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The Integumentary System Chapter 5
 
The skin and its parts  (sweat & oil glands,  hair, and nails)  make up a complex  set of organs, forming the  integumentary   system .
The most important function is protection, and it does this by: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The skin has several types of sensory receptors that allow sensations like… Pressure Heat Cold Pain
The integument  (Latin, “ covering ”)  accounts for  ~7% of body weight.
Skin varies in  thickness from  1.5 – 4.0 (or more)  millimeters thick.
Composed of 2 distinct regions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Just under the skin is the  hypodermis , or superficial fascia.  It isn’t part of the skin, but it shares some of its function.   It consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue, and it serves as a shock absorber and an insulator.
 
Epidermis The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of 4 distinct cell types and 4-5 distinct layers.
Cell Types Keratinocytes Melanocytes Merkel Cells Langerhans' Cells
Keratinocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Keratinocytes (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Melanocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Langerhans’ Cells ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Merkel Cells ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Layers of the Epidermis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Layers of the Epidermis Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer) Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
 
Stratum Basale  (Basal Layer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stratum Spinosum  (Prickly Layer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Dermis AKA “Hide”
Dermis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Papillary Layer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reticular Layer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Homeostatic Imbalances ,[object Object]
Skin Color
Three pigments contribute to  skin color: Melanin Carotene Hemoglobin
Melanin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Melanin (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carotene ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hemoglobin ,[object Object],[object Object]
Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin Color ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Imbalances (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Appendages of the Skin
 
Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eccrine Sweat Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Apocrine Sweat Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ceruminous Glands ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mammary Glands ,[object Object]
 
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sebaceous Glands (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Hair and Hair Follicles The main function of body hair is to sense insects.  The hair on the scalp guards against head trauma, heat loss, and sunlight.  Eyelashes shield eyes and nose hairs filter the air.
Hair (Pili) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Hair Follicles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nails ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Functions of the Integumentary System
Protection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protection (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Body Temperature Regulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cutaneous Sensation ,[object Object]
Metabolic Functions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Reservoir  ,[object Object]
Excretion ,[object Object]
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basal Cell Carcinoma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Melanoma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Melanoma
The ABCD rule is to be used by individuals exposed to the sun on a regular basis. Asymmetry Border Irregularities Color Diameter
Burns
Burns ,[object Object],[object Object]
Rule of Nines ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Burns (con’t) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Burn Classifications
1 st  Degree Burns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 nd  Degree Burns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 rd  Degree Burns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Burns are critical if: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The Integumentary System

  • 2.  
  • 3. The skin and its parts (sweat & oil glands, hair, and nails) make up a complex set of organs, forming the integumentary system .
  • 4.
  • 5. The skin has several types of sensory receptors that allow sensations like… Pressure Heat Cold Pain
  • 6. The integument (Latin, “ covering ”) accounts for ~7% of body weight.
  • 7. Skin varies in thickness from 1.5 – 4.0 (or more) millimeters thick.
  • 8.
  • 9. Just under the skin is the hypodermis , or superficial fascia. It isn’t part of the skin, but it shares some of its function. It consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue, and it serves as a shock absorber and an insulator.
  • 10.  
  • 11. Epidermis The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of 4 distinct cell types and 4-5 distinct layers.
  • 12. Cell Types Keratinocytes Melanocytes Merkel Cells Langerhans' Cells
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.  
  • 16.
  • 17.  
  • 18.
  • 19.  
  • 20.
  • 21.  
  • 22.
  • 23. Layers of the Epidermis Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer) Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
  • 24.  
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.  
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37. Three pigments contribute to skin color: Melanin Carotene Hemoglobin
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 45.  
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.  
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.  
  • 55. Hair and Hair Follicles The main function of body hair is to sense insects. The hair on the scalp guards against head trauma, heat loss, and sunlight. Eyelashes shield eyes and nose hairs filter the air.
  • 56.
  • 57.  
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.  
  • 61. Functions of the Integumentary System
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 75. The ABCD rule is to be used by individuals exposed to the sun on a regular basis. Asymmetry Border Irregularities Color Diameter
  • 76. Burns
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79.  
  • 80.
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85.
  • 86.