and water-tight seals
should be crack free. Ensure that the doors open from both
sides
2) Check all cargo hatches and access to holds for weather
tightness
3) Check the efficiency and securing of portable beams
4) If portable wooden hatch covers are used check that they are
in good condition
5) If tarpaulins are used at least two should be provided for
each hatch and in good condition

6) Inspect all machinery space opening on exposed
deck
7) Check that any manholes and flush scuttles are
capable of being made watertight
8) Check that all ventilator openings are provided with
efficient weather tight closing appliance
9) All air pipe should be provided with satisfactory
means for closing and opening
10) Inspect any cargo ports below the freeboard deck
and ensure that all of them are watertight

11) Ensure that non return valves on overboard valves
are operating in a satisfactory manner
12) Side scuttles and openings below the freeboard
deck must have efficient internal watertight
deadlights
13) Check that all freeing ports are in satisfactory
conditions
14) All guard-rails and bulwarks should be satisfactory
condition
15) De rust and paint the deck line, loadline marks, load
line and the draught marks

THANK YOU

Loadline

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