2. Android
 is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices
such as smartphoness and tablet computers,
developed by Google in conjunction with the Open
Handset Alliance.
 was initially developed by Android Inc, whom Google
financially backed and later purchased in 2005.
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3.  Android has a large community of developers writing applications that
extend the functionality of the devices. Developers write primarily in a
customized version of Java, and apps can be downloaded from online
stores such as Google Play, the app store run by Google, or third-party
sites. In June 2012, there were more than 600,000 apps available for
Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from
Google Play was 20 billion.
 Android became the world’s leading smartphone platform at the end of
2010. For the first quarter of 2012, Android had a 59% smartphone
market share worldwide. As of third quarter 2012, there were 480
million devices activated and 1.3 million activations per day.
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4. Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, the co-founder of Wildfire
Communications, Inc. Nick Sears, once VP at T-Mobile, and Chris
White who headed design and interface development at WebTV.. to
develop, in Rubin's words "...smarter mobile devices that are more
aware of its owner's location and preferences". Despite the obvious
past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android
Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was working on software
for mobile phones. That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve
Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an
envelope and refused a stake in the company.
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5. Design
 Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel
2.6 and Linux Kernel 3.x, with middleware, libraries
andAPIs written in C and application software running
on an application framework which includes Java-
compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android
uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time
compilation to run Dalvik dex-code, which is usually
translated from Java bytecode.
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6.  The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM
architecture. There is support for x86 from
the Android x86 project, and Google TV uses a special
x86 version of Android.
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7. Linux
Android's kernel is based on the Linux
kernel and has further architecture changes by
Google outside the typical Linux kernel
development cycle. Android does not have a
native X Window System by default nor does it
support the full set of standard GNU libraries,
and this makes it difficult to port existing Linux
applications or libraries to Android.
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8. Linux included the autosleep and wakelocks
capablities in the 3.5 kernel, after many previous
attempts at merger. The interfaces are the same
but the upstream Linux implementation allows for
two different suspend modes: to memory, and to
disk. In August 2011, Linus Torvalds said that
"eventually Android and Linux would come back
to a common kernel, but it will probably not be for
four to five years.“
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9. Features

10. Handset layouts
The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D
graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL
ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone
layouts.
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11. Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used
for data storage purposes.
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12. Connectivity
Android supports connectivity technologies
including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-
DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
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13. Messaging
SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging,
including threaded text messaging and Android Cloud
To Device Messaging and now enhanced version of
C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging is also a part
of Android Push Messaging service.
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14. Multiple language support
Android supports multiple languages.
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15. Web browser
The web browser available in Android is based on the
open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled
with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser
scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on Android 4.0.
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16. Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which was
initially made available in handsets such as the HTC
Hero. The feature was originally disabled at the kernel
level.Google has since released an update for
the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables
multi-touch natively.
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17. Bluetooth
Supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files, accessing the
phone book, voice dialing and sending contacts
between phones. Keyboard, mouse and joystick
support is available in Android 3.1+, and in earlier
versions through manufacturer customizations and
third-party applications.
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18. Video calling
Android does not support native video calling, but some
handsets have a customized version of the operating
system that supports it, either via the UMTS network or
over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available in
Android 2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to
place Internet calls with a SIP account. This allows for
enhanced VoIP dialing to other SIP accounts and even
phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android
2.3, including front camera support.
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19. Screen capture
Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing
the power and volume-down buttons at the same
time. Prior to Android 4.0, the only methods of
capturing a screenshot were through manufacturer
and third-party customizations or otherwise by
using a PC connection. These alternative methods
are still available with the latest Android.
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