1. Freedom for Africa

2. Africa follows Asia
 After India gained
independence, many other Asian
countries sought
independence, mostly peacefully.
 African groups, like Asian
groups, experienced nationalistic
movements.
 People of Africa wanted freedom from
European control, after World War II.

3. Ghana
 Ghana was the first
African country to
gain independence
after World War II.
 Kwame Nkrumah
followed Gandhi's
example and used
boycotts and
nonviolence to get
Ghana’s
independence.

4. Algeria
 Algerians had to
fight to gain
independence from
France.
 The Algerian
National Liberation
Front had to fight
hundreds of
thousands of
French soldiers.

5. Kenya
 In Kenya, the British
and their settlers did
not want to grant
Kenya independence.
 Jomo Kenyatta, the
leader of Kenyan
nationalism, was
arrested for failing to
stand up to guerilla
fighters, fighting for
independence.
 When Kenya was
given independence,
Jomo was the first
president.

6. The Congo  Some places
experienced more
violence when they
became free.
 The people of the
Congo were not
prepared to run a
country when freed.
 Rival ethnicities
hated each other
and a civil war broke
out.
 Finally a dictator
took over.

7. South Africa
 South Africa was an unusual country,
granted independence prior to both
World Wars.
 However, the small white South
African population created a political
system that kept the majority black
South African population out of power.

8. Apartheid
 Apartheid –
legalized racial
segregation in
South Africa
 Black South
Africans were
denied the vote
and forced to live
on land bad for
farming.

9. The African National
Congress
 Groups protested this racist policy.
 The most famous group to protest
apartheid was the African National
Congress.
 Leaders were arrested (Nelson Mandala)
or killed (Stephen Biko)

10. Equality
 In 1989, a new president was elected and
began to end apartheid.
 Mandela was freed from prison soon after.
 In 1994, in the first universal election,
Mandela was elected president. He was
the first black South African President.