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ANTICIPATION

                                     John Allspaw
                                    SVP, Tech Ops
                              Velocity Europe 2011


Thursday, November 10, 2011
PREPARED?
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
(Anticipation)                          (Response)
                  Knowing        Knowing        Knowing      Knowing
                    What           What          What          What
                  To Expect     To Look For      To Do     Has Happened

                              (Monitoring)                 (Learning)


Thursday, November 10, 2011
(Anticipation)                          (Response)
                  Knowing        Knowing        Knowing      Knowing
                    What           What          What          What
                  To Expect     To Look For      To Do     Has Happened

                              (Monitoring)                 (Learning)


Thursday, November 10, 2011
Design
   Work
   Response
   Learning
Thursday, November 10, 2011
“What could possibly
                   go wrong?”
Thursday, November 10, 2011
REQUISITE
             IMAGINATION
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Architectural reviews
                              Go or No-Go meetings
             “Game Day” exercises
Thursday, November 10, 2011
DESIGN



Thursday, November 10, 2011
Possible
    Foreseeable
    Situations



                            Situations       Situations            Situations
                           Considered By   Considered By         Considered By
                       Novice Designer Average Designer        Expert Designer



                                                       Adamski and Westrum, 2003
Thursday, November 10, 2011
“No problem!

          I design adaptive
          systems.”
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Deepwater
                                Horizon
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Challenger
                                Shuttle
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Adaptive
                              Systems


  Expected
  Variation




Thursday, November 10, 2011
Adaptive
                              Systems


  Expected
  Variation




Thursday, November 10, 2011
Adaptive
                              Systems


  Expected
  Variation




Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

  Expected
  Variation


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
                                                                        Woods, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

  Expected
  Variation


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

            SYSTEMS
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

    NETWORKS
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

                               STAFF
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

                              TOOLS
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

                 FUNDING
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
New Disturbances Compensation is
                                           Arise        Exhausted

                              Disturbance

       ANYTHING
   Target


                                Control
                                  compensation                  decompensation
Thursday, November 10, 2011
WORK



Thursday, November 10, 2011
Predictability


         Given situation
         Given individual
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Uncertainty
                         Of Events

     Unknowable               Unthought-of situations


          Unknown
                                                  Potential situations
              Known
                                     Anticipation Skill
                                                        (Cuvelier and Falzon, 2011)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Uncertainty
                         Of Events

     Unknowable               Unthought-of situations


          Unknown
                                                  Potential situations
              Known
                                     Anticipation Skill
                                                        (Cuvelier and Falzon, 2011)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Uncertainty
                         Of Events

     Unknowable               Unthought-of situations


          Unknown
                                                  Potential situations
              Known
                                     Anticipation Skill
                                                        (Cuvelier and Falzon, 2011)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Uncertainty
                         Of Events
                              Unthought-of
     Unknowable                situations



          Unknown                            Potential
                                             situations
              Known
                                         Anticipation Skill
                                                 (Cuvelier and Falzon, 2011)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
RESPONSE




Thursday, November 10, 2011
RESPONSE




Thursday, November 10, 2011
RESPONSE




Thursday, November 10, 2011
LEARNING




Thursday, November 10, 2011
TIME




Thursday, November 10, 2011
SUCCEED
      MATURELY

Thursday, November 10, 2011
DANGER


Thursday, November 10, 2011
“What an immense mass of evil
          must result...from allowing men
          to assume the right of
          anticipating what may happen.”
                                Leo Tolstoy




Thursday, November 10, 2011
?
 Haphazard                        Paranoid
  Cowboy                          Paralysis

Thursday, November 10, 2011
Sources of
                              Anticipation




   Traumatic                            Mature
   Experience                          Requisite
                                     Imagination
Thursday, November 10, 2011
(Anticipation)                          (Response)
                  Knowing        Knowing        Knowing      Knowing
                    What           What          What          What
                  To Expect     To Look For      To Do     Has Happened

                              (Monitoring)                 (Learning)


Thursday, November 10, 2011
FEAR
Thursday, November 10, 2011
CONFIDENCE
Thursday, November 10, 2011
REQUISITE
             IMAGINATION
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Constant Sense Of
                              UNEASE
Thursday, November 10, 2011
CONFIDENCE
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Homework!
Thursday, November 10, 2011
1. What do you expect to happen?
     2.What might fail during this scenario?



            Homework!
Thursday, November 10, 2011
First:
    individuals



                                Then:
                              As a group



            Homework!
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Expectations?
          Potential failures?
          Group versus individual?
                                     ?
            Homework!
Thursday, November 10, 2011
CONFIDENCE
Thursday, November 10, 2011
The End


Thursday, November 10, 2011
References
            Material in this talk comes from a variety of sources.
            These should be considered mandatory reading for operating and
            designing any complex systems.


      •      Resilience Engineering in Practice, Ashgate (http://bit.ly/t7cnXC )
      •      Ch 10, Handbook of Cognitive Task Design, CRC Press (http://
             amzn.to/s9Qo8n)
      •      Resilience Engineering Perspectives, Ashgate (http://bit.ly/rFVtvo)

Thursday, November 10, 2011

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Anticipation: What Could Possibly Go Wrong?