Slides used by James Nottingham for parents evenings at Yinnar Primary School, Melbourne Grammar School, and Scots College.

1. Helping Children Learn www.jamesnottingham.co.uk

3. Scottish National Football Team

4. Praise that can do more harm than good Clever girl! Gifted musician Brilliant mathematician Bright boy Top of the class! By far the best

5. Carol Dweck www.carol-dweck.co.uk

6. The effects of different types of praise Mueller and Dweck, 1998 In six studies, 7th grade students were given a series of nonverbal IQ tests.

7. Mueller and Dweck, 1998 Intelligence praise “Wow, that’s a really good score. You must be smart at this.” Process praise “Wow, that’s a really good score. You must have tried really hard.” Control-group praise “Wow, that’s a really good score.”

8. Number of problems solved on a 3rd test

9. Boys get 8 times more criticism than girls

10. The effects of praise Swimming “You do your best swimming when you concentrate and try your best to do what Chris is asking you to do” Ballet “What a brilliant ballerina you are!” A new Dawn (Fraser) ?

11. Number of children who lied about their score

12. John Hattie’s Visible Learning (2009)

13. We praise children when they get 10 out of 10 10/10

14. Praise can make children afraid to try Our praise often teaches children that easy success means they are intelligent and, by implication, that errors and effort mean they are not. Prof Carol Dweck, Mindset

15. Comparing test scores 92 85 73 64 43 32 90 86 78 70 41 35 90 85 84 78 40 34

16. By the time they start school Some children start school knowing 6,000 words. Others, just 500 words. Source: BBC 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8013859.stm

17. 500 words at age 5 Exam Pass Rates in UK 6000 words at age 5 100% 97% 73% 75% 50% 21% 0% National Tests for 16 year olds National Tests for 11 year olds

18. Does Australia do any better?

19. The Learning Challenge Concept Conflict Clarity 1 2 Confusion The Pit 107

20. A selection of thinking skills GROUP HYPOTHESISE IDENTIFY INFER INTERPRET ORGANISE PARAPHRASE PREDICT QUESTION RANK REPRESENT RESPOND SEQUENCE SIMPLIFY SHOW HOW SOLVE SORT SUMMARISE SUPPORT TEST VERIFY VISUALISE ANALYSE ANTICIPATE APPLY CAUSAL-LINK CHOOSE CLASSIFY COMPARE CONNECT CONTRAST DECIDE DEFINE DESCRIBE DETERMINE DISCUSS ELABORATE ESTIMATE EVALUATE EXEMPLIFY EXPLORE GENERALISE GIVE EXAMPLES GIVE REASONS 76

21. Eureka moments come from challenge Eureka! Concept Conflict Construct Clarity 1 Confusion 3 2 The Pit 116

22. Contact Details www.jamesnottingham.co.uk