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Library Simplified at ALA 2015
- 1. 1 Library Simplified Amy Calhoun – Sacramento Public Library James English - The New York Public Library
- 2. 22 1. What is “Library Simplified” 2. Why are we doing this? 3. Strategy & Approach 4. What does it look like? 1. Implementation 2. Partner round table 3. Q&A Table of Contents
- 3. 33 What is “Library Simplified”
- 4. 4 Collaborations and Partnerships Public Libraries New York Public Library, Brooklyn Public Library, Boston Public Library, Sacramento Public Library, Santa Clara County Library, Alameda County Public Library, Kent District Library, Cincinnati/Hamilton Public Library, Cuyahoga Public Library, Chattanooga Public Library Individuals, Communities and Commercial/Non-commercial Enterprise Librarians, developers, designers, volunteer experts, tech evangelists, open source communities, The Readium Foundation, IDPF, standards bodies, Feedbooks, 3M, Sony DADC, Creative Action Network Government Institutions The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)
- 5. 55 It’s a solution Ideal process for Library Simplified Search for title in catalog Sign in to borrow Download eBook to device 3 Steps or less Discover | Borrow | Read
- 6. 66 Why are we doing this?
- 7. 77 The current market solutions are flawed… Search for title in catalog Current process Find record in eBook format Follow link to eBook site Sign in to eBook site Download eBook to device Sign in to catalog Up to 19 steps today
- 8. 8 …and it shows. 157% 209% -50% 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% Library Commercial Library eBook adoption trails commercial sector by 52% eBooks Physical Books 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Good to Excellent Fair to Poor How is your library eBook Selection? Good to Excellent Fair to Poor 5% 12% 95% 72% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Library Commercial Commercial eBook vs Physical readership 3X that of Library eBooks Physical We just don’t see the same level of adoption of eBooks when compared to our physical collections and the commercial market
- 9. 9 What are the flaws? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Finding Book Finding Availability Finding Format Placing Hold Check Outs Notifications What do Patrons find Hardest or Easiest with getting ebooks from Library? Hardest Easiest 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Help finding eBooks Help Borrowing an eBook How often do patrons call seeking help finding or borrowing eBooks Never Seldom Often Regularly For example, on average about 6% of AskNYPL calls are dedicated to eBook issues 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun eBook Support eBook Calls issues closed 93% of those calls are resolved. This gap is lasting user dissatisfaction.
- 11. 11 The Strategy Technology Needs • Interoperability (DRM, platforms, formats, tools) • Standards and open specifications • Accessibility compatibility Market and Industry needs • Less monopoly, monopsony (high costs, bad licensing, limited choice, bad UX) • Less channel isolation/lock-in • Access the broader market (self publishing, independent publishers, Public Domain) • Lack of legal “digital right of first sale” • Better library policies • Better content licensing Core Strength • Librarian knowledge of books (Readers Advisory) • Scale and Money • Public trust • NYC developer community Changes • Improving standards, • Open specifications, • Open source community • DRM alternatives (LCP, URMS) • More APIs • New technology • Market competition Address a need, take advantage of a change in the industry and use your core strengths.
- 12. 12 Reallocate our human and financial capital • The ICT landscape can be viewed as a set of specialized ecosystems, each comprising a “platform” • Tech firms often seek to establish their own platform(s) • Platforms generally exhibit “lock-in” • Switching costs • Network effects • Barriers to entry by competitors The Platform Game Open Standards & Interoperable Platforms • Lower barriers to entry • Lower switching costs between providers of platform components • Same tools, skills applicable across platforms • Promotes competition among multiple implementations of a given architecture • Network effects accrue across all adopters not solely a single platform provider • Open platforms as generative architectures
- 13. 13 Collaborate and support open standards Open Publication Distribution Systems (OPDS) Lightweight open standard based on RSS/ATOM used to create catalogs that enable the aggregation, distribution, and discovery of content by any user, from any source, in any digital format, and on any device. EPUB A unified format standard for text-centric content that reduces costs, foster services and content innovation, and ensure an interoperable open ecosystem OPDS Cross-organization global collaboration necessary for success Consider getting involved in IDPF, BISG, and/or Readium!
- 14. 14 Content Creation Aggregation Print Production Marketing Online Distribution Consumption Content Creation Aggregation Digital Production Marketing Online Distribution Consumption Libraries Role in Physical: Consumer, Distributor, Marketer Define ourselves in the value chain. Library’s Current Role: Consumer (We subsidize eBooks readers) Reader’s Advisory Circulation Collection/Curating Physical Book Value Chain eBook Value Chain Opportunity ? Aggregation Digital Production Marketing Online Distribution Consumption
- 15. 15 • Over the past 4 years NYPL has simply put more money into eBooks • However there is approximately a 15% cost penalty • Pursuit of content price reductions may offer a more efficient means of growing circulation 65% 50% Average annual growth of eSpend Average circulation growth of e collection Percent Growth eCirc and spend - 50 100 150 200 250 Current Users Potential Users Circulation Potential * Sample Data: Top ten titles from Hachette on our 3M Cloud Library and historical Hachette content spend and circulation performance. * Sample Data: NYPL p v e circulation analysis data Seek better ROI
- 16. 16 Accessing the broader market would actually be more effective in bringing popular content to Library users. • The two largest retailers Amazon and Barn’s & Noble represent the lion share of the eBook market. • Their retail numbers provide a some profound insight into the eBook market over Book Industry Data Unit sales show that Indie publishers provide the most popular content Indie Published, 39% Small Medium Publishers, 8% Amazon Published, 15% Big Five Published, 34% Uncategorized/ Single Author Publisher, 4% Source: July 2014 Author Earnings Report (Amazon) Indie Published 30% Small Medium Publishers 19% Amazon Published 0% Big Five Published 50% Uncategorized/ Single Author Publisher 1% Source: July 2014 Author Earnings Report (B&N) Consider alternative publishers
- 17. 17 17 Use DRM for rights management, not lock-in • DRM makes it difficult to move eBooks between devices and traps readers into a single retail channel. • DRM is employed on 100% of Big 5 published works, and only 50% of indie published content. • Indie titles without DRM sell twice as many copies each, on average, as those with DRM on Amazon. This suggests DRM is being used to lock consumers into suppliers as opposed to protecting the copyright
- 18. 1818 Short term 1. Improve user satisfaction 2. Acquire more eContent (more copies, more titles, more vendors) 3. Improve user experience in eBook discovery and access to make the Library a viable “one-stop shop” for finding and managing media 4. Turn high-quality, Public Domain and mid-list titles into Library bestsellers through new models of Recommendation and Discovery Long Term 3. Promote open source and inter-operable eBook technology 4. Improve collection acquisition costs 5. Approach authors directly to publish and acquire licenses 6. Become a “market maker” through a system-wide effort to promote books online and through live programs Keep at it 7. Approach publishers directly (as opposed to aggregators) about a different deal for libraries 8. Explore lobbying and legal positions that would improve copyright vis-a-vis lending eBooks Approach
- 19. 1919 What does it look like?
- 20. 2020 Not like this Baker & Taylor eBook Platforms OverDrive 3M Cloud Library Baker & Taylor Polaris Sierra ILS Sierra APIs Polaris APIs Library IT Systems Millennium ILS Web Pac BiblioCommons (OPAC) 3M eBook Platforms OPAC OverDrive eBook Platforms ?
- 21. 2121 More like this OverDrive 3M Cloud Library Baker & Taylor Polaris Sierra ILS Sierra APIs Polaris APIs Library Systems Millennium ILS Web Pac BiblioCommons (OPAC) Vendor Web Catalogue Library Simplified Library Simplified
- 22. 22 The Mobile App Stack OPDS • Collection Blocks • Resource URLs Licensed Code (Proprietary) Application Layer (Open Source) Adobe Adept Connector • Adobe DRM • Vendor ID support Adobe DRM Catalogue • Acquisition URLs • XML (ATOM) • Library License (Free*) Readium SDK Readium SDK • EPUB2/3 support • Media Overlays/Accessibility • $5K/$3K annual • Open Source • Applications • Applications Framework • Java Libraries Android OS • Android Runtime • Linux Kernel • Cocoa Touch • Native C++ support • Media Services Apple iOS • Core Services • OS • Hardware
- 23. 23 The Middleware Stack Circulation Manager • Integration (3M, OD, B&T, OA Server, Other) • Catalogue • OPDS Syndication / Client Interface Open Access Content Server • Guttenberg / Standard Ebook • Recovering the Classics / Gitenberg • Other TBD OPTIONAL Card Registration NON-OPTIONAL Meta Data “Wrangler” • Classification • Normalization • Description Rights Management Meta Data Open Access Content Card Registration App • Sierra Patron API • Other TBD Adobe Vendor ID • Adobe License Required ($10K/yr) Catalogue & Circulation OR
- 25. 25 Option 1 (Simple – $0 Licensing fees) Library Library Users Simplified Middleware • Circulation Manager • Meta-data Service Simplified Implementers Server Platforms • On Premise (Linux) OR • Amazon EC2 Library IT Staff Mobile Platforms Simplified Mobile App
- 26. 26 Library Library Users Simplified Implementers Library IT Staff Option 2 (OA server, $0 licensing fees) Simplified Middleware • Circulation Manager • Meta Data Service • OA Server Server Platforms • On Premise (Linux) OR • Amazon EC2 Mobile Platforms Simplified Mobile App
- 27. 27 Option 3 (Full Stack, $10K/annual vendor ID) Simplified Middleware • Circulation Manager • Meta Data Wrangler or Service • Open Access Content Server • Adobe Vendor ID * • Card Registration Simplified Mobile App Library Library Users Simplified Implementers Library IT Staff Server Platforms • On Premise (Linux) OR • Amazon EC2 Mobile Platforms
- 28. 28 Option 4 (Custom, Licensing) Simplified Code <> Simplified Implementers Library Users <> Customized AppCustomized Application Services Licensing Readium SDK $5K - $3K/yr Licensing Adobe $10K/yr