Human Population Growth
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Learning targets: This presentation will help you understand: (1) The scope of human population growth (2) The effect of population, affluence and technology on the environment (3) Fundamentals of demography (4) The demographic transition (5) Factors that affect population growth (6) Three Technological Eras (7) Basic Concepts of Population Growth (8) Factors Affecting Human Population Size (9) Factors Affecting Birth Rates and Total Fertility Rates (10) Population Movements (11) Population Trend Comparisons (12) Human Population Issues
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Human Population Growth
- 1. Report of Jamaica Olazo
- 2. “the power of population growth is greater than the power of Earth to produce subsistence.” Thomas Malthus ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 3. BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth Biosphere all life on Earth Population: all members of a single species living in a given time and place and actually or potentially interbreeding.
- 4. Species: all individuals that are capable of interbreeding and is made up of populations. Ecosystem: all the interacting populations in a given time and place. Communities: all the organisms and their non- living environment in a defined area. BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 5. Sex Ratio and Age Distribution – together they tell how a population will grow. Sex Ratio – relative number of males and females in a population. Age Distribution – number of individuals of each age in a population. BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 6. DEMOGRAPHY – study of populations, their characteristics and changes. study population size; density and distribution; age structure; sex ratio; Birth rate; Death rate; Immigration and emigration rates Demographers ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 9. Affecting Population SizeHUMAN FACTORS Report of Jamaica Olazo
- 10. 1. Change in population size = (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants) Affect ing Population SizeHUMAN FACTORS
- 12. POPULATION MOVEMENTS Migration – permanent change of residence of a person or group. Emigration – movement of people out of a country. Immigration – movement of people into a country. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 13. Push factors 1. No job opportunities; 2. Poverty; 3. War; and 4. Environmental disasters Circumstances in the country or origin that lead people to emigrate. Pull factors 1. Economic opportunity; 2. Political freedom; and (i.e. Democracy) 3. Better standards of living Conditions in the destination country that make emigration attractive. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 14. 1. Change in population size = (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants) 2. (Crude) Birth rate - the number of individuals born during a specified time interval. Affect ing Population SizeHUMAN FACTORS Natural increase – when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying so the population grows. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 15. 3. (Crude) Death rate - the number of individuals who die during a specified time interval. Affect ing Population SizeHUMAN FACTORS Natural decrease – when the death rate is higher than the birth rate. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 16. Demographic Transition Model - is an important factor in population growth.
- 17. 4. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – the average number of children a woman has during her reproductive years. – Biotic potential: the maximum rate at which a population could increase when birth rate is maximal and death rate minimal. 5. Replacement Fertility - number of children needed to replace everyone in the population. Zero Population Growth: • birth rate = death rate. Affect ing Population SizeHUMAN FACTORS ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 18. Demographics Profile 2013 Philippines (as of July 2013) Worldwide (as of July 2013) Population 7.2 billion Growth Rate 1.84% 1.095% Birth Rate 24.62 births/1,000 18.9 births/1,000 population Death Rate 4.95 deaths/1,000 7.9 deaths/1,000 population Fertility rate 3.1 children born/woman 2.45 children born/woman Infant mortality rate total: 18.19 deaths/1,000 live births total:37.61 deaths/1,000 live births Maternal mortality rate 99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) People living with HIV/AIDS 8,700 (2009 est.) 33.3 million (2009 est.)
- 22. 1.Children in labor force TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 23. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 24. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 25. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization 4.Education level and employment for women TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 26. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization 4.Education level and employment for women 5.Infant mortality rate TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 27. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization 4.Education level and employment for women 5.Infant mortality rate 6.Population’s religious beliefs, customs and traditions TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 28. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization 4.Education level and employment for women 5.Infant mortality rate 6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions 7.Average marrying age TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 29. 1.Children in labor force 2.Cost of raising and educating children 3.Urbanization 4.Education level and employment for women 5.Infant mortality rate 6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions 7.Average marrying age 8.Availability of birth control and abortions TOTAL FERTILITYRates FACTORS AFFECTING Birth
- 30. MEGACITIES
- 31. MEGACITIES As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the Population Reference Bureau. - is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 33. MEGACITIES Rank Megacity Country Population 1 Tokyo Japan 34,800,000 2 Guangzhou China 31,700,000 3 Shanghai China 28,900,000 4 Jakarta Indonesia 26,400,000 5 Seoul South Korea 25,800,000 6 Delhi (India) India 24,000,000 7 Mexico City Mexico 23,800,000 8 Karach Pakistan 23,500,000 9 Manila Philippines 22,200,000 10 New York City United States 21,600,000 11 São Paulo Brazil 21,600,000 12 Mumbai India 21,400,000 13 Beijing China 19,300,000 14 Los Angeles United States 17,200,000 15 Osaka Japan 16,800,000 16 Dhaka Bangladesh 16,300,000 17 Cairo Egypt 16,100,000 18 Kolkata India 16,000,000 19 London United Kingdom 15,500,000 20 Buenos Aires Argentina 14,500,000 21 Bangkok Thailand 14,500,000 22 Istanbul Turkey 14 160 467 23 Lagos Nigeria 13,200,000 24 Tehran Iran 13,200,000
- 35. EXTREME POVERTY Poor Rich 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B $100$10$1
- 36. Riches can reach me! -Moon
- 37. Poor Rich 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B EXTREME POVERTY
- 38. What percent of adults in the world today are literate? 25% 45% 65% 75% Imma winner baby! 75%
- 39. Poor Rich 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B EXTREME POVERTY
- 41. 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B CFC Emission 50% 25% 16% 9%4% 1% Hello! I’m 100% FOSSIL FUEL
- 42. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Low infant mortality rate Life expectancy of 77 years Total fertility rate = 2.0 Per capita GDP = $36,110 Compari sons TREND POPULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES High infant mortality rate Life expectancy of 52 years Total fertility rate = 5.7 Per capita GDP = $800 Developing Countries - also called a less-developed country (LDC),is a nation with a lower living standard, underdeveloped industrial base. Developed Countries - is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 43. THE WEALTH GAP AND POPULATION GROWTH CAUSE CONFLICT The stark contrast between affluent and poor societies causes social and environmental stress. * The richest 20% use 86% of the world’s resources * Leaves 14% of the resources for 80% of the world’s people to share * Tensions between “haves” and “have-not’s” are increasing ReportofJamaicaOlazo
- 45. Major Social Factor Determining Family Size is the ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY • Early marriages foster high fertility rates. • Lack of education opportunities for women reduces their options. • When level of education increases, fertility rates fall. • The most important factor is the ability of women to control the size of their family. • Access to birth control is key
- 47. CAGE PEOPLE IN HONGKONG Cage home refers to a type of residence that is big enough for one bunk bed and surrounded by a metal cage. In 2007, there were approximately 53,200 people living in caged homes. PROBLEMS Safety Unhygienic Limited Space Psychological welfare
- 48. A TRIP TO INDIA Home to 17 per cent of all people in the world.
- 49. of Urban Sprawl Undesirable Impacts
- 50. Lost of crop lands, forest lands, and Wet lands Undesirable Impacts Of Human Sprawl
- 51. Fragmenting fish and wildlife habitats. Undesirable Impacts Of Human Sprawl
- 52. Increased impervious surfaces means more flooding. Undesirable Impacts Of Human Sprawl
- 53. And a larger ecological footprint Benefit is all a matter of one’s Perspective...
- 55. Cutting Global Population Growth • Family planning • Improve health care • Elevate the status of women • Increase education • Involve men in parenting • Reduce poverty • Sustainability • Equal distribution of wealth ReportofJamaicaOlazo
Notes de l'éditeur
- The human population continues to grow rapidly. The fact is, humanity today represents something unprecedented in the history of the world: never before has one species had such a great impact on the environment in such a short time and continued to increase at such a rapid rate. These qualities make the human population the underlying environmental issue.
- Before you start going out and saying “The end is certain!”, realize that people are able to come up with ideas to extend their ability to inhabit this Earth, at least temporarily. More than 200 years ago, Thomas Malthus, an English economist and demographer (population expert), eloquently stated the human population problem.
- Philippines is one of the poorest country in the world. Everything now depends on how much you will earn for living. So how many people now live in poverty specifically in the rural areas? How many of us live like that. I want to show you this chart. Very simple, poor and rich and here we’ll put the 7 billion people in a very simplified way lying out here from the poorest to the richest. Now, how much does the richest billion earn in dollar per day? Let’s take a look here. Then let’s look at the middle billion. How much do they earn in income , just 10. And then let’s go over here to the poorest billion. How much do they get? Well, just one! This is the difference of the world today. And the economists of today, they draw a line which they called as line for extreme poverty. That’s when you can hardly buy food. In short, perte jud lisuda! 1 billion people is clearly below that place and the 2nd billion is somewhere divided on that line and the others are above it. The poorest people. They can hardly afford to buy shoes… and when they get shoes, the next they will do is to buy a bicycle… this is a normal instinct! And after bicycle to a motorbike…and after motorbike, a car! And for the richest billion? They can fly by air on holiday.
- Of course there are much people richer than the airplane people. Some are so rich that they are even contemplating that they should go as tourist out into space. And the difference income of the airplane people to the very rich people is almost as big as it is from the airplane people all the way down to the poorest ones. The most important thing to remember in this chart is this. The problem for us/of the people living 100 dollar a day is when they look down to the lower income ones, they look it as equally poor. They can’t see the difference! They think that everyone is living the same amount of money because they are all poor.
- It is such a huge challenge when we see people are becoming eager to strive in making a living pedaling their way out of extreme poverty. One thing helps! Education is so important for the progress of people and nations. But how many know what has really happen with education?
- Of course! its 75%. The common view about the world is outdated in several decades where the media have missed to communicate. Our world is changing every time. Back to our topic,
- Back to our topic, it takes a hard work for us to get away from it! Our government can help if things like school, health, vaccines, roads, electricity etc. are provided but we can be more successful if we do our part. HARDWORK! It is possible within some decades and yes getting out of poverty is just a beginning. People will continue along the line to a good life. But what does a good life mean?
- For most people in the world. The good life we are striving for means more machines and much more use of energy so does a problem because all these adds to one of the great threats for the future. Severe climate change. 80% of the world still uses fossil fuels and the science shows that our climate may change dramatically in the future because of the carbon dioxide emission from continuing burning of fossil fuels.
- I am not the best person to tell you how bad climate change will be nor I’m a specialists to tell you on how to prevent it. What I can do is to show you a data to make you understand who is the one that emits more CFC’s in our atmosphere. Remember the information provided, from the poorest billion to the riches billion. From the one who can hardly afford shoes to the one who fly with air. Now this shows the total amount of fossil fuel used in the world during one week (Coal, Oil and Natural gas) and the total percent of carbon dioxide. So how much of that is used by the richest billion? Half of it! And the 2nd richest billion? Half of what’s left. More than half of what’s left and others use hardly anything. It’s so clear that almost all of the fossil fuels are used mostly by the top 3 richest billions. More than 85%, but according to UNESCO, at least the richest billion now have stop increasing but we are yet to see whether they will decreae. And in the coming decades, if the economic growth of the following billion, that will increase the demand use of carbon dioxide emission. And regarding the population growth, it could destroy our planet in the near future.