High speed electrical machine

1. High-Speed Electrical Machine with Active
Magnetic Bearing System Optimization
Presentation by :
Shiju Prakash. J
Roll no :54
Register no :2030344
Guide :Tony k John

2. WELCOME

3. Abstract
• High-speed (HS) electrical machines provide high system efficiency,
compact design, and low material consumption.
• Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) bring additional benefits to the HS
system, such as elimination of the friction losses, reduced wear and
maintenance, and a built-in monitoring system.
• This paper describes a design method of the HS electrical machine
supported by AMBs, considering their mutual influence on the system
performance.
• The optimization procedure, which takes into account both the
electrical machine and bearing designs, is developed.
• The optimization is based on a multi objective genetic algorithm.
• The results of the proposed optimization algorithm are implemented
in the constructed 350-kW, 15 000-r/min induction machine with a
solid rotor supported by AMBs.
• The prototype tests verify the design and optimization results.
• Index Terms—AC machine, active magnetic bearings (AMBs),
electrical design, high-speed (HS) drive, induction machines,
mechanical design, rotating machines

4. Introduction
• High-speed electrical machines are electric motors or generators that operate at high speeds, typically above
10,000 rpm.
• These machines are used in a variety of applications, including aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors.
• There are several types of high-speed electrical machines, including synchronous machines and asynchronous
machines.
• High-speed electrical machines are designed to operate at high speeds in order to achieve high power densities
and high power-to-weight ratios.
• However, the high rotational speeds of these machines also present challenges, such as the need for specialized
bearings and the need to address issues related to high-frequency electrical and mechanical losses.

5. Importance
• Active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems are used in high-speed electrical machines
to support the rotating shaft and provide a frictionless interface between the shaft
and the stationary housing.
• There are several advantages to using AMB systems in high-speed electrical
machines: Frictionless operation: AMB systems do not have any mechanical contact
between the shaft and the housing, which means that there is no friction or wear.
• This results in a longer service life for the machine and reduced maintenance
requirements.
• High-speed operation: AMB systems can support high rotational speeds, making
them suitable for use in high-speed electrical machines.
• High reliability: AMB systems do not rely on mechanical components, such as
bearings, which can wear out or fail.
• This makes AMB systems more reliable than machines equipped with mechanical
bearings.
• Overall, AMB systems are an important component of high-speed electrical
machines because they enable the machines to operate at high speeds and achieve
high power densities and power-to-weight ratios, while also providing a frictionless
interface and high accuracy and reliability.

6. How AMB systems work
• Active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems use electromagnets to generate a magnetic field
that supports the rotating shaft and allows it to rotate freely.
• The AMB system consists of several components, including: Electromagnets: These are
located on the stationary housing and are used to generate the magnetic field that
supports the shaft.
• Sensors: These are used to measure the position and orientation of the shaft.
• Control system: This is used to control the electromagnets based on the input from the
sensors.
• To support the shaft, the AMB system generates a magnetic field that opposes the
gravitational force acting on the shaft.
• The strength and direction of the magnetic field is controlled by the control system, which
adjusts the current supplied to the electromagnets based on the input from the sensors.
• As the shaft rotates, the sensors continuously measure the position and orientation of the
shaft and send this information to the control system.
• This process is repeated continuously, allowing the AMB system to support the shaft and
enable it to rotate freely.

7. Advantages
of AMB
systems over
mechanical
bearings
• There are several advantages to using active magnetic bearing (AMB)
systems over mechanical bearings in high-speed electrical machines:
Frictionless operation: AMB systems do not have any mechanical
contact between the shaft and the housing, which means that there is
no friction or wear.
• This results in a longer service life for the machine and reduced
maintenance requirements.
• High-speed operation: AMB systems can support high rotational
speeds, making them suitable for use in high-speed electrical machines.
• High reliability: AMB systems do not rely on mechanical components,
such as bearings, which can wear out or fail.
• This makes AMB systems more reliable than machines equipped with
mechanical bearings.
• Versatility: AMB systems can be used in a wide range of applications,
including aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors.
• Overall, AMB systems offer several advantages over mechanical
bearings, including frictionless operation, high-speed operation, high
accuracy, high reliability, and versatility.
• These characteristics make AMB systems an attractive option for use in
high-speed electrical machines.

8. Disadvantages of AMB systems
Although active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems have several advantages over mechanical bearings, there are also some disadvantages
to consider:Cost: AMB systems are typically more expensive than mechanical bearings, due to the cost of the electromagnets and the
control system.
Power requirements: AMB systems require a power supply to energize the electromagnets.
Sensitivity to electrical interference: AMB systems are sensitive to electrical interference, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of
the system.
Limited load capacity: AMB systems are typically limited in the amount of load they can support.
Complexity: AMB systems are more complex than mechanical bearings, which can make them more difficult to design and maintain.
Overall, while AMB systems offer several advantages over mechanical bearings, they also have some disadvantages that need to be
considered when evaluating their suitability for a particular application.

9. Factors to consider when optimizing AMB
systems
• There are several factors to consider when optimizing active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems for use in
high-speed electrical machines: Load capacity: The AMB system should be able to support the load
required by the application.
• This will typically depend on the power density and power-to-weight ratio required by the application.
• Power consumption: The AMB system should have a low power consumption in order to minimize
energy costs and extend the operating life of the machine.
• Cost: The AMB system should be cost-effective, with a balance between initial cost and long-term
operational costs.
• Environmental factors: The AMB system should be able to operate effectively in the specific
environmental conditions of the application, including temperature, humidity, and vibration.
• By considering these factors, it is possible to optimize the AMB system for a specific application and
achieve the best performance and cost-effectiveness.

10. Techniques
for optimizing
AMB systems
• There are several techniques that can be used to optimize active
magnetic bearing (AMB) systems for use in high-speed electrical
machines: Model-based optimization: This involves using mathematical
models to optimize the design and control of the AMB system.
• Experimental optimization: This involves building and testing
prototypes of the AMB system in order to optimize the design and
control.
• This can be done using a variety of techniques, such as design of
experiments (DOE) or evolutionary algorithms.
• Fault-tolerant control: This involves designing the control system to be
able to detect and respond to faults, such as a malfunctioning
electromagnet or sensor.
• This can improve the reliability of the AMB system.
• This can reduce the cost and complexity of the AMB system.
• Hybrid control: This involves using a combination of different control
techniques, such as model-based control and experimental
optimization, to achieve the best performance and cost-effectiveness.
• By using these techniques, it is possible to optimize the AMB system for
a specific application and achieve the best performance and cost-
effectiveness.

11. Examples of
optimized
AMB systems
in high-speed
electrical
machines
• There are several examples of optimized AMB (air-gap
magnetic bias) systems in high-speed electrical machines:
High-speed permanent magnet generators: In these
generators, the AMB is optimized to minimize the air-gap
magnetic field distortion, which can improve the efficiency and
output power of the generator.
• High-speed electric motors: In high-speed electric motors, the
AMB is optimized to minimize the cogging torque, which can
improve the smoothness and efficiency of the motor.
• High-speed alternators: In high-speed alternators, the AMB is
optimized to minimize the harmonics in the generated voltage,
which can improve the power quality of the alternator.
• Overall, optimizing the AMB in high-speed electrical machines
can lead to improved performance and efficiency, as well as
enhanced reliability and durability.

12. Applications
• High-speed electrical machines with optimized AMB systems have a wide range of
industrial applications, including:
• Pumping systems: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be
used to drive pumps in various industrial applications, such as water treatment
plants, oil and gas industries, and chemical processing plants.
• Compressors: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used
to drive compressors in various industrial applications, such as air conditioning
systems, refrigeration systems, and natural gas pipelines.
• Fans and blowers: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be
used to drive fans and blowers in various industrial applications, such as ventilation
systems, air handling systems, and dust collection systems.
• Conveyor systems: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be
used to drive conveyor belts in various industrial applications, such as material
handling systems, assembly lines, and packaging systems.
• Cranes and hoists: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be
used to drive cranes and hoists in various industrial applications, such as construction
sites, ports, and warehouses.
• Power generation: High-speed generators with optimized AMB systems can be used
in various industrial applications, such as power plants, renewable energy systems,
and emergency backup systems.
• Overall, high-speed electrical machines with optimized AMB systems can play a
crucial role in a wide range of industrial applications, providing reliable and efficient
power for various processes and systems.

13. Contd..
• High-speed electrical machines with optimized AMB systems have a wide range of aerospace and defense applications, including:
Aircraft propulsion: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive aircraft propulsion systems, such
as turboprop engines and electric aircraft propulsion systems.
• Missiles and rockets: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive the propulsion systems of
missiles and rockets, as well as to power various onboard systems.
• Satellites: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive the propulsion systems of satellites, as
well as to power various onboard systems, such as solar panels and communication equipment.
• Spacecraft: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive the propulsion systems of spacecraft, as
well as to power various onboard systems, such as solar panels and communication equipment.
• Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive the propulsion
systems of UAVs, such as drones, as well as to power various onboard systems.
• Military vehicles: High-speed electric motors with optimized AMB systems can be used to drive the propulsion systems of military
vehicles, such as tanks and armored personnel carriers, as well as to power various onboard systems.
• Overall, high-speed electrical machines with optimized AMB systems can play a crucial role in a wide range of aerospace and
defense applications, providing reliable and efficient power for various systems and platforms.

14. Conclusion
• The future outlook for AMB (air-gap magnetic bias)-equipped high-speed
electrical machines is very positive, as these machines offer a number of
benefits that make them well-suited for a wide range of applications.
• Some of the key factors driving the growth of AMB-equipped high-speed
electrical machines include: Increased efficiency: AMB-equipped high-speed
electrical machines offer improved efficiency compared to conventional
machines, which can lead to reduced energy costs and a smaller carbon
footprint.
• Enhanced performance: AMB-equipped high-speed electrical machines offer
enhanced performance, including improved power density and torque density,
which can make them well-suited for a wide range of applications.
• Overall, the future outlook for AMB-equipped high-speed electrical machines is
very positive, and it is likely that these machines will continue to see
widespread adoption in a variety of applications.

15. References
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Boglietti, “High-speed electrical machines: Technologies, trends, and de-
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Jun. 2014.
[2] L. Papini, T. Raminosoa, D. Gerada, and C. Gerada, “A high-speed
permanent-magnet machine for fault-tolerant drivetrains,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 3071–3080, Jun. 2014.
[3] G. Schweitzer and E. H. Maslen, Magnetic Bearings, E. H. Maslen and
G. Schweitzer, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2009.
[4] C. Peng, J. Sun, X. Song, and J. Fang, “Frequency varying current harmon-
ics elimination for active magnetic bearing system via multiple resonant
controllers,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 517–5

16. Thank You